Viewing data for Esox lucius


Scientific name Esox lucius
Common name Northern pike
Maximum lifespan 30.00 years (Esox lucius@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16695 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7326 9369 4699 2627 4662 4707
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 439 561 281 157 279 282
Base content (%) 43.9% 56.1%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11409 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5073 6336 3420 1653 3317 3019
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 445 555 300 145 291 265
Base content (%) 44.5% 55.5%
D-loop (size: 1072 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 337 735 217 120 379 356
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 314 686 202 112 354 332
Base content (%) 31.4% 68.6%
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1514 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 674 840 379 295 374 466
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 445 555 250 195 247 308
Base content (%) 44.5% 55.5%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2602 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1191 1411 651 540 567 844
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 458 542 250 208 218 324
Base content (%) 45.8% 54.2%
12S rRNA gene (size: 942 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 430 512 232 198 220 292
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 456 544 246 210 234 310
Base content (%) 45.6% 54.4%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1660 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 761 899 419 342 347 552
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 458 542 252 206 209 333
Base content (%) 45.8% 54.2%

ATP6 (size: 682 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 313 369 217 96 212 157
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 459 541 318 141 311 230
Base content (%) 45.9% 54.1%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 78 90 57 21 44 46
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 464 536 339 125 262 274
Base content (%) 46.4% 53.6%
COX1 (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 669 882 403 266 502 380
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 431 569 260 172 324 245
Base content (%) 43.1% 56.9%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 286 405 174 112 210 195
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 414 586 252 162 304 282
Base content (%) 41.4% 58.6%
COX3 (size: 786 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 382 404 246 136 216 188
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 486 514 313 173 275 239
Base content (%) 48.6% 51.4%
CYTB (size: 1137 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 495 642 337 158 346 296
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 435 565 296 139 304 260
Base content (%) 43.5% 56.5%
ND1 (size: 975 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 456 519 320 136 278 241
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 468 532 328 139 285 247
Base content (%) 46.8% 53.2%
ND2 (size: 1050 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 473 577 349 124 299 278
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 450 550 332 118 285 265
Base content (%) 45.0% 55.0%
ND3 (size: 351 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 160 191 111 49 110 81
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 456 544 316 140 313 231
Base content (%) 45.6% 54.4%
ND4 (size: 1381 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 613 768 394 219 406 362
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 444 556 285 159 294 262
Base content (%) 44.4% 55.6%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 148 149 104 44 82 67
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 498 502 350 148 276 226
Base content (%) 49.8% 50.2%
ND5 (size: 1839 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 779 1060 546 233 541 519
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 424 576 297 127 294 282
Base content (%) 42.4% 57.6%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 224 298 163 61 79 219
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 429 571 312 117 151 420
Base content (%) 42.9% 57.1%

ATP6 (size: 682 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 10 (4.42%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 20 (8.85%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 9 (3.98%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 18 (7.96%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 14 (6.19%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 55 (24.34%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 22 (9.73%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (3.1%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (7.52%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 12 (5.31%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (1.33%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.21%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.77%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (4.42%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (4.42%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.77%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.21%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 8 3 17 10 11 3 11 7 3 6 5 1 2 7 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 0 2 15 3 0 1 5 1 3 5 9 3 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 6 4 2 0 3 0 0 4 2 1 0 3 4 6 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 4 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
