Viewing data for Engraulis encrasicolus


Scientific name Engraulis encrasicolus
Common name European anchovy
Maximum lifespan 3.00 years (Engraulis encrasicolus@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16674 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7652 9022 4585 3067 4469 4553
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 459 541 275 184 268 273
Base content (%) 45.9% 54.1%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11395 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5248 6147 3252 1996 3215 2932
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 461 539 285 175 282 257
Base content (%) 46.1% 53.9%
D-loop (size: 1024 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 408 616 241 167 318 298
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 398 602 235 163 311 291
Base content (%) 39.8% 60.2%
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1548 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 719 829 399 320 369 460
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 464 536 258 207 238 297
Base content (%) 46.4% 53.6%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2633 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1241 1392 671 570 546 846
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 471 529 255 216 207 321
Base content (%) 47.1% 52.9%
12S rRNA gene (size: 950 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 469 481 257 212 195 286
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 494 506 271 223 205 301
Base content (%) 49.4% 50.6%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1683 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 772 911 414 358 351 560
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 459 541 246 213 209 333
Base content (%) 45.9% 54.1%

ATP6 (size: 683 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 298 385 194 104 215 170
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 436 564 284 152 315 249
Base content (%) 43.6% 56.4%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 66 102 46 20 51 51
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 393 607 274 119 304 304
Base content (%) 39.3% 60.7%
COX1 (size: 1545 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 681 864 391 290 464 400
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 441 559 253 188 300 259
Base content (%) 44.1% 55.9%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 301 390 175 126 195 195
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 436 564 253 182 282 282
Base content (%) 43.6% 56.4%
COX3 (size: 785 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 370 415 219 151 226 189
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 471 529 279 192 288 241
Base content (%) 47.1% 52.9%
CYTB (size: 1141 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 509 632 317 192 346 286
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 446 554 278 168 303 251
Base content (%) 44.6% 55.4%
ND1 (size: 973 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 467 506 291 176 274 232
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 480 520 299 181 282 238
Base content (%) 48.0% 52.0%
ND2 (size: 1045 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 501 544 332 169 282 262
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 479 521 318 162 270 251
Base content (%) 47.9% 52.1%
ND3 (size: 349 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 170 179 101 69 104 75
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 487 513 289 198 298 215
Base content (%) 48.7% 51.3%
ND4 (size: 1381 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 656 725 417 239 379 346
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 475 525 302 173 274 251
Base content (%) 47.5% 52.5%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 138 159 81 57 86 73
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 465 535 273 192 290 246
Base content (%) 46.5% 53.5%
ND5 (size: 1836 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 835 1001 524 311 514 487
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 455 545 285 169 280 265
Base content (%) 45.5% 54.5%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 261 261 167 94 85 176
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 500 500 320 180 163 337
Base content (%) 50.0% 50.0%

ATP6 (size: 683 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 12 (5.31%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 19 (8.41%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 8 (3.54%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 20 (8.85%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 16 (7.08%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 47 (20.8%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 21 (9.29%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (3.98%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 18 (7.96%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 14 (6.19%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 4 (1.77%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.21%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.77%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (4.42%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.98%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (1.33%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.65%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
