Viewing data for Bucorvus leadbeateri


Scientific name Bucorvus leadbeateri
Common name Southern ground hornbill
Maximum lifespan 70.00 years (Bucorvus leadbeateri@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 17061 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 8004 9057 5571 2433 3833 5224
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 469 531 327 143 225 306
Base content (%) 46.9% 53.1%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11376 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5467 5909 4015 1452 2543 3366
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 481 519 353 128 224 296
Base content (%) 48.1% 51.9%
D-loop (size: 1490 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 602 888 398 204 403 485
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 404 596 267 137 270 326
Base content (%) 40.4% 59.6%
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1542 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 677 865 411 266 368 497
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 439 561 267 173 239 322
Base content (%) 43.9% 56.1%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2573 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1214 1359 708 506 509 850
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 472 528 275 197 198 330
Base content (%) 47.2% 52.8%
12S rRNA gene (size: 976 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 477 499 276 201 196 303
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 489 511 283 206 201 310
Base content (%) 48.9% 51.1%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1597 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 737 860 432 305 313 547
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 461 539 271 191 196 343
Base content (%) 46.1% 53.9%

ATP6 (size: 683 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 313 370 240 73 165 205
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 458 542 351 107 242 300
Base content (%) 45.8% 54.2%
ATP8 (size: 167 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 76 91 65 11 35 56
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 455 545 389 66 210 335
Base content (%) 45.5% 54.5%
COX1 (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 767 784 505 262 372 412
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 495 505 326 169 240 266
Base content (%) 49.5% 50.5%
COX2 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 319 365 223 96 159 206
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 466 534 326 140 232 301
Base content (%) 46.6% 53.4%
COX3 (size: 784 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 382 402 266 116 181 221
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 487 513 339 148 231 282
Base content (%) 48.7% 51.3%
CYTB (size: 1143 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 570 573 422 148 260 313
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 499 501 369 129 227 274
Base content (%) 49.9% 50.1%
ND1 (size: 978 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 486 492 344 142 237 255
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 497 503 352 145 242 261
Base content (%) 49.7% 50.3%
ND2 (size: 1039 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 476 563 366 110 232 331
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 458 542 352 106 223 319
Base content (%) 45.8% 54.2%
ND3 (size: 351 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 161 190 120 41 88 102
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 459 541 342 117 251 291
Base content (%) 45.9% 54.1%
ND4 (size: 1378 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 651 727 502 149 321 406
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 472 528 364 108 233 295
Base content (%) 47.2% 52.8%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 147 150 107 40 67 83
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 495 505 360 135 226 279
Base content (%) 49.5% 50.5%
ND5 (size: 1815 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 865 950 653 212 380 570
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 477 523 360 117 209 314
Base content (%) 47.7% 52.3%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 257 265 203 54 52 213
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 492 508 389 103 100 408
Base content (%) 49.2% 50.8%

ATP6 (size: 683 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 8 (3.54%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 14 (6.19%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (5.75%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 27 (11.95%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 8 (3.54%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 57 (25.22%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 21 (9.29%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.87%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (7.52%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 8 (3.54%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (1.33%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 4 (1.77%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.77%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (4.42%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.54%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (1.33%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.21%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