49 77 62 39
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
24 60 33 110
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
23 80 62 62
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPAPWLSILVFSWFVFLFVIPPKVLNHSFMNEPAPQSAEKPKFNPWNWPWY*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 0 (0%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 10 (18.18%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 6 (10.91%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
0 2 0 1 2 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 3 1 3 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 3 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 4 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 1 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
9 18 13 16
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
6 16 15 19
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
6 23 18 9
COX1 (size: 1551 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 47 (9.11%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 45 (8.72%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 29 (5.62%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 38 (7.36%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 40 (7.75%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 60 (11.63%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 41 (7.95%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 27 (5.23%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (5.43%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (8.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 14 (2.71%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.13%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 20 (3.88%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
30 11 20 18 12 10 3 14 5 3 18 7 11 4 22 20
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 0 1 14 20 10 1 14 13 16 4 4 13 9 2 14
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 15 0 13 6 6 0 0 4 9 8 1 3 6 9 6
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
14 8 3 4 10 8 0 0 3 4 1 0 0 1 0 16
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
157 107 133 120
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
77 136 94 210
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
32 160 153 172
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 12 (5.24%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (8.73%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 32 (13.97%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (7.86%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (5.24%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 15 (6.55%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
16 2 8 10 5 9 2 5 8 1 7 3 6 4 4 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 1 1 2 6 7 1 2 2 4 0 4 7 2 1 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 6 0 7 4 1 1 0 3 9 0 1 1 3 1 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 13 2 7 5 3 2 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
71 65 51 43
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
24 55 64 87
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
17 54 80 79
COX3 (size: 785 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 21 (8.08%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 14 (5.38%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (6.54%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 30 (11.54%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 19 (7.31%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (2.69%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 24 (9.23%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 9 (3.46%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.38%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (3.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 16 (6.15%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 10 4 4 12 5 3 5 9 1 5 4 4 4 10 14
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 2 2 14 6 0 2 9 6 4 4 5 3 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
8 10 0 3 4 4 0 0 3 3 8 1 1 1 0 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
12 7 2 1 4 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
74 67 54 66
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
43 67 54 97
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