17 4 4 15 7 13 7 5 8 1 5 5 4 2 6 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 0 4 3 9 3 2 4 5 1 8 3 5 2 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 6 1 1 2 0 0 2 3 3 1 0 0 3 7 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 3 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
52 78 66 31
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
28 60 32 107
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
24 56 71 76
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPAPWFFILILSWLTFLIILPPKVLAHEFTNEPTVMGAEKPKPESWNWPWY*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 7 (12.73%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 9 (16.36%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
3 1 1 2 1 0 0 3 1 0 1 0 1 0 4 0
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 3 2 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 2 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
10 14 15 17
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
6 17 14 19
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
4 15 22 15
COX1 (size: 1545 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 47 (9.14%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 48 (9.34%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 27 (5.25%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 36 (7.0%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 42 (8.17%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 62 (12.06%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 41 (7.98%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 23 (4.47%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (5.45%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (8.17%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 18 (3.5%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.31%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 14 (2.72%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.14%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 14 (2.72%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (1.36%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 19 (3.7%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.75%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.56%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
27 14 2 22 8 23 1 6 6 1 11 7 22 2 12 30
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
21 0 1 12 10 24 2 11 3 20 13 13 7 6 2 10
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 18 1 6 4 12 0 0 5 7 11 0 2 9 5 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
18 8 3 3 11 8 1 1 0 6 1 0 0 1 0 17
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
162 116 128 109
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
78 134 93 210
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
50 141 179 145
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 15 (6.55%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 23 (10.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 26 (11.35%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 20 (8.73%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (5.24%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 15 (6.55%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 11 5 7 5 6 1 6 7 1 5 6 9 3 3 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 1 1 6 4 5 1 1 1 4 3 7 3 1 3 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 3 1 4 2 6 0 2 1 2 7 1 1 2 3 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 14 1 4 9 3 1 1 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
76 57 54 43
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
25 52 64 89
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
25 66 77 62
COX3 (size: 785 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 23 (8.85%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 23 (8.85%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 26 (10.0%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (7.69%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 30 (11.54%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 6 (2.31%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 26 (10.0%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 6 (2.31%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.38%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 17 (6.54%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 4 2 7 3 9 4 5 7 1 5 6 8 1 9 17