4 17 9 5 14 31 3 4 7 1 2 2 3 1 2 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 1 3 8 3 0 1 3 2 2 2 6 8 1 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
5 13 2 1 4 3 1 1 3 1 2 1 0 1 9 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 4 0 0 1 2 2 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 3
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
35 86 77 29
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
22 67 33 105
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
16 87 94 30
ATP8 (size: 167 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPNPWFLIMLTSWLTLSLIIQPKLLTFHSTNSPTNKMLPPTKTATWPWPWS
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 1 (1.85%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 5 (9.26%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (14.81%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 0 (0%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 9 (16.67%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (5.56%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 3 (5.56%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 9 (16.67%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 2 (3.7%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.26%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 0 (0%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (7.41%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (3.7%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (1.85%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (5.56%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 2 2 0 5 2 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 3 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
1 21 21 12
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
5 23 10 17
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
5 21 24 5
COX1 (size: 1551 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 47 (9.11%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 46 (8.91%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 25 (4.84%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 43 (8.33%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 33 (6.4%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 62 (12.02%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 42 (8.14%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 26 (5.04%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 29 (5.62%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 41 (7.95%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 18 (3.49%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (1.94%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (1.94%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 19 (3.68%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.74%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 31 19 5 15 34 6 2 10 0 2 13 15 3 7 34
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 0 1 10 22 11 3 5 22 13 7 4 9 14 2 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
19 14 1 2 13 6 1 0 3 3 15 3 0 1 14 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
14 10 0 3 12 9 0 0 2 6 0 0 1 0 0 14
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
151 126 139 101
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
77 140 96 204
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
34 239 177 67
COX2 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 20 (8.81%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 16 (7.05%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 15 (6.61%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 31 (13.66%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (7.93%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (5.29%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (3.08%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 15 (6.61%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
3 15 9 4 9 16 1 1 6 1 1 9 4 1 3 7
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 3 3 6 5 0 1 4 3 0 3 3 6 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 6 0 0 8 9 0 1 2 0 7 0 0 0 4 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 14 1 5 8 3 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
65 63 56 44
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
24 59 60 85
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
7 101 90 30
COX3 (size: 784 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 20 (7.69%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 20 (7.69%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 19 (7.31%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 24 (9.23%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.38%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 34 (13.08%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 15 (5.77%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 23 (8.85%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.54%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (3.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 17 (6.54%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.54%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.54%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