19 112 78 52
CYTB (size: 1137 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (6.88%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 27 (7.14%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 21 (5.56%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (5.82%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (1.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (5.29%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 61 (16.14%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 38 (10.05%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (2.65%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (5.82%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 30 (7.94%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 15 (3.97%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.59%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 17 (4.5%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.59%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.38%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.12%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
18 20 8 8 13 17 4 15 5 1 8 6 6 0 11 19
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 1 3 3 13 11 0 3 12 10 1 4 14 4 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 8 0 5 8 7 0 0 1 7 8 0 4 3 14 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 4 2 6 6 8 1 0 2 5 1 0 0 1 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
91 90 97 101
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
51 91 78 159
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
16 156 121 86
ND1 (size: 975 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (5.86%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 33 (10.19%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 24 (7.41%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 63 (19.44%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 24 (7.41%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (3.09%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (7.41%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 20 (6.17%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (3.7%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (3.09%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 13 8 18 15 19 3 8 5 2 7 3 7 1 10 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 0 4 21 8 0 2 8 5 4 9 11 4 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 12 0 3 10 3 0 0 2 4 8 0 0 3 8 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 9 1 3 1 6 1 1 2 5 0 0 0 0 1 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
84 98 78 65
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
37 97 56 135
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
15 125 107 78
ND2 (size: 1050 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 15 (4.3%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 34 (9.74%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 26 (7.45%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 45 (12.89%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (3.15%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 74 (21.2%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 23 (6.59%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 17 (4.87%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.3%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 14 (4.01%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (2.29%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.15%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.57%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.43%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (2.87%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (3.44%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 6 (1.72%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.29%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.43%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 9 13 24 12 24 3 8 12 0 1 3 6 1 8 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 1 6 14 12 2 4 8 2 1 3 17 2 0 13
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
18 13 1 5 13 4 0 1 3 5 3 1 3 5 5 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 4 1 1 1 5 3 0 1 3 1 0 0 1 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
67 108 107 68
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
36 123 52 139
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
21 118 119 92