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 2 4 8 7 4 4 6 12 1 9 1 0 2 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 15 1 5 2 3 0 0 2 1 10 1 2 0 1 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
13 7 1 2 4 1 1 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
80 65 48 68
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
44 71 53 93
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
27 83 87 64
CYTB (size: 1141 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 34 (8.97%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 22 (5.8%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (5.8%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 28 (7.39%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 56 (14.78%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 29 (7.65%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 30 (7.92%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.69%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 13 (3.43%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (2.9%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 19 (5.01%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
16 13 2 17 8 14 4 11 4 2 8 6 11 3 6 24
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
10 1 2 8 10 14 2 4 3 16 3 6 6 9 0 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 4 1 8 5 4 4 0 1 3 11 0 2 6 13 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 4 2 3 8 6 2 0 0 7 1 0 0 0 0 13
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
105 90 91 94
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
51 98 76 155
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
36 129 119 96
ND1 (size: 973 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (5.26%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 37 (11.46%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 20 (6.19%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 25 (7.74%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 22 (6.81%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 61 (18.89%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 19 (5.88%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (3.41%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (7.43%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 19 (5.88%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (3.1%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.48%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.24%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.41%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (3.41%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.86%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.24%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.17%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.48%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
15 4 3 11 11 20 9 6 6 0 5 2 9 6 7 12
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
8 0 0 8 13 13 3 2 7 6 2 8 8 6 2 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
12 6 3 5 8 2 0 2 3 4 6 2 4 6 5 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 8 3 2 2 5 2 0 0 5 3 0 0 0 0 6
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
91 93 78 62
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
38 101 53 132
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
47 97 101 79
ND2 (size: 1045 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (4.9%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 42 (12.1%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 22 (6.34%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 48 (13.83%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.86%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 69 (19.88%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 28 (8.07%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 17 (4.9%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (4.9%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 15 (4.32%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
19 9 7 21 11 12 8 13 8 7 1 2 5 0 4 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
10 1 2 11 16 11 4 1 7 5 4 3 9 3 2 12
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
25 8 3 5 3 7 2 1 4 2 5 2 4 1 8 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
5 1 3 0 1 2 7 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
72 96 116 64
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
40 124 53 131
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
57 112 93 86