4 11 7 2 7 20 2 3 10 0 1 6 5 1 7 16
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 1 2 10 8 0 1 9 8 2 3 6 3 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
11 11 1 1 9 4 0 2 3 0 8 0 0 1 4 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
16 6 2 0 4 4 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
65 74 61 61
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
42 70 56 93
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
9 122 104 26
CYTB (size: 1143 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 25 (6.58%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 28 (7.37%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 24 (6.32%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 32 (8.42%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (1.05%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 14 (3.68%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 66 (17.37%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 30 (7.89%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (2.63%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (6.32%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 27 (7.11%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (3.42%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 7 (1.84%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 7 (1.84%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 18 (4.74%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 13 (3.42%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.63%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
3 27 8 8 19 32 4 3 8 0 0 5 8 1 3 24
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 2 2 3 19 6 0 0 13 10 2 0 10 12 2 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
16 13 1 3 13 5 1 0 2 2 11 2 0 1 17 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
11 6 1 2 5 10 0 1 5 3 0 0 0 1 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
81 117 102 81
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
51 106 77 147
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
16 199 134 32
ND1 (size: 978 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 13 (4.0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 33 (10.15%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 29 (8.92%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 23 (7.08%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.92%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 12 (3.69%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 64 (19.69%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 22 (6.77%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 13 (4.0%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 25 (7.69%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 18 (5.54%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (4.0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.46%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.38%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (3.38%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (0.62%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.15%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.46%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
4 18 8 5 17 27 7 8 4 2 2 2 7 1 4 14
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 3 3 17 12 1 1 7 4 1 3 14 7 1 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 9 1 4 9 8 2 0 6 2 11 0 0 1 10 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 7 4 1 3 4 3 1 1 5 1 0 1 0 0 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
73 97 83 73
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
39 104 54 129
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
30 143 118 35
ND2 (size: 1039 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 30 (8.7%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 29 (8.41%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 51 (14.78%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 6 (1.74%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 60 (17.39%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 30 (8.7%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 22 (6.38%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 19 (5.51%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 14 (4.06%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.03%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (2.32%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.16%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 23 19 5 20 24 7 3 8 0 0 2 3 1 1 13
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 1 6 13 9 2 2 3 4 4 1 5 11 2 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
27 18 1 5 6 14 0 0 4 1 6 1 1 3 10 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 5 0 0 1 12 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
55 97 133 61