ND3 (size: 1050 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 15 (4.3%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 34 (9.74%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 26 (7.45%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 45 (12.89%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (3.15%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 74 (21.2%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 23 (6.59%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 17 (4.87%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.3%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 14 (4.01%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (2.29%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.15%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.57%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.43%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (2.87%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (3.44%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 6 (1.72%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.29%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.43%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 9 13 24 12 24 3 8 12 0 1 3 6 1 8 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 1 6 14 12 2 4 8 2 1 3 17 2 0 13
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
18 13 1 5 13 4 0 1 3 5 3 1 3 5 5 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 4 1 1 1 5 3 0 1 3 1 0 0 1 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
67 108 107 68
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
36 123 52 139
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
21 118 119 92
ND4 (size: 1381 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (5.66%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 37 (8.06%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 32 (6.97%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 39 (8.5%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 6 (1.31%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 26 (5.66%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 90 (19.61%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 30 (6.54%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 27 (5.88%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 26 (5.66%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 19 (4.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (2.83%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 19 (4.14%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 6 (1.31%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (1.96%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.96%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
16 14 18 16 19 21 7 25 10 1 9 7 7 3 8 11
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
9 2 4 11 18 8 0 2 9 9 6 7 13 6 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
11 21 3 8 6 7 1 4 6 6 7 6 2 5 4 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 8 2 3 3 7 2 2 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 13
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
105 125 124 106
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
72 124 72 192
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
42 145 166 107
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 15 (15.31%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 10 (10.2%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 23 (23.47%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 0 4 8 5 4 0 5 3 0 0 1 1 0 2 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 2 1 2 8 5 0 0 3 2 0 2 0 0 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
5 3 1 0 4 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
26 29 21 23
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
14 32 14 39
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
4 43 32 20
ND5 (size: 1839 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 48 (7.84%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 45 (7.35%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 54 (8.82%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 6 (0.98%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 24 (3.92%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 104 (16.99%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 55 (8.99%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 29 (4.74%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (6.86%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (1.47%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (1.8%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 34 (5.56%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 15 (2.45%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 17 (2.78%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 22 (3.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (1.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
38 17 23 27 29 25 6 15 14 1 6 10 6 2 21 21
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
8 0 6 8 28 11 1 4 13 11 3 4 18 6 1 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
28 19 1 9 8 15 1 3 9 5 4 2 2 16 18 7
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 9 3 7 4 18 4 2 2 5 0 0 0 1 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
126 157 208 122
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
72 164 121 256
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
35 225 190 163