ND3 (size: 1045 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (4.9%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 42 (12.1%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 22 (6.34%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 48 (13.83%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.86%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 69 (19.88%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 28 (8.07%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 17 (4.9%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (4.9%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 15 (4.32%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
19 9 7 21 11 12 8 13 8 7 1 2 5 0 4 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
10 1 2 11 16 11 4 1 7 5 4 3 9 3 2 12
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
25 8 3 5 3 7 2 1 4 2 5 2 4 1 8 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
5 1 3 0 1 2 7 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
72 96 116 64
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
40 124 53 131
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
57 112 93 86
ND4 (size: 1381 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (5.66%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 42 (9.15%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 32 (6.97%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 44 (9.59%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 16 (3.49%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 84 (18.3%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 37 (8.06%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 25 (5.45%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (6.1%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 17 (3.7%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 19 (4.14%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 13 (2.83%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.96%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
16 21 11 25 15 17 12 11 8 5 5 4 7 0 7 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
14 2 2 9 15 12 6 4 7 11 4 11 7 7 3 11
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
15 17 1 6 8 8 1 0 9 3 11 5 4 2 9 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 6 6 1 3 5 4 1 3 2 5 0 0 0 0 14
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
100 133 135 92
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
69 137 75 179
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
70 147 136 107
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 13 (13.27%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 9 (9.18%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 10 (10.2%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 21 (21.43%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 0 1 5 3 5 2 2 3 0 0 0 3 0 5 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 1 2 2 1 6 4 1 2 3 0 1 0 2 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 5 0 1 0 4 1 2 1 0 0 1 4 1 1 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
25 28 22 24
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
16 32 13 38
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
16 21 38 24
ND5 (size: 1836 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 32 (5.24%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 55 (9.0%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 43 (7.04%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 66 (10.8%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 6 (0.98%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 34 (5.56%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 86 (14.08%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 53 (8.67%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 29 (4.75%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (4.58%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 40 (6.55%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (1.47%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (2.13%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 26 (4.26%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 21 (3.44%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 21 (3.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (1.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
27 26 12 21 17 21 12 11 15 6 9 7 9 9 21 19
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
17 1 5 16 15 18 6 2 9 12 9 12 8 6 2 15
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
27 17 7 11 10 6 5 3 8 3 6 5 4 8 18 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
13 8 4 4 9 15 6 1 3 4 1 0 0 1 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
146 143 206 117
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
72 181 117 242
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
93 200 164 155
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 20 (11.56%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 24 (13.87%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 25 (14.45%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 30 (17.34%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