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
32 125 57 132
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
23 144 141 38
ND3 (size: 1039 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 30 (8.7%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 29 (8.41%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 51 (14.78%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 6 (1.74%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 60 (17.39%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 30 (8.7%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 22 (6.38%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 19 (5.51%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 14 (4.06%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.03%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (2.32%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.16%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 23 19 5 20 24 7 3 8 0 0 2 3 1 1 13
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 1 6 13 9 2 2 3 4 4 1 5 11 2 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
27 18 1 5 6 14 0 0 4 1 6 1 1 3 10 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 5 0 0 1 12 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
55 97 133 61
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
32 125 57 132
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
23 144 141 38
ND4 (size: 1378 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 34 (7.42%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 39 (8.52%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 53 (11.57%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.66%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 103 (22.49%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 31 (6.77%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 23 (5.02%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 17 (3.71%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (2.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 9 (1.97%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 13 (2.84%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 13 (2.84%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 20 (4.37%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
6 25 17 7 25 50 8 13 12 1 3 5 2 0 3 14
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 1 2 5 16 12 1 1 11 6 0 1 16 11 0 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
23 22 1 5 13 12 0 2 7 3 7 2 0 2 11 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
16 8 1 1 1 8 2 0 3 7 1 0 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
73 162 139 85
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
53 145 77 184
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
23 195 190 51
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 9 (9.18%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (13.27%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 9 (9.18%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 20 (20.41%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 3 5 0 3 13 2 2 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 1 2 1 5 3 0 0 3 1 0 0 1 2 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 2 0 2 4 3 0 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 3 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
5 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
20 31 26 22
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
14 30 18 37
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
6 46 39 8
ND5 (size: 1815 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 33 (5.46%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 52 (8.61%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 55 (9.11%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 74 (12.25%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 5 (0.83%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 14 (2.32%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 106 (17.55%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 46 (7.62%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 27 (4.47%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 29 (4.8%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 28 (4.64%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (1.99%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (1.99%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 6 (0.99%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (1.99%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 27 (4.47%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 20 (3.31%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 14 (2.32%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 23 (3.81%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (1.49%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 35 25 9 29 56 7 4 19 1 1 6 5 2 5 23
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 5 5 32 13 2 1 14 16 2 3 10 16 0 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
38 27 1 4 23 15 0 2 11 0 12 0 1 3 24 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
13 12 0 2 4 19 4 0 4 5 0 1 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