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 23 (13.29%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 19 (10.98%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 9 (5.2%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 24 (13.87%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 33 (19.08%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
5 1 1 3 1 1 0 15 0 0 14 0 3 7 9 1
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 3 0 8 2 2 7 10 1 3 9 3 0 1 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 2 0 6 0 2 0 1 0 6 1 3 13 1 1 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 2 4 2 1 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 3
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
75 16 20 63
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
38 36 22 78
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
50 9 37 78
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11427 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 236 (6.2%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 327 (8.59%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 238 (6.25%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 301 (7.91%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 29 (0.76%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 222 (5.83%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 657 (17.26%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 290 (7.62%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 159 (4.18%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 218 (5.73%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 243 (6.38%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 107 (2.81%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 120 (3.15%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 75 (1.97%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 99 (2.6%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 121 (3.18%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 96 (2.52%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 110 (2.89%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 76 (2.0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 75 (1.97%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
181 109 111 158 142 155 36 133 82 14 82 49 61 30 119 124
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
48 9 20 64 166 85 12 45 84 70 37 55 115 44 4 57
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
116 118 10 64 68 55 3 10 38 57 50 18 33 48 73 34
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
76 76 23 35 40 61 15 8 23 39 5 0 0 7 1 102
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
959 990 995 863
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
508 1036 692 1571
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
289 1293 1199 1026

>NC_004593.1 Esox lucius mitochondrion, complete genome
GCCCATGTAGTCTACTTAAGATTTAACACTGAAGATGTTAAGATGGGCCCTAGAAAGTCCCATGAGCACA
AAGGCTTGGTCCTGACCTTACTATCAGCTTTAACTAAATTTACACATGCAAGTCTCCGCACCCCTGTGAG
GATGCCCTTAATCCCCTGCCCGGGGCTGAGGAGCTGGCATCAGGCACACATTGTAGCCCAAGACGCCTTG
CTAAGCCACACCCCTACGGGTACTCAGCAGTGATAAATATTAAGTGATAAGCGAAAGCTTGACTTAGTTA
TTGTTAAAAGGGCCGGTAAAACTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATACGAGAGGCCCTAGTTGATAATTGTC
GGCGTAAAGAGTGGTTTAGAAAATAATTTAATAAAGCCGAACACCTCCTCAGTTGTTATACACATTTGAA
GATATGAAGCCCTGCCGCGAAAGCAGCTTTAAGTATCCTGAACCCACGACAGCTATGGTACAAACTGGGA
TTAGATACCCCACTATGCATAGCCATAAATTTTGATAAAAATATACAATTTTATCCGCCAGGGAACTACA
AGCATCAGCTTAAAACCCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCTTCAGACCCACCTAGAGGAGCCTGTTCTATAACCG
ATAACCCCCGCTTAACCTCACCAGCCCTTGTTCACCCCGCCTATATACCACCGTCGCCAGCTTATCCTGT
GAAGGTCCCATAATAAGCAAAATGGGTAAAACCCAGAACGTCAGGTCGAGGTGTAGCGCATGAGCTGGGA
AGAAATGGGCTACATTTTCTAATTCAGAATATACGGAACTACACTGTGAAACCAGTGCCCAAAGGTGGAT
TTAGCAGTAAACAGAAAATAGAGTGTTCTCTTGAAACTGGCTCTGAAGCGCGCACACACCGCCCGTCACT
CTCTCCAAGTTCAACCCTATTATTAAATAAAAAATATATCGAACAAAGGAGAGGCAAGTCGTAACATGGT
AAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTAGTTTAATCAGAGTGTAGCTAAATAGAAAAGCACCTCCCTTACACTGA
GAAGACACCTGTGCAAATCAGGTCACCCTGAGCTGATTAGCTCGCCGACACACCCGGATTAAAACCCCAA
CATATATACCCCAACAAACCTTTAAAAAAATCAACAAACCATTTTTCCTCCTTAGTATAGGCGATAGAAA
AGGAAATACCGAGCAATAGAAAAAGTACCGTAAGGGAAAGCTGAAAAAGAAGTGAAACAAGTCATTCAAG
CCTTGAAAAGCAGAGACAGAACCTCGTACCTTTTGCATCATGATTTAGCTAGTAAATCCGAGCAAAGAGC
ACTTTAGTCCGGACCCCCGAAACTAGACGAGCTACTCCGGGACAGCCTAACATAGGGCCAACCCATCTCT
GTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGAAGATCCCCGAGTAGAGGTGACAAGCCTACCGAGTTTAGTTATAGCTGGTTGCT
TAAGAAATGAATAGAAGTTCAGCTCTATGGGCCTCTCAATACCCTTAAGGTAAAACTAATTTTGTTTACA
AGAGCCCAAAGAAGTTAATCAAAAGAGGTACAGCTCTTTTGAACAAGGACACAACCTTAACAGGTGTTTA
AGGATCATAATTACTAAGGCACCTGTTACAGTGGGCCTAAGAGCAGCCACCTATGTAGAAAGCGTTAAAG
CTCAGACAGATACCAGCTCTTATTCTGATAGACATCCCAACCCCTAATATTATTAAGCCCTTCCATTCCC
ATGGAAAAGATTATGCTAAAATGAGTAATAAGAGGGAACAACCCTCTCCTGGCACCTGTGTAAGTCGGGC
CGGACCCCCCACCGATTCTTAACGAACCCAAACCAAGAGTGTATTGTAAACCCAAACAAGAAAAATCTAC
ATAAACCAATCGTTAACTCCACACTGATGTGCACCCAAGGAAAGACCTAAAGAAAGAGAAGGAACTCGGC
AAACACAAGCCTCGCCTGTTTACCAAAACACCGCCTCTTGTCTCCCAAACATAAGAGGTCCCGCCTGCCC