4 1 1 2 1 2 7 12 0 0 6 1 8 10 6 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 3 2 6 7 5 6 3 2 6 9 0 3 1 1 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 0 0 3 2 0 3 1 1 5 5 2 6 0 2 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 2 5 2 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 2
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
79 21 18 56
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
34 41 25 74
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
54 32 42 46
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11416 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 243 (6.39%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 365 (9.6%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 227 (5.97%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 322 (8.47%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 30 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 245 (6.45%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 607 (15.97%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 277 (7.29%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 159 (4.18%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 215 (5.66%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 233 (6.13%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 109 (2.87%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 119 (3.13%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 74 (1.95%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 103 (2.71%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 115 (3.03%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 100 (2.63%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 105 (2.76%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 76 (2.0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 73 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
165 112 51 164 96 145 70 95 75 25 62 48 97 38 93 140
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
108 10 20 87 109 128 41 35 54 101 53 84 61 51 19 85
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
114 103 20 56 49 55 16 13 38 33 76 19 37 39 76 22
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
83 69 34 23 51 49 27 8 9 39 17 0 0 4 1 100
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
1030 968 1000 804
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
516 1078 687 1521
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
525 1136 1162 979

>NC_009581.1 Engraulis encrasicolus mitochondrion, complete genome
GCTCACGTAGCTTAAATCAAAGCATAGCACTGAAGATGCTAAGATGAACCCTGAAAAGTTCCGTAAGCAC
AAAGGTTTGGTCCTAGCCTTACTATCAGCTTTAGCTCAAATTACACATGCAAGTCTCCGCAGTCCCGTGA
GGATGCCCCCAACTTCCCACCCGGAAATAGGGAGCCGGCATCAGGCACAATTATGAAGCCCAAAACGCCT
TGCTCAGCCACACCCCCAAGGGAATTCAGCAGTGATAAACATTAAGCCATAAGCGAAAGCTTGACTTAGT
CCGAGCTAAGAGGGCCGGTAAAACTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATACGAGAGACCCTAGTTGATTGAAG
CGGCGTAAAGAGTGGTTATGGAATTTTTTACCCTAAAGCAGAAAACCTCTCAAACTGTTATACGCACCCA
GAGGTTAAAACCCCTTACACGAAAGTGACTTTATTTTCGCCTACCAGAACCCACGAAAGCTAGGATACAA
ACTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCCTAGCCATAAACTTTAATGCTAATGTACAACTAGCATCCGCCAGG
GAACTACGAGCACCAGCTTAAAACCCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCCTCAGACCCCCCTAGAGGAGCCTGTTC
TAGAACCGATAACCCCCGTTCAACCTCACCACTCCTTGCCCTTTCCGCCTATATACCACCGTCGCCAGCT
TACCCTGTGAAGGAAAAGTAAGCGAAATGGAGACTCTCCAAAACGTCAGGTCGAGGTGTAGCACACGGAG
TGGGAAGAAATGGGCTACATTGCCTGATTTAGGCTACTAACGGAAAGTCGCCTGAAAAGACTATTTGAAG
GTGGATTTAGCAGTAAGAGGGGAATAGAGTGCCCCTTTGAAGCCGGCTCTGAGGCGCGCACACACCGCCC
GTCACTCTCCCCAACAACCCTAATTCACGAGTAATTTAACCCTACACATGTAAAAAGGGGAGGCAAGTCG
TAACATGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTGGAATAACTAGGGCGTGGCCGAGATAGTCAGGCAACTCT
CTTACACTGAGTCCACATCCATGCAAGTTGGATCGTCCTAAGCTACAAAGCTAGCTCTAACCATATAGCA
AAGTTAATAATCTAATTACCTACTTAACAACAAAAAAATACAAACCAAATCATTTGACCTTCCCAGTATG
GGCGACAGAAAAGAATTCCCAGAAGCAATAGAAAAAGTACCGCAAGGGAAAGCTGAAAGAGAAATGAAAT
AACCCATTAAAGCACAGAGAAGCAGAGATAACCTCTCGTACCTTTTGCATCATGATTCAGCAAGTTAACT
CAAGCAAAGAGCACTCTAGTTTGCACCCCCGAAACTTGACGAGCTACTCCGAGACAGCCAACTATGGGCC
AACCCGTCTCTGTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGAAGATCTCCGAGTAGAGGCAAAAAACCTACCGAGCCAAGTTAT
AGCTGGTTGCCCAATAAATGAATACAAGTTCAGCCCTGCCTAGCCCGACTCACACCAGTTTTACGAAAAA
AGACAAGGAGCTCACTCGCAGGAGTTAATCAGAGGAGGTACAGCTCCCCTGATACAGGATACAACCTTTT
TAGGAGATAAAAGAATATTGCCAAACAAGGCCTTGGGCCTCAGTGGGCCTGAAAGCAGCCATCTGATCTG
AAAGCGTTAAAGCTCCGGCCAAAAGAAAGCCTTTTATTTAATCTTAATATCTGCTCCCCTAAACCTTATT
GGGCCTCTCCATGCATCCATGGAAGAGACTATGCTGGAACGAGTAACAAGAAGAATGAACTTCTCCACGC
ACAAGTGTATGTCAAATTGGACCAACCATCGACAATCAACGAACCCAACAAAAGAGGGCCCTACACACCC
GCCACCTCTGACCAAGAAAACTATGTTCCCCAGAATCGTTGCCCCGACACAGGAGTGCCAGAACAAGGAA
AGACTTAAAGAAAAAAAAGGAACTCGGCAAACCCAGACCTCGCCTGTTTACCAAAAACATCGCCTCTTGC
ATTCCAAAGTATAAGAGGTCCCACCTGCCCTGTGACTCTAAGTTTAACGGCCGCGGTATTCTAACCGTGC
GAAGGTAGCGCAATCAATTGCCTTTTAAATGAAGGCCTGTATGAATGGTATAACGAGGGTCTAGCTGTCT
CTTTTTTCTAGTCAGTTAAACTGATCTGTCCGTGCAGAAGCGGACATAAACATACAAGACGAGAAGACCC