117 173 211 104
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
73 197 114 221
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
22 283 245 55
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 30 (17.34%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (9.25%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 11 (6.36%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 28 (16.18%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 28 (16.18%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 14 (8.09%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 0 (0%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
4 1 0 2 0 0 3 7 0 0 11 1 1 15 13 1
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 1 0 7 2 3 4 10 0 3 17 2 1 0 1 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 0 0 4 1 0 3 3 0 5 2 5 16 0 1 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 0 2 4 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 2
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
80 13 20 61
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
45 31 16 82
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
78 10 16 70
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11391 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 224 (5.91%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 304 (8.01%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 291 (7.67%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 373 (9.83%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 27 (0.71%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 158 (4.17%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 668 (17.61%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 277 (7.3%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 170 (4.48%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 218 (5.75%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 214 (5.64%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 102 (2.69%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 109 (2.87%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 61 (1.61%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 92 (2.43%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 127 (3.35%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 98 (2.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 114 (3.01%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 89 (2.35%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 71 (1.87%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
62 215 131 55 168 324 52 51 90 8 24 51 56 27 48 166
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
39 5 22 49 153 88 14 23 92 71 38 23 89 97 9 52
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
170 142 9 33 107 86 8 11 46 18 84 14 18 15 112 18
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
96 78 14 18 43 74 15 4 23 39 5 1 2 3 1 95
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
839 1100 1096 759
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
491 1129 687 1487
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
273 1637 1426 458

>NC_015199.1 Bucorvus leadbeateri mitochondrion, complete genome
ATGACCCAACCCCCCATCCTAACCTACCTCACCATATCCCTGTCCTATGCCATCCCGATCTTAATTGCAG
TTGCCTTCCTGACACTAGTAGAACGAAAAATCCTAAGCTACATACAAGCCCGAAAGGGTCCCAACATCGT
AGGACCCTTCGGCCTCTTACAGCCCGTAGCTGATGGGGTAAAACTATTTACCAAAGAACCCATCCGACCA
TCAACTGCCTCTCCACTTCTCTTCGTCGCAACGCCCATACTAGCCCTCCTCCTAGCAATTACAATCTGAA
TCCCCCTCCCTCTGCCCTTTTCTCTAACTGACTTAAACCTGGGCTTACTATTCCTTCTTGCTATGTCAAG
CCTAGCAGTGTACTCCATCCTATGATCGGGCTGAGCTTCAAACTCAAAATATGCCCTCATCGGCGCACTA
CGGGCAGTTGCACAGACCATCTCATACGAAGTCACACTAGCCATCATCCTACTATCCATGATTGTACTAA
GCGGAAATTACACACTAAGCACTCTCTCTACCACCCAAGAGCCCTTATACCTCATCTTCTCCTCCTGACC
CCTAGCCATAATGTGATACATCTCCACACTCGCCGAAACAAACCGTGCCCCATTTGACCTAACAGAGGGA
GAATCAGAGCTCGTATCCGGCTTCAACGTAGAATACGCAGCCGGACCATTCGCCCTATTCTTCCTGGCCG
AATACGCGAACATCATACTAATAAACGCCCTAACAACCATCCTATTCTTTAACCCAAGCTCACTTAACCT
GCCCCCCGAGTTATTCTCAGCAGCCCTAGCCGCAAAGACTCTACTCCTCTCGTCTGGCTTCCTATGAATT
CGAGCCTCCTACCCACGATTCCGCTACGACCAACTCATACACCTGCTCTGAAAGAACTTCCTCCCCATGA
CATTAGCACTATGCCTCTGACACACCAGCATACCAATCTGCCTTGCAGGCCTACCTCCTTGCTTAAGGAA
ATGTGCCTGAATGCAAAGGGTCACTATGATAAAGTGAACATAGAGGTATACCAGCCCTCTCATTTCCTAT
CAAAGCCCCCAAGCCTTAGAAAAGTAGGAATCGAACCTACACATAAGAGATCAAAACCCTTCATACTCCC
CTTATATTATTTTCTAGTAAGGTCAGCTAACAAAGCTATCGGGCCCATACCCCGAAAATGATGGTTTAAC
CCCTTCCCCTACTAATGAATCCGCATGCAAAACTAATCACCTCCGTAAGCCTCCTCCTCGGAACAACCAT
TACAATCTCAAGCAACCACTGAGCAATAGCCTGAACCGGGCTGGAAATCAACACCCTTGCTATCATCCCA
CTCATCTCAAAATCCCACCACCCCCGAGCTATTGAAGCCGCAGTAAAATACTTCCTGGTCCAAGCAGCTG
CTTCCGCTATAATCCTATTCTCAAGCATGATCAACGCATGACACACAGGGCAATGAGACATCACCCAAAT
AACCCATACTACCTCCTGCCTCTTACTGACCGCGGCCGTCTCAATAAAACTGGGCCTAGTGCCATTTCAC
TTCTGATTCCCAGAAACACTTCAAGGATCTACCCTAATAACTGCCTTACTCCTATCAACAATAATAAAAT
TCCCCCCTCTTACAATTATACTCCTAACATCAAATTCTCTAAACCCAGCCCTACTCACCACCATAGCCAT
TGCCTCAGCAGCCCTGGGGGGATGAATAGGGCTAAACCAAACTCAAACACGCAAGATCCTGGCCTTCTCT
TCTATTTCACACCTAGGTTGAATAATCATCATTATCGCCTACAACCCAAAACTAACCCTACTAACCTTCT
ACCTATACACCATAATAACCACCACCGTATTCATTACCCTCAACACAACCAAAACCCTCAGCCTATCAAC
AGCCATAACATCATGAACAAAAGCCCCAATACTAAATGCGACATTCATACTAACCCTCCTCTCCCTCGCA