TGTGACTATACGTTTAACGGCCGCGGTATTTTAACCGTGCGAAGGTAGCGCAATCACTTGTCTTTTAAAT
GAAGACCTGTATGAATGGCATCACGAGGGCTTAGCTGTCTCCTCTTTCAAGTCAATGAAATTGATCTGCC
CGTGCAGAAGCGGACATAAGAACATAAGACGAGAAGACCCTATGGAGCTTTAGACACCCGGCAGACCCTG
TTAAATAACTGAACTATCAGATTAAAACAAAGCGGCCCCTGGCCTACATGTCTTCGGTTGGGGCGACCAC
GGGGGAAAACAAAGCCCCCACGAGGATTAAGGAAAACCTCCTTATAACCACGAGCGACAGCTCTAAGTCT
CAGAACTTCTGACCAAAAAGATCCGACACCAGTCGATCAACGGACCAAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGC
AATCCCCTCCCAGAGTCCCTATCGACGAGGGGGTTTACGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAATGG
TGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGATTAAAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGTA
ATCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTATGAAGTAATCTTTCCCAGTACGAAAGGACCGGAAAGATGAGGCCCCTGC
AAAAGTATGCCCCACCCCCACCTAATGAAAACAACTAAAATAGACAAGGGGGCACGCCACAACTGCCGAA
AAGAACCGCGCGCTGACGTGGCAGAGCCCGGTAATTGCAAAAGATCTAAGCCCTTTAGACCAGAGGTTCA
AATCCTCTCCTCAGCTATGATTACAACCCTAATTACCCACATCATTAACCCCCTTACATATATTGTGCCC
GTTCTCCTAGCAGTTGCCTTTCTAACCCTTCTTGAACGTAAAGTCTTAGGCTACATACAACTTCGCAAAG
GGCCCAATATCGTTGGCCCTTATGGCCTTCTTCAGCCCATTGCTGATGGTGTTAAACTATTCATTAAGGA
ACCCATCCGACCATCCACCTCTTCCCCCCTCCTCTTCTTATTTACTCCAATACTGGCCCTAACCCTTGCC
CTAACCCTCTGAGCCCCTATACCTATCCCCTACCCTGTAGCTGACCTAAACCTAGGGATTTTATTTATCC
TAGCCCTGTCTAGCCTGGCCGTCTACTCCATCCTTGGGTCCGGCTGAGCCTCAAACTCCAAATATGCATT
AATTGGAGCATTACGAGCCGTAGCCCAAACCATCTCCTACGAAGTAAGCCTTGGCCTAATCCTACTAACA
GTAATCCTTTTTGTTGGGGGATTTACACTTCAAACATTCAACATTGCACAAGAAGGTATATGACTACTCG
CACCAGCCTGACCCCTTGCAGCCATATGATACATCTCAACCCTTGCCGAAACAAACCGCGCCCCTTTTGA
TCTAACAGAAGGAGAGTCCGAACTTGTCTCAGGCTTCAATGTAGAATATGCCGGAGGCCCTTTTGCCCTC
TTCTTCCTTGCCGAATACGCCAACATTCTCCTCATGAATACTCTTTCTACTATCCTCTTTCTAGGAGCCA
CACACATCCCATCCTTTCCTTTAGCAACAACAACAAACTTAATAATTAAAGCAGCCCTCCTCTCCGTACT
ATTCTTATGAGTTCGAGCCTCCTACCCCCGATTCCGATACGATCAACTCATACACCTCGTTTGAAAAAAC
TTTCTCCCTCTCACACTAGCTTTCGTACTATGACACCTTGCTATCCCCACCGCCTTCATAGGCCTTCCCC
CTCAGCTATAGTACAGAATTATGCCCGAATGTTTAAGGACCACGTTGATGTCGTGGCTAATGGGGGTTCA
AATCCCCCTAATTCTAGAAAGAAAGGACTCGAACCTATCCTCAAGAGATCAAAACTCTTGGTGCTCCCAC
TACACCACCTCCTAGTACAGTCAGCTAATCAAGCTTTTGGGCCCATACCCCAAACATGAAGGTTAAAGTC
CTTTCTTTACTAATGAGCCCTTACGTCTTCACCTTACTAATTTTTAATCTGGGTCTAGGCACAACCATAA
CTTTCGCCAGCTCCCACTGACTCCTTGCATGAATGGGCCTAGAAATTAATACCCTAGCTATCATCCCCCT
TATAACACGCCAACACCACCCCCGGGCAGTCGAGGCCACAACTAAATATTTCCTTACACAAGCCACTGCC
GCGGCCCTAATTCTATTTGCTTCAACTTCTAATGCATGATTAACGGGAGAATGGGCCATTAATCAAATAT
CCCACCCCCTAGCTACCTCCACAATTATACTAGCCCTCGCGCTTAAACTTGGTCTTGCACCAGTACATTT
TTGAATACCAGAAGTAATTCAAGGATTAGACCTTACTACTGGCCTCGTCCTTTCTACCTGACAAAAGCTA
GCACCCTTTGCACTCCTCCTTCAAGTATCCTCTACTGTAAACCCCTTAATCCTAACCCTTATTGGCCTAC
TATCCACCCTAATTGGCGGCTGAGGGGGTCTAAACCAAACCCAACTCCGAAAAATCCTAGCATACTCTTC
AATTGCCCATCTAGGCTGAATAGTATTAATTATTCAATTTTCACCCCCCTTGGCCACCCTAAGCCTTCTT
ATTTATATTATCATGACTACCTCTGCATTCCTAACATTTAAACTTACCTCCTCAACTACCATAAATGCTT
TAGCAACCTCCTGAACTAAGTCCCCCATAATAACTTCCCTTGCCACCCTTATCCTTCTATCCCTCGCCGG
CCTCCCCCCTTTAACAGGTTTTATGCCCAAGTGACTAATTCTTCAAGAACTTGTGAAACAAGATCTGCCC
ATACTAGCATTCTTCGCCGCTATAACAGCACTCCTAAGTCTATATTTTTACCTTCGACTTTGCTATACAG
TAGCTCTTACATCCTCCCCCAACACAATCACTATATTAACCCCCTGACGACTCAACCCCACTCAAACATC
CCCCCTTAACCCTTTGACCACAATACTAACCTTGGCCCTCCTTCCCCTCACCCCCGCCATCCTGGCACTT
GTTATCTATTAACAGAGACTTAGGATAGTATTTAGACCAAGGGCCTTCAAAGCCCTAAGCGAGGGTGAAA
ATCCCCCAGCCTCTGTTAAGACCTGCAGGACTCTATCCCACATCTTCTGAATGCAACCCAGACACTTTAA
TTAAGCTAAAGCCTTTCTAGACGGGAAGGCCTCGAACCTACAAACTCTTAGTTAACAGCTAAGCGCCCAA
TCCAACGAGCATCCGCCTACTTTCCCCCGCGCTGAGGGGCCAGCGGGGGAAAGCCCCGGCAGGTCGTTAG
CCTGCATCCTTAGGTTTGCAACCTAATATGTTGTACACCACAGGGCTTGATAGGAAGGGGACTTAAACCC
CTGTACATGGGGCTACAACCCACCGCTAAAACTCTCAGCCATCCTACCTGTGGCAATCACACGCTGATTT
TTCTCTACTAACCACAAAGATATTGGCACCCTTTATTTAGTATTTGGTGCTTGAGCCGGAATAGTCGGCA
CAGCCTTAAGCCTTTTAATCCGGGCCGAACTAAGCCAGCCAGGGGCTCTCTTAGGTGACGACCAGATTTA
TAATGTTATCGTTACAGCCCATGCCTTTGTTATAATCTTTTTTATAGTTATACCCGTTATAATTGGGGGT
TTTGGAAACTGATTAATTCCCCTAATGATTGGTGCCCCCGACATGGCCTTCCCCCGCATAAATAATATAA
GCTTCTGACTTCTCCCCCCCTCCTTTTTACTTCTCTTAGCCTCCTCAGGTGTTGAAGCTGGTGCTGGTAC
TGGCTGAACAGTTTATCCGCCTTTGGCCGGAAACTTAGCACACGCAGGTGCTTCTGTAGACTTAACTATT
TTCTCTCTCCACCTGGCCGGAATTTCTTCTATTCTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACCACAATTATTAACA
TAAAACCCCCCGCCATCTCACAATATCAGACACCATTATTTGTTTGAGCAGTCCTGATTACAGCTGTACT
TCTACTTCTATCTCTCCCAGTCCTAGCCGCTGGAATTACCATATTGCTCACAGACCGAAATTTAAACACC
ACATTCTTTGACCCCGCTGGTGGTGGAGACCCTATTCTATACCAACACCTCTTCTGATTCTTCGGACACC
CGGAAGTCTACATTCTTATTCTACCAGGATTTGGTATAATCTCTCACATTGTAGCTTATTATTCTGGTAA
AAAAGAACCATTCGGCTACATAGGCATAGTATGAGCAATAATGGCCATTGGTCTCCTTGGCTTTATTGTC
TGAGCCCACCATATGTTTACTGTGGGAATAGATGTAGACACTCGCGCCTACTTCACCTCCGCCACAATAA
TTATTGCCATCCCAACAGGAGTTAAAGTTTTCAGCTGATTAGCCACTCTACATGGCGGCTCAATTAAATG
AGAAACCCCCCTTCTTTGAGCCCTTGGCTTTATTTTCCTTTTTACAGTGGGAGGACTCACAGGCATTGTT
CTTGCTAACTCTTCTCTTGATATTGTTCTCCATGACACTTATTATGTAGTAGCACACTTCCACTACGTCC
TCTCTATGGGAGCTGTCTTCGCTATTATGGGAGCATTTGTTCACTGATTCCCCTTGTTCTCCGGCTACAC
TATACATACCACTTGAACTAAAATCCACTTTGGGATTATATTTGTAGGAGTTAACCTAACTTTCTTCCCT
CAACACTTCTTAGGCCTGGCGGGTATACCACGACGATACTCTGACTATCCTGATGCCTACACCCTTTGAA
ACACTATTTCTTCAATCGGCTCCCTTATCTCCTTAGTAGCAGTTATTATGTTTCTTTTCATCCTTTGGGA