TATGGAGCTTTAGACACTAGCCAACTGTGATAAGCGACTGAACTGAACAAGTCCTAAATACCCGCAGCCT
TATGGTAATGTAGTCTTAGGTTGGGGCGACCACGGGAGAAAGTAAAGCTCCCAAGCAGACCGGGAAAACC
CTTAAGCCGAGAGTTGCAACTCTAAGCCGCAAAATTTTTGACTGATATGATCCGGTTGAAAAACCGATTA
ACGAACCAAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCTCTCCCAGAGTCCCTATCGACGAGGGGGTTTACG
ACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGATTAAA
GTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGTAATCCAGGTCGGTTTCTATCTGTAAAGCCATCACCCCTAG
TACGAAAGGACCGGAGTGAAGGGGCCTATGCTAGGAGCAAGCCCCACATCTACCTGCTGAAGTCAACTAA
AGCAGGTAAAGATAAGCAATCCAACGGCTCAAGAAAAGAGCCGTCTTATTTATTCGCGCTAGAGTGGCAG
AGCCTGGTAAATGCAGGAAGCCTAAGCCTTCCACCCCGGAGGTTCAAGTCCTCCCTCTAACTTATGCTAA
GCACTATTATTACCCACATCGTTAACCCCTTGGCCTACATTGTTCCCGTACTACTAGCAGTAGCATTCTT
AACGCTTGTAGAGCGAAAAGTACTGGGCTATATGCAACTGCGGAAAGGCCCTAATGTTGTAGGACCTTAC
GGCCTCCTTCAACCTATTGCGGATGGGGTAAAACTGTTCATTAAAGAACCAGTCCGACCCTCTACCTCCG
CACCATTTCTCTTCCTAGCCACCCCTACCTTAGCCCTCACCCTGGCCCTCACCCTATGGGCACCTCTGCC
CATGCCTCACCCAGTCACAGACCTTAACCTAAGCATGCTATTCATCCTAGCACTGTCAAGTCTAGCCGTG
TACTCCATCCTAGGCTCTGGATGGGCATCCAATTCTAAGTACGCTCTCATTGGGGCACTCCGAGCAGTGG
CCCAAACTATTTCTTATGAAGTAGCGCTAGGACTTATTCTTCTCTCCACAATCGTTTTCACGGGTGGTTT
TACTCTCACGATATTTAGTGTGACCCAAGAAAGCATTTGACTGCTTGCCCCGGCCTGACCATTGGCAGCA
ATATGATTTGTTTCCACCCTAGCTGAAACCAATCGAGCACCCTTTGATCTTACCGAAGGAGAATCTGAAC
TAGTGTCCGGCTTCAACGTAGAGTACGCGGGCGGACCATTCGCCCTCTTCTTCCTGGCTGAGTATGCTAA
CATTCTATTTATGAATACACTATCAGCCATTCTATTTATAGGCGCAACCAATTTACCCATGCTTCCGGAA
CTTACAACTATTAATATTATGATTAAGGCCGCTTTGCTATCCGCTCTCTTCTTATGAGTGCGGGCCTCCT
ACCCTCGATTCCGGTATGACCAACTTATGCACCTAGTGTGAAAAAACTTCTTACCCCTAACACTAGCCCT
CATTTTGTGACACACAGCTGTACCTCTTGCTACCGCAGGATTACCACCCCAACTGTAACGGAACTGTGCC
TGAACGCCTAAGGGACACTTTGATAGAGTGAACCACGGGGGTTAAACTCCCCTCAGCTCCTTAGAAATAA
GGGAATTGAACCCTTCCTCCGAAAATCAAAACTTCGGGTGCTTCCTCTACACCATTTTCTAGTAAGGTCA
GCTAAATAAGCTTTTGGGCCCATACCCCAAACATGTTGGTTAGAATCCTTCCCATACTAATGAACCCCTA
CGTACTCACCCTTTTACTTATGAGCTTGGGACTGGGCACCACCCTCACCTTCATAAGCTCACACTGACTT
CTTGCCTGAATAGGCCTAGAAATTAACACCCTAGCCATTATTCCCCTTATAGCCCAAAAGCATCACCCCC
GAGCAGTAGAGGCCACAACCAAGTATTTTCTTATCCAGGCGACGGGGGCGGCCATGATCTTGTTTGCCGC
ATCTACCAACGCCTGAATCATGGGCCAGTGGGACATTAACCACATGTCTCACCCCCTCACCTCCGCCATA
GCTATAACCGCACTGGCACTTAAAGTAGGATTAGCACCTCTTCATCTTTGGCTGCCGGAGGTACTGCAGG
GCATTACTATTACCACTGGGTTAATCCTCTCTACATGACAGAAGCTAGCTCCGCTAGCGCTGATTATGCA
AACAGCAAATTTTACCCACCCTCTTCTCCTTACTACACTAGCACTCTCATCAACACTTATTGGGGGATGA
GGGGGCCTGAACCAAACCCAGTTGCGTAAGATCTTAGCATACTCTTCAATCGCCCATCTAGGCTGAATGA
TCTTAATATCACAAATGGCCCCCCAAATGACCCTCATTGCACTGGTCACTTACATTGTTATGACAAGTGC
AGCCTTCCTTACCTTAAACAACATCAACTGCACGAAAACTATTACCCTAGCCTCAGCTTGAACCAAGGCT
CCTACAATAGCAGCCTTAACTTGTCTTATTCTTCTATCCTTAGGTGGCCTACCACCCCTTACGGGATTCT
TACCCAAGTGACTTATCATTCAGGAGCTTGCTAGCCAAGGATTAGCGCTAACCGCTACTGTAATTGCTCT
CACTGCTCTGATTAGCCTCTTCTTCTATCTACGGTTGACCTACGCCGTCACCCTTACCCTCTCGCCACAA
ACCTCCTACGCTACCACTCCCTGACGAATTCAAGCCAAGCAGTCAACACTAGCTCTCTCTTTAGCTACTA
TTTCGGCCACCTGCTTACTTCCCATTACTCCAACCATTTTTACTCTTTTAACCTAGAGACTTAGGATAGC
ATTTAGACCATGAGCCTTCAAAGCTCCGAGCAGGAGTGAAAATCTCCTAGTCCCTGATAAGACTTGCGGG
ATTTTATCCCACATCACCTGAATGCAACTCAGGCACTTTAATTAAGCTAAAGCCTTTCTAGGCGGGAAGG
CCTCGATCCTACAAACTCTTAGTTAACAGCTAAGCGCCCTAACCAGCGAGCATCCGCCTACTTTCCCCGC
CGCCTCCGTAAAAGGCGGGGAAAGCCCCGGCAGGCGTCAACCTACGTCTTCGGGCTTGCAACCCGACATG
AACTTCACCACAGAGCTTGGTAGAAAGAGGATTTAAACCTCTGTCATCGGAGCTACAATCCGCCGCCTAA
GCCCTCGGCCAATCTACCTGTGGCAATTACACGTTGATTTTTCTCAACAAATCACAAAGACATTGGCACC
CTATATCTTATTTTCGGTGCCTGAGCAGGAATGGTAGGGACAGCACTTAGCCTCCTTATTCGAGCAGAAC
TAAGCCAACCAGGAGCACTTCTGGGGGACGATCAAATTTATAACGTAATCGTTACTGCTCACGCATTCGT
AATAATCTTTTTCATGGTAATGCCCATTCTAATCGGTGGGTTCGGGAATTGACTAGTTCCTCTTATACTA
GGGGCCCCAGACATGGCATTCCCCCGAATGAACAATATGAGCTTTTGACTCCTTCCTCCTTCTTTCCTTC
TCCTCTTAGCATCATCTGGTGTTGAAGCAGGAGCCGGAACAGGATGAACAGTCTACCCCCCTTTATCAGG
AAACCTTGCCCACGCAGGAGCGTCAGTAGATTTAACAATCTTCTCTCTCCACTTGGCAGGGATTTCATCA
ATCCTAGGTGCCATTAATTTCATTACTACTATTATTAATATGAAACCACCTGCTATTTCACAATACCAGA
CACCTCTATTTGTCTGAGCTGTATTAATCACGGCAGTACTTTTACTTCTTTCACTACCCGTTCTAGCTGC
TGGGATTACTATGCTTCTTACAGACCGAAACCTAAATACTACTTTCTTCGACCCAGCAGGGGGAGGAGAC
CCGATTCTTTATCAACACCTATTCTGATTCTTCGGACACCCCGAAGTCTACATTCTTATTCTTCCTGGAT
TCGGGATGATTTCCCACATTGTAGCTTACTACGCCGGAAAAAAAGAACCTTTCGGGTATATGGGTATGGT
CTGAGCTATGATGGCTATCGGACTACTAGGGTTCATTGTATGAGCCCACCACATGTTCACAGTAGGTATG
GACGTAGATACTCGAGCATACTTCACATCTGCAACAATGATTATCGCCATCCCCACAGGAGTAAAAGTCT
TTAGCTGACTCGCTACCCTACACGGGGGAGCTATTAAGTGAGAAACCCCTATGCTTTGAGCACTAGGTTT
TATCTTCTTATTCACAGTTGGTGGTCTAACAGGTATTGTTCTAGCAAATTCATCTCTAGACATTGTTCTC
CATGACACATACTATGTAGTAGCACACTTCCACTACGTCCTCTCAATGGGTGCAGTATTTGCTATCGTTG
CAGGATTTGTGCACTGATTCCCGCTATTTACAGGATACACCCTTCACAGCACCTGAACAAAAATCCACTT
TGGCGTTATGTTCGTAGGGGTAAATCTTACATTCTTCCCTCAACACTTCCTAGGACTAGCAGGAATGCCT
CGACGGTACTCCGACTACCCAGACGCGTATACTCTTTGAAATACCGTATCCTCAATCGGCTCTCTAATCT
CCCTTGTCGCAGTAATTATGTTCTTGTTTATTATTTGAGAAGCATTCGCCGCCAAACGAGAAGTAGCATC
AGTAGAGCTAACTATTACTAACGTAGAATGACTTCACGGATGCCCTCCCCCTTATCACACCTTTGAGGAG
CCAGCTTTCGTTCAAGTTAAATAACGAGAAAGGAGGGAATCGAACCCCCGTAGGATGGTTTCAAGCCAAC