GGTCTTCCCCCCATAACAGGCTTCCTACCAAAATGACTCATCCTACAAGAACTCATCAAACAAGAAATGA
CCCCAACGGGCACAATCATCGCTATCCTGTCACTCTTGGGATTATTCTTCTATCTCCGCCTAGCATACTA
CTCAACAATCACACTCCCACCAAACTCTACCAACCACATAAAACGATGGCACATCAACAAACCAACAACC
ACCTTCACTGCCATCCTAACCTCACTATCAATCCTCCTTCTACCGCTCTCCCCCATAATCCTAGCAACTA
CCTAGAAACTTAGGATAGCCCAAAACCGAAGGCCTTCAAAGCCTTAAACAAGAGTTAAACCCTCTTAGTT
TCTGCTAAGACCCGTAGGATACTACCCTACATCTCCTGAATGCAACTCAGACACTTTAATTAAGCCAGGA
TCTTAGCCTAGGCAGGCGGGCCTCGATCCCGCAATTCCCCTAGTTAACAGCTAGATGCCCAAACCAACAG
GCTTCTGCCTACTAGGCCCCGACACACTTTTAATGTGTATCAATGAGCTTGCAACTCAACATGAACTTCA
CCACAGGGCCGATAAGAAGGGGAATTGAACCCCTGTAAAAAGGACTACAGCCTAACGCCTAATACATTCA
GCCATCTTACCCGTGACCCTCATCAACCGATGACTATTCTCAACCAACCACAAAGATATCGGCACACTTT
ACCTAATCTTTGGTGCCTGAGCTGGCATGGTGGGTACTGCTCTAAGCCTCCTCATCCGAGCAGAACTGGG
CCAACCAGGCACCCTCTTAGGAGACGACCAAATCTACAACGTCATCGTCACTGCCCATGCCTTCGTAATG
ATTTTCTTCATGGTAATACCAATCATGATCGGAGGATTTGGCAACTGACTAGTACCACTTATAATCGGCG
CCCCGGACATAGCATTTCCCCGCATAAACAATATGAGCTTCTGACTACTACCCCCATCCTTCCTACTTCT
TCTGGCCTCCGCCACCGTGGAAGCTGGGGCCGGCACAGGGTGAACAGTCTACCCCCCACTAGCTGGCAAC
CTAGCCCATGCAGGAGCTTCAGTAGACCTAACCATCTTCTCCCTCCACCTAGCTGGTGTATCCTCCATCC
TAGGGGCAATCAACTTCATTACAACTGCTATCAACATAAAACCGCCAACCCTAACACAATACCAAACCCC
ACTATTCGTATGGTCCGTCCTCATCACTGCTGTCCTACTCCTCCTCTCCCTACCTGTACTAGCTGCGGGA
ATCACTATACTCTTAACCGACCGAAACCTAAACACTACATTCTTCGACCCTGCCGGAGGGGGCGACCCTG
TCCTATATCAACACCTATTCTGATTCTTCGGCCACCCCGAAGTCTACATCCTAATTCTACCAGGCTTCGG
AATCATCTCGCATGTAGTAGCATACTACGCGGGCAAAAAAGAACCATTTGGCTACATAGGCATAGTTTGG
GCAATACTATCCATCGGGTTCCTCGGCTTTATCGTATGAGCCCACCACATATTCACAGTAGGAATAGACG
TCGACACCCGCGCATACTTTACATCCGCCACAATAATCATCGCCATCCCAACAGGCATTAAAGTTTTCAG
CTGACTCGCAACCCTACATGGAGGAACCATTAAATGAGATCCTCCCATGCTATGAGCCCTAGGCTTCATC
TTCCTCTTCACCATCGGAGGCCTGACTGGAATTGTCCTAGCAAACTCTTCACTAGACATCGCCCTGCATG
ACACATACTACGTAGTAGCCCACTTCCACTATGTCCTTTCAATAGGGGCCGTCTTCGCCATTCTAGCGGG
ATTCACCCACTGATTCCCCCTATTCACAGGGTACACTCTACACCAAACATGGGCTAAAGCACACTTCGGC
GTCATATTCACGGGTGTAAACCTCACCTTCTTCCCCCAACACTTCCTAGGCCTAGCCGGTATGCCCCGAC
GATATTCCGATTACCCAGACGCCTACACCATCTGAAACACCATATCTTCCATTGGCTCACTCATCTCCAT
AACAGCCGTAATCATACTGATATTTATAATTTGAGAAGCCTTCGCATCCAAACGAAAAATCCTACAATCA
GAACTGACCACCACTAACATTGAATGAATTCACGGCTGCCCACCCCCATACCACACCTTCGAAGAACCAG
CCTTCGTCCAAATCCAAGAAAGGAAGGAATCGAACCCTCTTACACTAGTTTCAAGCCAGCCGCATTAAAC
CAATTATGCTTCTTTCTTATGAGACGTTAGTAAACCAATTACATAGCCTTGTCAAGACTAAATCACAGGT
GAAAGCCCTGTACATCTCACATGGCTAACCACTCACAATTCGGATTCCAAGACGCCTCCTCCCCCATCAT
AGAAGAACTCGTAGAATTCCATGACCACGCCCTAATAGTGGCACTAGCAATCTGCAGCTTAGTCCTATAC
CTCCTAGCCCTAATACTAACAGAAAAACTATCCTCAAGTACTGTCGATGCACAGGAAATCGAACTAATCT
GAACAATCCTACCTGCTATCGTCCTCATCCTACTTGCCCTGCCATCACTCCAAATCCTATACATGATAGA
CGAAATTGATGAGCCAGACCTTACCCTTAAGGCTATCGGCCACCAATGATACTGATCCTACGAATACACA
GACTTTAAAGACCTAATATTCGACTCATACATAGTCCCAACAACAGAACTTCCCATAGGCCACTTCCGCC
TCCTAGAAACCGACCACCGTGTTGTCATCCCAATAGAATCACTCATCCGCATCATCGTCACCGCCGATGA
TGTACTCCACTCCTGAGCAGTCCCCACCCTAGGAGTAAAAACTGATGCAATTCCTGGCCGACTAAACCAA
ACATCATTTATCACCACTCGACCTGGAGTCTTCTACGGTCAATGCTCAGAAATTTGCGGCGCCAACCACA
GCTTCATACCAATCGTCGTAGAATCCACCCCACTCACCCATTTTGAAAACTGATCATCCCTACTCTCCTC
ATAACCATTAAGAAGCTATGCATTAGCATTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAAAGAAAGAGGAACTACCACCTCCTTA
ATGAAATGCCACAGCTCAACCCCAATCCATGATTCCTCATCATACTAACATCATGACTCACCCTCTCACT
GATTATCCAACCTAAACTACTGACATTCCACTCAACTAATTCACCCACAAACAAGATACTCCCCCCCACA
AAAACCGCCACCTGACCCTGACCATGATCATAAGCTTCTTTGACCAATTTACAAGTCCGTGCTTCCTGGG
GGTTCCCCTAATCCTACTGTCAATGGTCTTCCCAACATTACTACTACCTACACCAAACAATCGATGGATC
ACTAACCGCCTATCCACTCTTCAACTATGACTATTAAACTCGATTACAAAGCAACTAATAATCCCCCTAA
ACAAAAAGGGACACAAATGAGCCATCATCCTCACATCACTAATAATACTCCTACTCACAATTAACCTACT
AGGCCTATTACCCTACACATTCACCCCAACTACCCAACTATCCATAAACATAGCCCTAGCCTTCCCACTA
TGACTTGCCACCCTGCTTACGGGCCTACGAAACCAACCTTCTATCTCCCTAGGTCACCTCCTACCCGAAG
GCACGCCCACACCCCTTATCCCAGCCCTAATCATAATCGAAACTACAAGCCTACTCATCCGCCCACTAGC
CCTCGGAGTCCGCCTTACTGCCAACCTCACAGCAGGGCACCTACTCATCCAACTCATCTCCACAGCTACC
ACTGCTCTCCTCCCAATCATACCAACAGTATCAATCCTAACCGCAACAATTCTACTCCTACTCACTATCC
TAGAAGTGGCAGTAGCTATAATCCAGGCCTATGTATTCGTTCTCCTACTAAGCCTATACTTACAAGAAAA
CATTTAATGGCCCACCAAGCACACTCCTACCACATAGTAGACCCCAGCCCCTGACCTATCTTTGGCGCAA
CTGCTGCACTTCTCACCACATCCGGACTAACCATATGATTCCACCACAACTCCCCACAACTCCTAACCTT
AGGCCTCCTATCCATAGGCCTAGTCATACTACAATGATGACGAGACATTGTACGCGAAAGTACATTCCAA
GGCCATCACACCCCCACAGTCCAAAAAGGCTTACGATACGGAATAATCCTCTTCATCACATCAGAAGCAT
TCTTCTTCCTGGGCTTCTTTTGAGCATTCTTCCACTCTAGCCTAGCCCCAACCCCAGAACTAGGGGGCCA
ATGACCTCCTACAGGAATCAAACCCCTGAACCCCCTAGAAGTCCCCCTACTAAACACCGCCATCCTACTA
GCCTCCGGCGTTACCGTGACATGAACCCACCACAGCATCACAGAGGGCAATCAAAAACAAGCAATTCAAG
CACTAACCCTAACAATTCTCCTAGGACTATACTTCACAGCCCTTCAAGCCATAGAATACCACGAAACGTC
CTTTTCAATTGCTGACAGTGTATACGGTTCAACCTTCTTTGTCGCCACAGGATTTCACGGACTACACGTA
ATCATCGGATCCTCCTTCCTAGCCGTCTGCCTCCTACGACTAATCAAATTCCACTTCACATCCAACCACC
ACTTTGGATTTGAGGCCGCAGCCTGATACTGACACTTCGTAGACGTCATCTGATTATTCCTCTACATAAC
CATCTACTGATGAGGGTCATGCTCTTCTAGTATACTAATTACAATTGACTTCCACTCTCTAAAATCTGGT
AAAACCCCAGAGAAGAGCAATTAACATAATCACATTCATACTTATTCTATCCCTAGCCCTAAGCACCATC
CTATCCCTACTAAACTTCTGACTTGCGCAAACAAACCCAGACTCAGAAAAACTCTCCCCATACGAATGCG
GCTTCGACCCCCTAGGATCTGCACGACTACCATTCTCAGTACGATTCTTCCTCAGTAGCCATCCTATTCC
TCCTATTCGACCTAGAAATCGCACTCCTACTTCCCCTCCCCTGAGCTATTCAACTCCAATCTCCAACCAC
CACCCTAACCTGAACCTCCACTATCATCCTACTACTAACACTAGGCCTAATCTATGAGTGAATACAGGGG