AGCATTTACCGCTAAACGAGAGGTTATATCAGTTGAAATAACTTCAACTAACGTGGAGTGACTCCATGGG
TGCCCCCCACCCCACCACACATTTGAAGAGCCAGCATTTGTTCAAGTACAAACAAATTAACGAGAAAGGA
AGGAATTGAACCCCCATGTGATGGTTTCAAGCCAACCGCATAACCACTCTGCCACTTTCTTTCAATGAGA
CACTAGTAGAACTGGTAAAATACACTGCCTTGTCAAGGCATAGATGCGGGTTAAAACCCCGCGTGTTTCA
ATATTATGGCACACCCCTCGCAACTAGGTTTCCAAGATGCAGCCTCACCTGTAATAGAAGAGCTCCTCCA
CTTCCATGATCACGCCCTAATAATTGTTCTATTAATTAGCACACTAGTGCTTTATATTATTGTAGCAATA
GTATCTACTAAACTTACAAACAAGTATATTCTTGATTCCCAAGAAATTGAAATTGTATGAACAATTCTCC
CAGCAGTAATTCTTATTCTGATTGCCCTGCCCTCTCTTCGAATTCTTTATCTTATAGATGAAGTCAATGA
CCCCCATCTAACCATTAAAGCAGTTGGCCACCAGTGGTATTGAAGCTATGAATATACTGACTATGAAGAA
TTGGCCTTCGATTCTTATATAGTTCCCACACAAGACCTCCTTCCGGGACAATTTCGTCTCTTAGAAACAG
ACCATCGAATAGTGGTTCCTGTTGAATCCCCAACCCGAATCCTAGTGTCTGCCGAAGATGTCCTTCACTC
CTGAGCTGTCCCCTCTTTAGGAATTAAGATAGATGCGGTACCCGGACGATTAAATCAAACAGCTTTTATT
ACCTCTCGCCCTGGTTTATTTTATGGCCAATGCTCTGAAATTTGTGGAGCAAATCATAGCTTTATACCTA
TCGTGGTTGAAGCCGTTCCCCTAAAACACTTCGAAGAGTGATCCACCCTACTACTTCAAGACGCATCATT
AAGAAGCTAAATTGGGTGCAGCATCAGCCTTTTAAGCTGAAAATTGGTGACTCCCTATCACCCTTAGTGA
CATGCCCCAACTCAACCCCGCCCCTTGGCTTTCCATCCTGGTATTCTCCTGATTCGTATTCCTATTTGTA
ATCCCACCTAAAGTGCTCAACCACTCCTTTATGAATGAGCCCGCCCCACAAAGCGCTGAAAAACCTAAAT
TTAACCCCTGAAACTGACCATGATACTAAATTTCTTTGACCAATTCATAAGCCCAGTACTCCTAGGTATC
CCCTTAATTGCCTTAGCCCTTCTACTACCATGAATTCTATTCCCTAACCCCGCTGCCCGATGAATCAACA
ACCGCTTAATCACCTTGCAGGGGTGATCAATTAGCCAGGCCACACACCAGCTTTTCACACCCTTAAATCA
AGGGGGCCACAAGTGAGCCACCCTTTTAATTTCTTTAATGATTTTCTTAATTTCACTTAATCTGCTCGGC
TTACTCCCTTATACTTTTACCCCTACAACGCAACTCTCACTAAACATGGCCTTTGCCGTCCCCCTTTGAT
TGGCCACAGTGATTGTTGGCCTACGAAACCAACCAACCATTGCACTGGGCCACCTTCTCCCTGAAGGGAC
GCCCCTTCCCCTAATCCCTGTCCTTATTATTATCGAAACAATCAGCCTTTTTATTCGACCCCTTGCCTTG
GGCGTTCGACTAACTGCTAATCTTACGGCAGGACACCTATTAATTCAACTCATCGCCACGGCAGTCTTTG
TTCTCCTCCCCCTTATGCCCACCGTTGCCATCCTCACCGCCTCTGTCCTGTTTCTTCTTACACTTCTTGA
AGTGGCCGTTGCCATAATTCAAGCCTACGTCTTTATTCTCCTATTAAGCCTTTATTTACAAGAAAACGTT
TATGGCCCACCAAGCACACGCATACCACATGGTTGATCCAAGCCCCTGACCCCTAACTGGCGCAATTGCC
GCCCTCCTCTTAACATCTGGCACTGCAATCTGATTTCACTTCCACTCCTTGGTTTTAGTAACTGCAGGAA
TAATCCTTCTCATCCTAACAATAATCCAATGATGACGAGACATTATCCGAGAAGGCACCTTTCAAGGACA
CCATACCCCACCTGTTCAAAAAGGTCTGCGCTACGGGATAATTTTATTTATTACATCTGAAGTATTCTTT
TTCCTCGGCTTCTTTTGAGCCTTCTACCACTCCAGCCTGGCCCCTACCCCTGAACTAGGTGGGTGCTGAC
CCCCTACAGGAATCATCACCCTAGACCCATTCGAAGTGCCCCTGCTCAATACAGCCGTTCTCCTCGCCTC
TGGCGTGACAGTCACATGAGCCCATCATAGCATTATAGAGGGAGAGCGCAAACAAGCCATCCAATCCCTC
ACCTTAACAATTCTTTTAGGATTCTACTTTACTTTCCTCCAAGCCATGGAATATTACGAAGCCCCCTTCA
CCATTGCTGACGGGGTCTATGGCTCAACCTTTTTCGTGGCTACAGGATTCCACGGCCTACATGTAATCAT
TGGCTCAACCTTCCTTGCCGTCTGCCTTCTCCGCCAGATTCAATACCACTTCACATCACAACACCACTTT
GGGTTTGAAGCAGCCGCCTGGTACTGACACTTTGTGGACGTTGTCTGACTCTTCCTCTACGTATCCATCT
ATTGATGAGGCTCATAATCTTTCTAGTATTAATATAGTATAAGTGACTTCCAATCACCCGGTCTTGGTTT
AAGCCCAAGGAAAGATAATGAACCTGATCTCAACAATTTTTGTTATTACCATTACCCTCTCTGCAATTCT
AGCCACCCTTTCTTTCTGATTACCTCAAATAAGCCCTGACACAGAAAAATTATCCCCATACGAATGCGGG
TTCGACCCCTTAGGAACCGCCCGCCTCCCCTTCTCACTACGCTTCTTTCTAGTGGCCATTCTATTCCTTT
TATTTGATTTAGAAATTGCCCTCCTCCTCCCCCTACCTTGGGCAGACCAGCTCTCTTCCCCCACCCTAAC
ATTTCTTTGAGCCACCACTATCTTAACCCTACTCACCCTTGGCTTAATTTATGAATGAATTCAAGGGGGT
CTAGAGTGGGCTGAATAGGTATTTAGTCCAAGACAAGACTTTTGATTTCGGCTCAAAAAATTGTGGTTTA
AGTCCACAACTACCTTATGACACCTGTCCACTTCAGTTTTACCGCAGCTTTCACCCTTGGCTTAATAGGA
CTTGCATTCCACCGCACACACCTTCTCTCCGCCCTAATTTGCTTGGAGGGAATAATACTCTCCCTTTTCA
TTGCCCTCTCCTTATGAACACTTCAATTAGAAGCAACTGCCTTCTCCACCGCCCCTATATTACTCCTAGC
CTTTTCAGCCTGTGAAGCAAGCGCAGGCTTAGCCCTACTTGTAGCCACCGCTCGCACCCACGGCACGGAC
CGCCTTCAAAACCTAAACCTTCTCCAATGTTAAAAATCTTAATCCCAACATTTATGCTCTTCCCCACAAT
CTGGCTTGTCCCAGGAAAATGATTATGAACAGCAACAACCGCCCACAGCCTAGTTGTTGCTTCTGCAAGC
CTGTCTTGGTTTAAGTGATGTTCAGAAACAGGCTGAGTGGCCCCTAACCTTTATCTGGCTCTCGACCCTT
TATCTTTTCCCCTAGCAGTTCTAACATGCTGACTTGTCCCCCTTATAATCATCGCTAGCCAAAATCATGT
TGCTCACGAACCCCTAACCCGACAACGCACCTACATCTCCTTGCTTGTTTCTCTTCAAGTGTTCCTGATT
TTAGCCTTTAGTGCTATAGATATCTTAACGTTTTACGTAATATTTGAAGCCACATTAATTCCCACCTTAA
TTATTATTACCCGTTGAGGCAGTCAGACAGAACGCCTGAGTGCCGGAACATACTTCATATTCTATACTCT
CCTTGGCTCCCTCCCCCTCCTCGTTGCCCTCCTATACCTCCTTAATGATACTGGTACACTCTCAATGCAC
ACCCTACAATATATTCAAATAACAAACCCCGATACACTAGGCACTATGCTATGATGAGTTGCCTGTCTCC
TAGCTTTCTTAGTCAAAATACCCCTTTATGGGGTACACCTTTGGCTTCCAAAAGCCCATGTAGAAGCCCC
TGTCGCAGGATCGATAGTCCTAGCTGCCGTCCTCCTAAAGCTGGGCGGGTATGGGATAATACGAATAATG
GTGGTATTAGGCCCCCTCACTAAAGAAATGGCCTACCCTTTTATTATTTTAGCCCTTTGAGGCATTATTA
TAACGGGCTCCATCTGCTTACGTCAAACAGACTTAAAATCACTAATTGCCTACTCTTCAGTTAGCCATAT
GGGATTAGTTGCATCTGGAATCTTAATTCAAACCCCTTGAGGATTTACAGGAGCAATCATCTTAATAGTC
GCTCATGGCCTTGCCTCTTCAGCACTCTTCTGCTTGGCAAATACAAGCTATGAGCGAACACACAGTCGAA
CCATATTACTTACCCGAGGGCTACAAATAATTTTACCCCTGATAGCTGCTTGGTGGTTCTTAGCCAATCT
AGCTAATTTAGCCCTCCCCCCTCTGCCAAACTTAATGGGGGAGCTAATAATTATCGTATCTGTATTCAAC
TGGTCATCCTGAACAATCCTACTAACGGGACTAGGAACCCTTATCACAGCCAGCTACTCCCTCCACCTCT
TCCTAACAACACAACGAGGGCCCACACCACAACACTTCATTTCAATAGACCCTTCCCACACCCGCGAACA
CTTATTAATAGCCCTACACCTCATTCCCCTCCTTCTCTTAGTATTAAAACCAGAACTAATGTGAGGTTGA
TGCTTCTGTAGGTGTAGTTTAAAAAAAACACTAGATTGTGATTCTAGAAACAAAGGTTAAAGCCCTTTCA