CACATAACCACTCTGACACTTTCTTAATTTGAGGTGCTAGTAAAATATTACCTTGTCTTGTCAAGACAAA
ATTGTGGGTTAAACCCCCACGCACCTTGACAGAGCTAAATGGCACATCCCTCACAATTAGGATTGCAAGA
CGCGGCCTCCCCTGTTATAGAAGAATTAATTCACTTCCACGACCATGCACTAATAATCGTATTTTTAATT
AGTACTTTAGTTCTTTACGTCATCGTAGCTATGGTCTCTATCAAGCTTACGAACAAATACATTCTAGATT
CACAAGAGATCGAAATCGTGTGAACTATTCTCCCTGCTGTCATTCTTATTATGATCGCACTACCGTCTCT
ACGAATCCTCTACCTCATGGATGAAATCAACGACCCTCATTTAACCATTAAAGCTGTAGGGCACCAATGG
TACTGAAGCTATGAATATACAGACTACGAAGACCTAGGATTTGACTCATACATAGTCCCCACTCAAGACC
TCATCCCTGGACAGTTCCGACTTCTGGAAACTGATCATCGAATGGTTGTCCCAATAGAATCTCCTGTGCG
AGTATTAGTTACAGCTGAAGATGTACTTCACTCCTGAGCAGTTCCGGCACTAGGCGTAAAAATGGACGCT
GTACCGGGTCGTCTTAATCAAACCGCCTTCATCACATCTCGGCCCGGGGTATTCTACGGGCAATGTTCAG
AAATTTGCGGAGCTAACCACAGTTTTATGCCTATCGTGGTAGAAGCCGTCCCTCTTGAACACTTCGAAAA
TTGATCATCACTCATAATTGAAGACGCCTCATCAGGAAGCTAAAAGGATCTAGCGTCAGCCTTTTAAGCT
GAAGTTTGGTGACTCCGCCCCACCTCTGGTGACATGCCTCAATTAAACCCCGCCCCTTGATTTTTTATTT
TAATCCTTTCATGACTTACATTTTTAATTATTCTCCCCCCAAAAGTTTTGGCCCACGAGTTTACTAACGA
ACCTACAGTAATAGGCGCCGAGAAACCCAAACCTGAATCCTGAAACTGACCATGATACTAAGCTTCTTCG
ATCAATTTGCAAGCCCAAATTATATAGGAATTCCTTTAATTGCTCTAGCGATTGTTCTTCCATGAATTCT
CTTCCCTACCCCAACCTCCCGATGATTAAACAACCGCCTTCTTACTCTTCAGGGGTGATTTATTAACCGT
GTTAGTCAACAAATCTTCCTCCCTATCAACCCCGGAGGTCATAAGTGAGCTATACTATTTACATCCCTGC
TAGTATTCCTTATTACCATCAACATGCTAGGACTTCTGCCGTACACGTTTACTCCGACTACACAACTGTC
TCTAAATATAGCATTCGCAGTGCCCCTATGACTAGCTACTGTAATTATTGGCATGCGAAATCAACCAACC
GCAGCACTAGGACACCTGCTCCCAGAAGGCACTCCCGGCCCTCTAATTCCTGTTCTTATTGTTATCGAAA
CTATTAGTTTATTTATTCGACCTCTTGCGCTTGGCGTCCGACTTACAGCCAACCTCACAGCAGGTCACCT
GCTGATTCAACTTATTGCAACTGGAGCATTTGTCCTTCTACCTATTATGCCTACCGTCGCCATTCTTACA
GCCACAGTGCTCTTCCTCTTAACCCTATTAGAAGTAGCTGTTGCAATGATTCAAGCGTATGTCTTCGTAC
TTCTGCTTAGCCTCTATCTACAAGAGAACGTCTAATGGCCCACCAAGCACATGCATTCCACATAGTCGAC
CCCAGCCCTTGACCTTTAACCGGCGCAGTCGGAGCCCTGCTGCTCACATCTGGCACTGCGATCTGATTCC
ACTTCCACTCAACTACACTAGCTACATTAGGATTTATTTTGACAGTCCTTACTATGTACCAGTGATGACG
GGATGTTGTCCGGGAAGGCACTTTCCAAGGTCACCACACACCTCCGGTTCAAAAAGGTCTTCGGTACGGA
ATGATCCTTTTTATTACATCCGAAGTTTTCTTCTTTGCGGGATTCTTCTGGGCATTTTACCACGCTAGCC
TAGCCCCTACCCCTGAACTAGGTGGATGCTGACCTCCTACAGGCATCACAACTCTTGACCCGTTCGAAGT
ACCTCTGCTTAACACAGCAGTCCTTCTTGCATCCGGCGTAACCGTAACATGAGCGCACCACGCCCTAATA
GAAGGGGACCGGAAGCAAGCAATTCAATCTCTCACACTAACAATTCTGTTAGGATTCTACTTTACGTTCC
TACAAGGAATGGAGTACTACGAAGCCCCTTTTACTATTGCGGATGGAGTTTATGGATCTACATTCTTCGT
AGCCACAGGTTTCCACGGACTACATGTTATTATTGGATCAACATTCCTAGCTGTATGCCTATTACGTCAA
GTACTCTACCATTTCACCTCTCATCACCACTTTGGCTTTGAAGCCGCTGCCTGATACTGACACTTTGTGG
ACGTAGTATGATTATTCTTGTACGTCTCTATCTACTGATGAGGATCATAATCTTTCTAGTATAAAGACAA
TACGAATGGCTTCCAACCATTTAATCTTAGTTTAAATCTAAGGAAAGATAATGAACCTAATCACAACAAT
TTTAGCAATCGCAACTGCCTTATCACTCGTGCTAATGACCGTCTCCTTCTGACTTCCACAGATGACCCCT
GATGCAGAGAAGCTATCACCCTACGAATGCGGCTTTGACCCCCTTGGCTCCGCCCGCCTGCCATTTTCTA
TGCGATTCTTCTTGGTTGCAATTCTTTTCCTGCTGTTTGACTTGGAAATCGCTTTACTCCTCCCCCTCCC
ATGAGGAAATCAACTCTTAGAACCTAAAACGACTTTGATCTGAGTAATTGCCGTGCTTGGGCTTCTTACC
CTTGGGCTCGTCTACGAGTGACTTCAAGGGGGGCTTGAGTGAGCCGAATAGAGAGTTAGTCCAAAAAAGA
CTTCTAATTTCGGCTTAGACAATTATGGTGAAAATCCATAACCCTCTTATGACCCCAACACACTTCAGCT
TTACCACAGCGTTTATTCTAGGCCTCTCGGGAGTAGCGTTTCATCGAACCCACCTTCTTTCTGCACTTTT
ATGCTTGGAAGGTATAATGTTGTCACTGTTTATTGCCTTGTCACTCTGGTCATTGCAAGTAGGAGCAACA
AATTTTACACCAGCACCTATGATGCTGCTCGCTTTCTCAGCATGTGAAGCAAGTGCAGGACTAGCGCTAT
TAGTAGCGACAGCTCGTACTCACGGCACCGACCGCCTTCAAAACCTAAGTCTTCTACAATGCTAAAAGTA
CTAATCCCTACTCTTATACTGTTCCCAACTATCTGGCTATCCCCACAGAAGTGACTATGAACTGCTACCA
CCGCACACAGCTTAATCATTGCGCTTCTGAGCTTTAGCTGATTAAACTGACCGTCTGAGACAGGCTGGTC
GGCCTCTAGCACCTACATAGCCATTGATCCCTTATCCTCTCCTCTTCTAGTACTAACATGCTGGCTGCTC
CCATTAATAATCCTAGCTAGCCAGAACCACACACAAGCGGAGCCTATTTCCCGCCAGCGGATGTACATTA
CTTTACTAACCTCCCTTCAAGCTTTCCTTATCTTAGCCTTTGGAGCTACTGAAGTCATCATGTTTTACAT
CATATTTGAGGCCACACTGGTCCCTACTCTAATTATTATTACCCGCTGAGGAAATCAAGCGGAGCGACTC
AACGCGGGAACATACTTTTTATTCTATACCCTAGCGGGATCTCTCCCCCTTCTGGTTGCACTGCTAGCAC
TGCAAGCCTCAACAGGTAGCCTCTCAATAATCACATTGAACTTTAACGAGCTCCCTTCTCTCACTCACCA
GGCCGACAAGCTCTGGTGAGCCGCCTGTCTTCTTGCCTTCCTAGTTAAGATGCCACTTTACGGGGTCCAT
CTTTGACTTCCTAAAGCTCATGTAGAAGCACCCATCGCAGGCTCCATGGTACTTGCTGCAGTCCTCTTGA
AGCTTGGGGGGTACGGCATGATTCGAATTACACCCATCCTTGACCCGCTCACAAAAGAAATGGCCTACCC
CTTTATTGTTCTTGCACTCTGAGGAATCGTAATAACAGGCACCATCTGCTTGCGCCAAACAGACCTGAAA
TCACTCATCGCTTACTCATCAGTAAGCCACATAGGACTTGTAGCTGGTGGGATTCTCACCCAAACTCCTT
GAGGCCTAACCGGTGCAATCATCCTTATAATCGCACACGGACTCACCTCCTCAGCACTTTTCTGTTTAGC
CAACACAAGCTACGAACGGACTCATAGCCGTACAATAGCCCTTGCCCGGGGCATGCAAACCCTATTCCCG
CTAACAGCAACCTGGTGATTCATCGCTAATTTAGCCAACCTGGCCCTTCCTCCTCTCCCAAACCTGATAG
GAGAGATGATGATCATTACCACAATGTTCAACTGATCACCATGATCTATTGTTCTGACAGGACTAGGAAC
CCTGATTACTGCGGGTTATTCACTATACATGTTCTTGATGACACAGCGGGGCCAAACGCCTTCCCACATC
ACCGCACTTCCCCCTTACCACACTCGGGAACACTTATTAATCTCCCTTCATCTTATTCCCATCATTCTTC
TTATGGTTAAACCAGAACTCATATGAGGATGATTCTATTGCAGGTGTAGTTTACTCAAAATGTTGGATTG
TGATTCCAAAGAAAGGGGTTAAACCCCCCTCCCCGGCCGGAGAGAGGCCTGAGGCACAAGAGACTGCTAA
TCTCTTTCCCTACAGTTAAAATCTGTAGCTCACTCGGCTCATGAAGGATAATAGTCATCCGCTGGTCTTA