GGCTTAGAATGAGCAGAATAACCAGAAAGTTAGTCTAACCAAGACAGTTGATTTCGACTCAACAGATCAT
AGCCCACCCTATGACTTTCTCCATGTCCCCCCTACACCTAAGCTTCTACTCTGCATTCACCCTAAGCAGC
CTAGGACTAGCCTTCCACCGAACCCACCTAATCTCCGCCCTGCTATGCTTAGAGAGCATAATACTATCAA
TATACATTGCCCTGGCAATATGACCAGTAGAAAACCAAACCACATCATCCACCCTAATCCCAATCCTCGT
GCTAACCTTCTCAGCATGCGAGGCCGGCACTGGCTTAGCTATACTAGTTGCCTCTACACGAACCCACGGC
TCCGACCACCTCCATAACCTAAACCTCCTACAATGTTAAAAATCATCATCCCAACAATCATATTACTCCC
CACAGCCCTGCTATCCCCCCATAAACACCTATGAACTAACACTACCTCACACAGCCTCCTCATTGCCGCC
CTTAGCCTACAATGACTCCTCCCATCACACTACCCCCACAAAAACCTATCCCAATGAACAGCCACAGACC
AAATCTCCTCCCCCCTCCTAGTTCTCTCTTGTTGACTACTCCCCCTCATAATGCTAGCAAGCCAAAATCA
CCTCCAACACGAACCCCCAACCCGCAAGCGAATCTTCATCACAACCCTAATCCTAGTCCAACCATTCATC
ATATTAGCCTTCTCCGCCACTGAGCTAATGCTATTCTACGTCTCATTCGAAGCCACCTTAATTCCCACCC
TCATCCTAATCACACGATGGGGAAACCAGCCAGAACGACTAAGTGCTGGCATTTACCTCCTATTCTACAC
CCTCATAAGCTCATTACCACTGCTAGTTGCAATCTTATTCCTCCACACACAAACAGGCTCCCTACATCTT
ACAATACTAAAACTGACTCACCCCACACTTACCAACTCTTGATCTACACTCCTACTAGGCTTTGCGCTAC
TAACAGCATTCATAGTAAAAGCCCCCCTATACGGCCTCCACCTATGACTACCCAAAGCCCACGTTGAAGC
ACCAATTGCCGGATCCATACTACTTGCCGCCCTCCTACTAAAACTAGGAGGCTATGGCATCATGCGAGCC
ACCCTACTAACCGGTCCCCTCTCAACCTCCTTACACTATCCATTCTTAACCCTAGCTTTATGAGGAGCCT
TTATAACAAGTTCAATCTGCCTACGCCAAACAGATCTGAAATCACTAATCGCATACTCCTCAGTCAGCCA
TATAGGCCTAGTCATCGCTGCAAGCATAATCCAAACCCACTGATCATTCTCAGGCGCTATAATCCTAATA
ATCTCCCACGGCCTTACTTCCTCCATACTATTCTGCCTGGCAAACACAAATTATGAACGCACACACAGCC
GAACTCTCCTGCTAACACGAGGCCTACAACCCCTACTACCTCTCATGGCTACATGATGGCTGCTCGCCAA
CCTAACAAACATAGCACTACCCCCAACCACAAACTTAATAGCAGAATTAACCATTATAACCGCACTATTC
AACTGATCCCCCTTTACTATCTTCCTAACCGGAGTCGCAACCCTTCTAACCGCCTCTTACACCCTATTCA
TACTCCTGACAACCCAACGAGGCCCCCTACCAACCCATATCACCTCTGTACAAAACTCAAACACGCGGGA
ACACCTTCTAATGACCCTCCACATCATTCCCGCACTCCTATTAATCACAAAGCCAGAACTAATCTCAGGA
ATCCTCTTATGCAGGTATAGTTTAACCCAAACATTAGATTGTGATTCTAAAAATAGAAGCTAAACCCTTC
TTACCCGCCGAGGAGGAGGCCCCAACCAGCAAGAACTGCTAATTCTCGCACCTGAGCATAAAACCTCAGC
CTCCTTAAACTTTTAAAGGATAGCAGTAATCCATTGGCCTTAGGAGCCACCCACCTTGGTGCAAATCCAA
GTAAAAGTAATGAAAACCGCACTACTTCTCAACACCTCCATGCTCCTCACCCTATCAATCATCCTAACGC
CACTATTACTCCCCCTGCTGTCAAAAACCTACCAAAACTCTCCAACCACCATCACACGCTCCGTCAAAAC
TGCCTTCCTAACCAGCTTAGTGCCAGCATCACTATTCATCCACTCAAACACAGAAAGCATTACATCCAGC
TGAGAATGAAAGCTCGTCATAAACTTCAAAATCCCCCTCAGCTTTAAAATAGACCAATACTCAATACTAT
TCTTCCCCATTGCCCTATTCGTAACATGATCCATCCTTCAATTTGCATCATGATACATATCCACAGAACC
ACACGTTACAAAATTCTTCTCCTACCTCCTAACATTCCTAATCGCCATACTAACACTAATCATCGCAAAC
AATATATTCCTACTATTCATCGGATGAGAAGGAGTAGGAATCATATCCTTCCTACTAATTGGCTGATGAC
ACGGCCGAGCAGAAGCCAACACAGCTGCACTCCAAGCCGTACTCTACAACCGAATCGGCGACATCGGCCT
TATCTTAAGCATAGCATGACTCGCCTCCACCACAAACTCCTGAGAAATCCAACTTCCACACTCCGCCCAA
ACACCAACACTCCCCCTGCTAGGCCTCATTCTAGCTGCCACAGGAAAATCCGCCCAATTTGGCCTACACC
CTTGACTGCCCGCCGCCATAGAAGGCCCAACCCCAGTCTCCGCTCTACTCCACTCTAGCACCATAGTGGT
AGCCGGAATTTTCCTACTTATCCGCACCCACCCAATCCTAGCAACCAATCAAACCGCCCTCACTTCATGC
CTATGCCTAGGCGCCCTATCCACACTGTTCGCAGCCACCTGCGCCCTCACACAAAACGATATCAAAAAAA
TTATTGCCTTCTCCACATCCAGCCAACTAGGACTAATAATAGTCACCATCGGCCTAGGCCTACCCCAACT
GGCCTTCCTCCACATCTCAACTCACGCCTTCTTCAAGGCTATACTCTTCCTCTGCTCTGGATCCATCATT
CACAACCTTAACGGGGAACAAGATATTCGAAAAATAGGGGGCCTCCAAAAAATACTCCCAACAACCACCA
CATGCCTAACCATCGGAAACCTAGCCCTAATAGGAACCCCCTTCCTAGCAGGATTCTACTCAAAAGACCT
CATCATCGAAAGCCTAAACACTTCATACGTAAACACCTGAGCGCTACTACTAACCCTCCTAGCCACAACA
TTCACCGCAACTTACAGTCTACGAATAACCCTACTAGTCCAAGCAGGACCCACCCGCATCCCTACACTCA
CCCCAATAAACGAAAACAGCCCTACACTATCCAATCCCATCGCCCGCCTTGCCATAGGAAGCATCCTGGC
GGGCCTACTCATCTCATCCCTCACCATCCCCACAAAAACCCCACCAATAACTATACCAACCTCCATAAAA
ACCGCCGCCATCACCATCACCATCCTAGGTATTGCCCTAGCCCTAGAACTATCAAACATAACACACACTC
TCACCCAGCCAAAACAAAACAACTACTCAAACTTTTCCTCCACCCTAGGATACTTCAACCTACTAACCCA
CCGATCTAGCTCAACAAAGCTACTAAACAGTGGACAAAAAATCGCCCAAAACTTGGTCGACCTATCCTGA
TACAAAAAAATAGGCCCAGAAGGCCTCGCCAACTTACAACAAACTGCAGCCAAAACCACCACCACCCTCC
ATACAGGACTTATTAAGGCCTACCTAGGATCATTTGCCCTTTCCATCCTAATCGCTATACTACTCACACA
CAGACCAAACTAATGGCCCCCAATATCCGAAAATCCCACCCCCTACTAAAAATAATTAACAACTCCCTAA
TCGACCTCCCCACCCCATCAAACATCTCCGCCTGATGAAACTTTGGATCCCTCCTAGGAATCTGCCTAAT
AACACAAATCATAACTGGCCTACTACTCGCTGCACACTACACCGCAGATACAACCCTAGCCTTCTCCTCC
GTAGCCCACACATGTCGTGATGTACAATATGGCTGACTAATCCGCAACCTCCATGCTAACGGAGCCTCAC
TATTCTTTATCTGCATCTACCTTCACATCGGACGAGGACTCTACTACGGATCTTACCTCTACAAAGAAAC
CTGAAACACAGGCATCGTCCTTCTACTCACACTCATAGCAACCGCCTTCGTAGGCTATGTCCTTCCATGA
GGACAAATATCCTTCTGGGGCGCCACAGTCATCACCAACTTATTCTCCGCTATCCCATACATCGGCCAAA
CCCTGGTAGAATGGGCCTGAGGCGGATTTTCTGTCGACAACCCAACCCTAACGCGATTCTTCGCCCTACA
CTTCCTGCTCCCGTTCATAATCGCAGGCCTAACCCTAATTCACCTAACATTCCTTCACGAATCGGGCTCA
AACAACCCCCTAGGCCTTACATCCAACTGTGACAAAATCCCATTCCACCCGTACTTCACCCTAAAAGACA
TCCTAGGGTTCGCCACAATATTCCTTCTCTTAACAACCCTCGCCCTCTTCTCTCCCAACCTCCTGGGAGA
CCCAGAAAACTTCACACCAGCAAACCCCCTAGTAACCCCCCCACACATCAAACCAGAGTGATACTTCCTC
TTCGCATACGCCATCCTACGCTCAATCCCAAACAAACTAGGCGGAGTAATGGCCCTAGCCGCCTCCGTGC
TAATCCTATTCCTAAGCCCCCTACTACATAAATCCAAACAACGCTCAATAACATTCCGCCCCCTCTCCCA
AATCCTATTCTGAACCCTAGTCACCACCCTTCTCATCCTCACATGAGTAGGCAGCCAACCAGTAGAACAC
CCATTCATCATCATCGGCCAACTAGCCTCCATTGCCTACTTCACCATCCTCCTCATCTTATTCCCCACTG
CCGGGGCCCTAGAAAACAAACTGCTTCGCCACTAAAATACTCTAATAGTTTATAACAAAACATTGGTCTT
GTAAACCAAAGACTGAAGACTCCACCTCTTCTTAGAGTTCCCCTCAGAAAAAGAGGACTCAAACCTCTAT
CGCCAGCTCCCAAAGCTGGCATTTTTGCGTTAAACTATCTTCTGACCCCCCTAACTACACAGCCCGGATC