TCCACCGAGAGAGGCCCGACGGCACTAAAGACTGCTAATCTCTTATCCCCGTGGTTAAACCCCACGGCTC
CCTCGATGCTTCTAAAGGATAATAGCTCATCCATTGGTCTTAGGAACCAAAAACTCTTGGTGCAAATCCA
AGTAGTAGCTATGCACACAACCACACTTGCCATAAACACCTCCCTTTTAATAATCTTTGCGCTTTTAATC
TTTCCCCTACTCACCTCTCTAAGCCCCACACCCCTCCATAAAACCTGGGCCGTTACCCACGTAAAAACCG
CTGTAAAAATAGCTTTTCTAGTAAGCCTCCTCCCCTTATTCATTTTTCTAAATGAGGGAGCAGAAACCAT
TATTTCAACCTGACATTGAATAAATACCCTAGTCTTTGATATTAACCTTAGTTTTAAGTTCGACCATTAT
TCAATTATTTTTACCCCAATTGCCCTCTACGTTACATGGTCAATTCTCGAATTTGCATTCTGATATATGC
ATGCCGACCCCAATATCAACCGATTCTTTAAGTATTTACTCCTTTTCTTAATTGCCATAATCACCCTAGT
GACAGCTAATAATATATTTCAACTATTCATTGGATGAGAAGGCGTTGGCATCATATCTTTCCTCTTAATT
GGTTGATGATACGGGCGAGCCGATGCTAATACTGCAGCCCTTCAGGCTGTAATCTATAATCGAGTAGGCG
ATATTGGCCTTATTTTAAGCATGGCCTGATTTATGATAAACACCAACTCCTGAGAAATTCACCAAATATT
TATTAATTCACAAAACCTTGACCTCACCCTCCCCCTTATAGGCCTAATTCTCGCCGCAACAGGCAAATCA
GCACAATTTGGTCTCCACCCCTGACTTCCCTCAGCCATAGAGGGCCCTACTCCGGTCTCTGCCCTACTTC
ATTCCAGCACAATAGTTGTAGCAGGAATTTTCCTCCTTATCCGCCTCCACCCCCTCATAGAAAATAACCA
AATAGCCCTCACCACATGCCTATGCCTTGGAGCACTAACTACACTATTTACGGCAACCTGCGCCCTTACC
CAAAATGATATTAAAAAAATTGTCGCATTCTCCACATCTAGTCAACTTGGACTGATAATGGTGACTATTG
GCCTTAATCAACCCCAACTGGCCTTTTTACATATTTGCACACACGCTTTTTTTAAAGCCATACTATTTCT
ATGCTCGGGGTCAATTATTCACAGCCTAAACAACGAGCAAGATATCCGAAAAATGGGAGGAATACACAAC
TTAGCCCCCCTCACATCTTCCTGCTTGACAATTGGCAGCCTAGCTCTCACAGGTACCCCCTTCCTAGCCG
GATTCTTCTCTAAAGATGCAATTATTGAAGCCATGAACACATCTCACCTAAACGCCTGAGCCCTAGTCCT
AACCCTTCTTGCCACCTCATTCACAGCCGTCTATAGCCTTCGAGTCGTCTTCTTTGTTTCCATAGGCTTC
CCCCGTTTCAATACATCATCCCCTATTAATGAAAATAACCCACTTATTATCAACCCATTAAAACGTCTAG
CCTGAGGAAGCATTATTGCCGGCTTATTAATTACCCTCAACCTTCTCCCTTCTAAAACACCAATTATAAC
TATACCCCCCCTACTCAAGCTAAGTGCCCTCCTGGTCTCAATCCTTGGCCTCCTTCTTGCTCTAGAACTT
GCATCACTAACCTCAAAGACCTTTAAAGCCCTGCCCAACCTCCCCTTACACAGCTTCTCAAATATACTTG
GATTCTACCCATCAATTATTCATCGCTTAACCCCTAAACTCAATCTGATCCTCGGCCAAAAAATTGCCAC
CCAAATAGTTGACCAAACCTGATTCGAAAAAATCGGACCAAAAGGGGTCTCATCCATCAACCTCCCCATA
ATTATCACAACTAACGATGTCCAAAAAGGTATGATCAAAACCTACCTTACCTTATTTTTCCTCACCCTCA
TCCTGGCCTTGTTCATCTCTATTATTTAAATAGCTCGAACAGTCCCACGATTTAAACCACGTGTTAACTC
TAATACTACAAAAAGAGTTAAGAGTAAAACCCAGGCACATAACATTAACAAACCACCACCTGAAGAATAT
ATTAAAGCCACACCACTAACATCTCCCCGAAGCACCACCAATTCCTTCAACTCATCAATGGCAACTCAAC
AAGCCTCATGTCAGCCCCCTCAGAACCACCCAACCACTGCCATAACCCCTAAGATATAAAACAAAACATA
TACTAAAACTGACCGGTCCCCCCATGTTTCTGGAAAAGGCTCCGCAGCCAAAGCCGCAGAATAAGCAAAC
ACAACCAACATACCTCCCAAGTAAATTAAAAATAAAACCAAAGACAAAAAAGAACCCCCATGCCCAACCA
AAACTCCACACCCCGCACCCGCAGCAATAACCAAACCTAACGCAGCAAAATAAGGTGCAGGGTTAGACGC
AACCGCCACCAACCCAAAAATTAAACCCAAAAGAAATAAAGACACTAGATAAGTCATAATTCTTACTCGG
ACTCTAACCAAAACCAATGACTTGAAAAACCACCGTTGTAAACTTCAACTATAAGAACTAATGACCAGCC
TTCGAAAAACCCACCCCGTACTCAAAATTGTTAACGATGCACTAATTGATCTCCCTGCCCCTGCAAACAT
TTCTATCTGATGAAACTTCGGCTCCCTCCTAGGGCTATGCTTGATTACACAAATCCTAACCGGCTTATTC
CTAGCTATACATTATACCTCTGACATCTCCACAGCCTTCTCATCAGTCTGCCACATCTGCCGGGACGTTA
ACTACGGCTGACTTATCCGAAATATTCACGCTAACGGTGCATCCTTATTCTTCATCTGTATTTACATACA
CATCGCCCGAGGCCTTTATTATGGCTCCTACTTATACAAAGAAACCTGAAATATCGGAGTTATCCTCCTC
CTCCTAACAATAATAACCGCCTTCGTTGGCTATGTTCTGCCCTGAGGACAAATATCTTTTTGAGGCGCAA
CAGTAATTACTAACCTATTATCAGCTGTTCCCTACATTGGAAATGACCTGGTCCAATGAATCTGAGGCGG
CTTCTCCGTCGATTACGCAACCCTTACACGATTCTTCGCATTCCACTTCTTATTTCCCTTCATCATTGCA
GCAGCCACAATCCTCCATTTATTATTCCTTCATGAAACTGGCTCAAACAACCCAGTAGGTATTAACTCTG
ATGCAGATAAAATCCCCTTTCATCCCTACTTCTCCTACAAAGACCTCTTAGGTTTTGTATTTATGTTATT
TGGCTTAGCCTCCCTAGCCCTCTTCTCACCCAACCTTTTGGGAGACCCAGACAACTTCATTCCTGCCAAC
CCCTTGGTTACTCCACCCCATATTAAACCAGAGTGATATTTTTTATTCGCCTATGCAATCCTACGATCAA
TTCCTAACAAACTAGGAGGAGTCCTTGCCCTACTATTTTCAATCCTGATCCTAATACTAGTCCCCATCCT
CCACACCTCTAAGCAGCGCGGAATCACTTTCCGCCCCCTTACCCAATTACTATTTTGACTCTTGGTAGCA
GATATATTAATCTTAACATGAATTGGAGGAATACCCGTTGAACACCCCTTTATTATTATTGGACAAGTCA
CATCCGTAATTTATTTTGCCATCTTCCTACTCCTCGCCCCCCTGGCCGGCTGATTAGAGAACAAAACCCT
AGAATAATCTAGCCCTAGAAGCTCATACGTTAGAGCGCCGGTTTTGTAATCCGGAAGTTGGAGGTTAAAA
TCCCCCCTAGTGCTCAGAGAGAAGAGATTTTAACTCTCACCCTTAACTCCCAAAGCTAAGATTCTAAATT
TAACTACCCTCTGAATTTAAACACATGCCACTTTTCAAACAAACCAGCTATCACTTAAAACACCCTATGT
ACGTTTATTTTAACTATGCATTACTAGCATAAATTGAATTTACCCCCTCATACATCAGCATCTCCCCAAG
AATTACATAAAGCAATACACGAGATAATAACCAACTAAAAAGCTCTACCACTGAGAAATTGAAAAATTCA
ACAGAAAAACCATAACCCACGTGCTCTCTCACAAACTCAACATCCCTACAGTTTAGTGTTATTTAATGTA
GTAAGAACCGACCAACGATTCCACTCGTGCATACGGTTATTGATGGTCACGGACAAATATTGTAAGGTTC
TATTAGTGAATTATTACTTGCATTTGGCTCCTTTTTCAGGGACAATCCTTAAGAAACCACCATCTGAAAG
CCGAATGGTATGCATCTGGTTAATGGTGTTAACCATACGACTCGTTACCCACCAAGCCGGGCGTTCTTTT
ATATGCATTTGGTTCCTTTTTTTTTTTTCCTTTCACTTTGCATCTCCAGTGCACACTAAAAAAACTAATA
AGGTTGAACTAGATCTTGTTTTCCAGAGGACTAATGTTTAATTATAGAAAGACTTTCATTAAAGAATTGC
ATATGTTTATATCATGTGCATAAGCCCTTAAGATTACCCCTGGTGGCGCCTTGGTTTTCGCGCGACAAAC
CCCCCTACCCCCCTACACTGGGCGATCCTTATTATCCTGTCAAACCCCGAAACCAGGAGTCCCGCCTAAT
GCTTATACCCTTTAAAATTTACTCTTTATAGTTATAAATTTTATTATTTCATCACTACAATGTTTAAAAT
AACCCTAAAAACTTTTTTAACCATAAAGACTTGTACTGACTTAATTAACGATTTCAACTTAACCAGATAC
CGCAGCTTATCACCCTATATATTATTATATATTATTATATATTATTATATATTATTATATATTATTATAT
ATTATTATATATTATTATATATTATTATATATTATTATATATTATTATATATTATTATATATTATTATAT
ATTATTATATATTATTATATATTATTATATAACTT


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.