GGAACCAAAAACTCTTGGTGCAAATCCAAGCAGGAGCTATGCAAACCACCCTTGTAATAACCACATCATT
TATCCTTATCTTTGTCATGCTAGCATACCCCCTTATGACCACAATTAATCCCACCCCTGTGAAAGGCCAA
TGAGCAACCACCCACGTAAAGACCGCGGTTAGCACTGCATTTGCTGTGAGTTTATTACCCCTATTTATCT
TTCTTGACCAGGGACTGGAGGCGGTAGTAACAAACTGGCACTGGATAAACACTTCGACGTTTTCCATTAG
TGTTAGCCTCAAACTTGACTTCTATTCTATTATCTTCACACCAATTGCTCTCTTCGTCACATGGTCGATT
TTAGAATTCGCTGCTTGATACATGCACGAAGACCCTAATATAAACCGCTTCTTTAAATACCTGCTTACCT
TCCTCATCGCCATGATTATTTTAGTTACAGCCAACAACATGTTTCAACTTTTTATTGGCTGAGAAGGCGT
GGGAATCATATCCTTTCTTCTTATCGGCTGATGGTACGGACGGGCAGATGCCAACACCGCTGCACTCCAA
GCTGTTATTTATAACCGAGTAGGGGACATTGGGTTTATTTTAACTATGGCGTGATTTGCCACCAAACTCA
ACTCATGAGAAATTCAACAAATTTTTTCTCTCTCTAAAGACTTTAACACGACGCTACCTGCACTGGGACT
GGTCATTGCTGCCACAGGGAAATCCGCACAATTTGGGCTGCATCCCTGACTTCCCTCTGCAATGGAAGGC
CCTACCCCAGTCTCTGCCCTACTACACTCGAGCACTATGGTGGTTGCAGGCATCTTCTTACTGATCCGCC
TACACCCATTCATAGCATCGAACGAAACTATCATAACCATCTGCCTTTGCCTCGGTGCACTAACAACACT
ATTTACCGCTACATGCGCTTTAACCCAGAATGATATCAAGAAAATCGTAGCTTTTTCCACCTCTAGTCAG
CTGGGTCTAATAATAGTAACGATTGGGCTCAACCAACCACAACTTGCCTTCCTCCACATTTGCACTCACG
CATTCTTTAAAGCCATGCTCTTCCTCTGCTCCGGGTCCATTATTCACAGCCTAAATGATGAGCAGGACAT
TCGTAAAATGGGAGGACTTCACCACCTGGCACCCTTTACTTCCACCTGTACAACAATCGGAAGCTTGGCC
CTTACGGGGACCCCATTTTTGGCCGGATTCTTCTCCAAAGACGCAATCATCGAAGCCCTAAACACCTCAC
ACCTAAACGCCTGAGCCCTTATCTTAACCCTAGTGGCAACTTCTTTCACAGCTGCTTATAGCCTCCGAGT
GATCTTCTTTGTTTCCATGGGAACCCCTCGATTCCTGCCGCTATCACCCATTAACGAGAATGACCCTCAA
GTAATTAACCCAATCAAGCGATTGGCTTGAGGAAGCATTGTTGCGGGCCTAATTCTTACCTCTAATATTC
TCCCCTTAAATACTCCTATCATAACCATGCCTCCTGTGCTTAAGCTAGCTGCCCTTCTTGTCACGATCAT
TGGACTTCTCACCGCGTTGGAACTAGCAAACCTCACATCAAAGCAAGTGAAGATTACTCCGACTATCAAA
GTACACAACTTCTCGAATGCATTAGGGTACTTCCCTACTACAGTTCACCGCCTGGTTCCTAAAGTCACTC
TTATTATAGGACAAACGATGGCTAACCAAATGGCTGATCAGACATGGCTGGAGGCCTCCGGCCCTAAAGG
CTTATCATCTGTGCAACTAAAAATATCTTCTATCACCAGCGACATGCAACAGGGGATGATCAAAACCTAC
CTCACTACTTTCCTCATCACCCTAGCGCTGGCAACACTAATAGTCCTAATCTAAACGGCTCGGAGAGTCG
CTCGATCCACCCCTCGGACAATCTCAAGCACAACAAACAGAGTTAGTAACAGAACCGCAGCACAAATTAC
TAACAAGCCTCCCCCCATGGAGTACATTACCCCTACACCACCAGTATCTTCGGATAACACAAAGAATTCC
TTGAAAGTGCTCACCGAGGGTAACAGATAGTTATACCAGTCCCCACTAAAATAACCCGCGGCTACGGCTA
CCGCAACTAAGTAACATACCACATACTCTAACACCGAGGCCTCCCATCAGCCCTCCGGATGGGGCTCGGC
TGCCAAAGCTGCCGAGTAGGCAAACACAACCAGTATTCCTCCCAAATAAATTAAGAATAACACCAGCGCC
AGGAAAGAAGCTCCGCACCCAGCCAAGATAGCGCACCCTGCTCCAGCCACCACAACCAACCCAAGGGCTG
CAAAGTAGGGTGCTGGGTTAGACGCTACCCCTACCAACCCTAAAATTAACAGTAATAGTCATCCACAAAA
TAAGTAAGACATAATTTCCACTCGGACTTTAACCAAGACTAATGACTTGAAAAACCACCGTTGTTATTCA
ACTATAGAAACCTCTAATGGCAAGCCTACGAAAAACCCACCCCCTACTCAAGATCGCTAACGACGCAGTA
GTAGACCTCCCAGCACCATCCAACATTTCAGTCTGATGAAATTTTGGATCCCTTTTAGGACTATGCTTGG
CCACACAAATCCTTACAGGACTTTTCCTAGCCATACACTACACCTCAGACATCGCTACCGCTTTCTCGTC
AGTGGCCCACATTTGTCGAGACGTAAATTACGGATGACTAATCCGAAATATGCATGCAAACGGAGCCTCA
TTCTTCTTCATCTGCATTTATGCACACATTGCTCGAGGACTGTACTACGGTTCTTATCTTTACATAGAAA
CTTGAAACATCGGAGTAGTACTACTTCTTTTAGTTATGATGACTGCCTTCGTTGGGTACGTACTTCCCTG
AGGACAAATGTCCTTCTGAGGAGCAACTGTTATTACTAACCTTATGTCTGCAGTTCCTTACGTGGGCACT
GAATTAGTGCAGTGAATTTGAGGAGGCTTTTCGGTCGACAACGCGACTCTTACCCGGTTCTTCGCCTTCC
ACTTCTTATTCCCCTTCGTTATTGCAGGTGTTACTATCCTTCACCTTTTATTTTTACACGAAACAGGGTC
TAACAACCCAGCAGGGCTCAATTCTGACGCCGATAAAATCGCATTCCACCCATACTTCTCTTATAAAGAT
CTCTTAGGATTCGCAGTAATGCTGCTGGCGCTAACCTCGCTGGCATTATTCTCCCCTAACTTATTAGGAG
ACCCTGATAATTTTACCCCAGCTAATCCCCTTGTCACCCCACCTCATATTAAGCCTGAGTGATACTTCCT
CTTTGCTTACGCTATTCTCCGATCCATCCCAAACAAACTAGGCGGAGTACTTGCCCTCCTATTTTCTATC
CTAGTTCTTATGGTCGTACCTATCTTGCACACCTCTAAACAACGAGGAATTACTTTCCGACCCATTACGC
AGTTCCTATTCTGAACCCTTGTTGCCGACGTCATCATTCTTACATGAATCGGAGGTATGCCAGTCGAACA
CCCATTCATTATTATTGGTCAAGTAGCATCGCTACTCTACTTCTCTATTTTCCTTGTACTAGCTCCCATG
GCAGGATGATTAGAGAACAAAGCCCTAAACTGAAACTGCCCTAGTAGCTTAGCGTTTTAAAGCGCCGGTC
TTGTAATCCGGAAACGGAGGTTAAAATCCTCCCTGAGGCCCAAAGGGAAGAGGCTTGAACTCCCACCACT
AGCTCCCAAAGCTAGCATTCTAAAGTTAAACTACCCTCTGGTAATGCGGCCGCCGCGCCCAAGTAGTGCT
TGATGCCCTTAGGCAGTTCAAGCACTGGTTCATGACTGCGCAGAGCATTCATGGACATATATGTATTATT
TTACATATATTATGGTGTTAACCCATATATGCATAATATTACATACATTATGGTGTTAATACATACTATG
TATAACTTTACACTACTTATGCATGAGTAAATACCTTAAGGTATAATATACTGAATCTAAGGACATAAAA
ACATTATCAACATATATATAACTAAACCCAACCAAGTAACAATAAAACTTAGACAGACATAAACTGCAAA
CAGAATACTCACAAAGAACTCCAACACAGCTGAGTAATAGAGTGATCCCCATAACTCTGTTTAACCATTT
TCTATGCGTTCCCCAACATTACTCGATAACTCACTTAATTAATGTAGTAAAGTCCCACCATCGATTGCAT
CCTAATGTGGATCATGAATGATGGTCAGGTCCATTTATCGTGGGGGTCGCACAGAATGAATTATTTCTGG
CCTCTGGTTCCTTCGTCAGGTTCCCTTATCACATAAACCCCACATCAGTCGCACTTTCGCGCATAAGTTA
ATGCATGTGAATCGAACCCACTTTACCCACCATGCCGAGCGTTCACTCTAAGGGGCATCTGGTATTTTTT
TTTCGTCTACCTTTCACTTGGCATTTGGCGGGGTCCTTCCTAATGTTAGTTCCATAAGGTTGAACATTTT
CCTTGCTTGCGATTTCTTCATGTTCAATACTTCACCACCATTCTTATAAGAATTGCATAAGTGATTTCAA
GAGCATAAACTATCGTTATTTACTCCTTATTCCCCTATTTATGTGGCCCTCCCTGCTTCAAAAAATCGAC
GTTTTCGCGCGACAAACCCCCTTACCCCCTACGACCCAGACAAGCCTATTTTTTTCTGTCAAACCCCGAA
ACCAGGAAAGACCGGACTGGCGTATTCTAGCGAGTTTCGTTTGTGTGCTAGTCTTATAGTGCTGCAAAAA
TGAAATTTCGTTTA


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.