GCCCCACTAGACAACCCCCGCACCAACTCCAAAACCACAAACAAAGTCAACAACAACCCCCACCCAGCCA
CTAAAAACATCCCCACACCCCACGAATAAAACATGGCCACTCCACTAAAATCCGCCCGAGCCGAAAACAT
ACCCCCACCATCAATAGTAGTCACCCCCCACTTTCAACCTCCCATAAAACCCCCCAGCACAATACCCAGG
ACAAGCACCAAAACAAAACCAACCCCATAACCTAAAACACGTCAATCTCCCCAAGCCTCAGGAAAAGGAT
CCGCCGCCAAAGCCACAGAGTAAACAAACACCACCAACATCCCACCCAAATATACCATAAACAACACTAA
TGCAATGAAAGAAATCCCCAAACTCAACAACCACCCACACCCTGCAACGGAAGCTAAAACCAAACCCACC
ACCCCATAGTAGGGCGACGGGTTAGATGCAACAGCCAGCCCCCCTAAAACAAAAACTAACCCTAAAAAAA
GAACAAAATAGGCCATAGCACATTCCCACTTGGTCCTTCTCCAAGGTCTATGGCCTGAAAAGCCACCGTT
AAAAAATCTTAACTATGGGAACCCCTCGTACATTAAGGCTACCCCCCCTACCCCCCCATAGATCTATGTA
TATATGTACATTAATCTATAGTCCACATTACATTACACTTATATCAGGTAATTTAATAGTAATGCTCTAA
TGACTAATACAGTAATGTATTATTAACATAATATCCATGTAAGGAAGACATATAACTTAGTGCATATAAG
ACATATATCCTAATGTAGCACAAGGACATACTAATGCATGGTAACCAAGGACTTAAATAATCCAGTGTAA
CCAGGACATAAGCTTAATGTTCTCAAGACATAAACTGTCATGCTCACCACCACATACCAAACAAGGCAGG
ACAAATCAAGTTCAGGACTCCCCTGTTCTCCCACAAGTCCATCTAACAGCATGGTCACAAGGACTATAAA
CCTTCTGCTCTCGTACCAAACCCATACCATGCATTACTCAACATAAACCACTTTCTCCTCACGGAAGTGC
TTGAACTCTAACCCATTAACCGTAGCAGGGCTATATACCTAAAATCCTTGCTCGCCGTGCCGGTAGCTGT
CGTACCAGGTTATCTATTAATCGTTCTTCTCACGTGAAATCAGCAACCCGGTGTCAGTAAGATCCTTCAT
GACTAGCTTCAGGCCCATTCTTTCCCCCTACACCCCTAGCACTACTTGCTCTTTTGCGCCTCTGGTTCCT
ATATCAGGGCCACACCTTGGTTAGTCCCCTCAACTTGCTCTTCACCGATGCATCTGGTTGGGCTATATAT
CAACATCTTAACTCGTGATCGCGGCATCTAGGAGGTTTGGCACTTTTGGTTCCTTTTTTTTTGGGGCGTC
TTCACAGGTGACCCCTCCAGTGCGGCGGGTAAATACAATCTATAGACGTGTGCATACAATGCCCGGCGGT
CGGTTTTTTGGCCCTCAGGAGTTACTGAATGAGACGGTTTGCGTGTATGGGGAATCATTTTGACACTGAT
GCACTTTGCCTCGCATTTGGTTATGGCTCTTCCACCCCCCCGCGACATGGGGCTATTTGGTGAATGCTTG
CAGGACATGATTTTTCACTTTTACACTTCCTCTAACTTTCTAAACAAAACTAGGAACTTTCCGCTAAATA
TTCATCGAATTTTTGTCATTCATTATATTCACATTTATTTAACGTATCATTGGCACTCAAGTTTCATTAA
TAAATCTAACGTATTCATTCATTCATTATATTGTTAAAAATCACTTCAAATCACCCCATAAATATTAAAG
TAATTTCCTACCAATCACAAACATCACCATACGTCACATACAACCACAACAACAACCCCATCCCACCAAT
ACCACTACCCCAAAACACCCTAGAATTCACCACAACATTTCCTTTCCACATCGCCACAATAAATCCAAAC
AAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAA
ACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACAAACACAAGTCCACGTAGCTTACACACACCTAAAGC
GTGGCACTGAAGATGCCAAGACGGCCGCTAACCCGCACCCGAGGACAAAAGATTTAGTCCTGACCTTACC
ATTAGTTTTTGCTAGATGTATACATGCAAGCATCCACGCCCCGGTGTAAATGCCCACAGCCTCTTACCAA
GACATAAGGAGCAGGCATCAGGCACACCTTGCCCAACGGTAGCCTAAGACGCCTTGCCTGGCCACACCCC
CACGGGTATTCAGCAGTAACTAACATTGAGCCATGAGCGAAAGCTTGACTCAGTCATAGCAAACATAGGG
TTGGTAAATCTTGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTCACACAAGAGACCCAAACTAATTGTCCACACGGCGTAAAGA
GTGGCACAGCATTATCACATCAACTAGGGCCAAAATGCTACCAAGCTGTCACAAGCCAAGGTTGCACGTA
AGATCCTCAATCAAAATGACCCTAGCACTCACGATTAATCTAACTCCACGAAAGCCAAGGCACAAACTGG
GATTAGATACCCCACTATGCTCGGCCCTAAATCCTGATGTTTACTACACCAAAACATCCGCCTGAGAACT
ACGAGCACAAACGCTTAAAACTCTAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCCCCAAACCCACCTAGAGGAGCCTGTTCTAT
AATCGATAATCCACGATATACCCAACCCCTCCTTGCCAAAACAGCTTATATACCGCCGTCGCCAGCCTAC
CTCCCCTGAGAGCATGGCAGTAGGCATAATAGCCCAATCCCGCTAGTACGACAGGTCAAGGTATAGCCTA
TGGAGGGGAAGAAATGGGCTACATTTTCCTAACATAGAAAATCTACGGAAAGGGGTATGAAACTCCCCCT
GGAAGGCGGATTTAGCAGTAAAGCGGGACAATATCAGCCCCCTTTAAGTTGGCCCTGAGGCACGTACATA
CCGCCCGTCACCCTCCTCACAAGCTACGCCTTTGAATAAATAATACGCATGTCAGCTAAAGATGAGGTAA
GTCGTAACAAGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTAGCACACCAAGACGTAGCTAAACACAAAGCACTCA
GCTTACACCTGAAAGATATCTGCCTGCCGCCCAGATCGTCTTGAAGCCTAACTCTAGCCCAACCACAATT
TTAGCCCCACAGTCAAAAACCAACTCTACCGCCAAATTAAAACATTCACCAAACCCTAGTATAGGCGATA
GAAAGGGAACCCCCGGCGCCATAGAGACTTGTACCGTAAGGGAAGGATGAAATAATAATGAAACCTAAAG
CCACATGTAGCAAAGATCAGCCCTTGTACCTCTCGCATCATGGTCTAGCAAGAACAACCAAGCGAAACGA
ATTTAAGCTTGCCGCCCCGAAACCCAAGCGAGCTACTTACAAGCAGCTAACATGAGCGAACCCGTCTCTG
TCGCAAAAGAGTGGGATGACTTGTCAGTAGAGGTGAAAAGCCAACCGAGCTGGGTGATAGCTGGTTGCCT
GTGAAACGAATCTAAGTTCATTCTTGGCCCTTTCCACCGGACACTCAACATCTAACCCAACGCGTAACTA
ACCAAGAACAATTTAAGGGGGGTACAGCCCCCTTAAAAAAGAACACAACCTCCTCCAGCGGATAAAAGCT
CAACCCGACAAAATCTTGTGGGCCTTAAAGCAGCCACCAACGAAGAGTGCGTCAAAGCTCAATACCACAA
AGATCTAAAAACCACATGACTCCCTTACCCACTAACAGGCCAACCTATGACGATAGGAGAATTAATGCTA
GAATGAGTAACTACGGGCCACCCCTCTCTAAGCGCAAGCTTATACCCGCACTAATCAACAGACATCCAAT
ATCTAAATTACAACAAGACTCGATATTAAACAACATCTGTTACTAACCGACCCAGGAGCGCCCATTAAGA
AAGATTCAAACCTGTAAAAGGAACTAGGCAAGCCCAAGGCCCGACTGTTTACCAAAAACATAGCCTTCAG
CAAACCAAGTATTGAAGGTGATGCCTGCCCAGTGACACCACGTTCAACGGCCGCGGTATCCTAACCGTGC
GAAGGTAGCGCAATCAATTGTCCCATAAATTGAGACTTGTATGAATGGCTAAACGAGGTCTTAACTGTCT
CTTACAGGTAATCAGTGAAATTGATCTCCCCGTGCAAAAGCAGGGATAAACACATAAGACGAGAAGACCC
TGTGGAACTTAAAAATCTATAGCCACTCCACAAAAAACTCCACACCTACTAGGTTCATCCACGTAAATGC
TGGCTATAGTCTTTCGGTTGGGGCGACCTTGGAGAAAACAAATCCTCCAAAAACAAGACCACACCTCTTA
ACCAAGAGCAACTCCTCAACGTACCAACAGTAACCAGACCCAATATAATTGACTAATGGACCAAGCTACC
CCAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCTCCTTCAAGAGCCCATATCGACAAGGAGGTTTACGACCTCGATGTTGGAT
CAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGATTAACAGTCCTACGTGATCT
GAGTTCAGACCGGAGCAATCCAGGTCGGTTTCTATCTATGACGGGACTTTCCCCAGTACGAAAGGACCGG
AAAAGTAAGGCCAATGCAACTAGTACGCCTTCTCAACAAGCAATGAAATCAACTAAATTGCCAAGTAAAC
CCACCACCACACCCCTAGAATAAGGGGAACCGCTAGAGTGGCAGAGCTCGGCAAATGCAAAAGGCTTAAG
CCCTTTATCCAGAGGTTCAAATCCTCTCCCTAGCTTTCCCCTACAGGACCC


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.