Viewing data for Salvelinus alpinus


Scientific name Salvelinus alpinus
Common name Arctic char
Maximum lifespan 40.00 years (Salvelinus alpinus@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16659 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7575 9084 4753 2822 4411 4673
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 455 545 285 169 265 281
Base content (%) 45.5% 54.5%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11419 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5185 6234 3434 1751 3185 3049
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 454 546 301 153 279 267
Base content (%) 45.4% 54.6%
D-loop (size: 998 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 375 623 226 149 302 321
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 376 624 226 149 303 322
Base content (%) 37.6% 62.4%
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1552 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 695 857 387 308 395 462
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 448 552 249 198 255 298
Base content (%) 44.8% 55.2%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2627 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1282 1345 685 597 514 831
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 488 512 261 227 196 316
Base content (%) 48.8% 51.2%
12S rRNA gene (size: 947 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 476 471 257 219 189 282
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 503 497 271 231 200 298
Base content (%) 50.3% 49.7%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1680 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 806 874 428 378 325 549
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 480 520 255 225 193 327
Base content (%) 48.0% 52.0%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 313 371 219 94 204 167
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 458 542 320 137 298 244
Base content (%) 45.8% 54.2%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 73 95 53 20 44 51
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 435 565 315 119 262 304
Base content (%) 43.5% 56.5%
COX1 (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 706 845 416 290 466 379
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 455 545 268 187 300 244
Base content (%) 45.5% 54.5%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 316 375 196 120 191 184
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 457 543 284 174 276 266
Base content (%) 45.7% 54.3%
COX3 (size: 786 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 356 430 227 129 232 198
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 453 547 289 164 295 252
Base content (%) 45.3% 54.7%
CYTB (size: 1141 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 539 602 357 182 323 279
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 472 528 313 160 283 245
Base content (%) 47.2% 52.8%
ND1 (size: 975 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 450 525 299 151 276 249
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 462 538 307 155 283 255
Base content (%) 46.2% 53.8%
ND2 (size: 1050 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 463 587 322 141 301 286
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 441 559 307 134 287 272
Base content (%) 44.1% 55.9%
ND3 (size: 351 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 176 175 121 55 97 78
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 501 499 345 157 276 222
Base content (%) 50.1% 49.9%
ND4 (size: 1386 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 609 777 401 208 394 383
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 439 561 289 150 284 276
Base content (%) 43.9% 56.1%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 142 155 92 50 82 73
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 478 522 310 168 276 246
Base content (%) 47.8% 52.2%
ND5 (size: 1839 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 793 1046 554 239 508 538
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 431 569 301 130 276 293
Base content (%) 43.1% 56.9%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 254 268 180 74 73 195
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 487 513 345 142 140 374
Base content (%) 48.7% 51.3%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 18 (7.93%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (9.69%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 54 (23.79%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 21 (9.25%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 12 (5.29%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
13 8 4 18 8 17 3 6 6 3 3 5 4 2 5 7
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 0 2 8 6 2 3 5 3 0 3 10 3 1 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 9 1 1 3 0 0 0 4 4 0 2 2 3 6 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 4 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 3
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
48 81 65 34
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
26 61 32 109
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
20 77 70 61
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPAPWFAILVFSWLVFLTVIPPKVLGHIFTNEPTSQSTEKTKPEPWNWPWH*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 9 (16.36%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 2 1 1 0 1 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 6 1 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 2 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
10 16 16 14
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
7 18 14 17
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
3 19 21 13
COX1 (size: 1551 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 47 (9.11%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 48 (9.3%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 29 (5.62%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 36 (6.98%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 39 (7.56%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 61 (11.82%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 42 (8.14%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 25 (4.84%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (5.43%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (8.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 18 (3.49%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 14 (2.71%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.13%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 19 (3.68%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
24 18 18 14 15 12 3 16 6 2 10 11 14 4 26 16
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 1 0 13 23 11 1 7 12 16 12 3 10 8 7 10
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 11 5 5 10 8 1 0 5 11 7 2 1 4 11 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
14 6 5 3 11 7 1 1 0 5 2 0 0 1 0 15
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
159 107 131 120
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
78 136 94 209
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
53 173 154 137
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 23 (10.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 28 (12.23%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (7.86%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.8%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 15 (6.55%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 11 6 13 8 4 0 3 8 0 8 7 5 3 3 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 1 1 3 5 6 2 1 3 4 1 3 5 3 3 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 3 0 6 5 1 1 0 3 5 4 0 0 1 3 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 12 3 4 9 4 1 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
76 63 51 40
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
25 53 64 88
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
19 80 69 62
COX3 (size: 786 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 22 (8.43%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 20 (7.66%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 14 (5.36%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 23 (8.81%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 16 (6.13%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 32 (12.26%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 16 (6.13%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (2.68%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (4.6%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 24 (9.2%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (4.6%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.6%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (3.83%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.45%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 16 (6.13%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 5 4 11 3 9 1 8 9 0 5 6 5 0 9 15
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 2 4 8 8 0 2 13 4 3 2 6 4 0 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
8 8 0 6 1 3 1 1 2 3 9 2 0 2 0 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
13 8 2 1 4 2 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
73 66 53 70
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
44 66 57 95
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
12 95 88 67
CYTB (size: 1141 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 27 (7.12%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 35 (9.23%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 24 (6.33%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (1.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 58 (15.3%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 28 (7.39%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (2.64%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 30 (7.92%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.69%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 13 (3.43%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (2.9%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 17 (4.49%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 16 7 10 19 19 2 6 5 1 5 6 13 2 10 20
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 2 2 6 22 7 0 4 7 10 6 4 7 7 3 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
15 5 0 7 7 5 1 1 0 3 11 2 2 8 9 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
9 6 0 2 9 8 1 0 1 6 1 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
105 97 89 89
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
53 100 75 152
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
24 160 115 81
ND1 (size: 975 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 35 (10.8%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 21 (6.48%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 21 (6.48%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 24 (7.41%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 64 (19.75%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 20 (6.17%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (7.41%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (3.7%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (3.09%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 11 5 18 11 20 4 8 7 0 8 5 9 2 8 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 0 9 14 9 3 0 6 9 3 10 6 7 1 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 10 1 4 8 4 0 0 5 4 8 0 3 4 6 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 11 0 0 4 7 0 1 0 7 0 0 0 1 0 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
92 96 71 66
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
39 96 56 134
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
20 107 122 76
ND2 (size: 1050 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 16 (4.58%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 44 (12.61%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 21 (6.02%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 36 (10.32%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (3.15%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 79 (22.64%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 25 (7.16%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 14 (4.01%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.3%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 11 (3.15%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (2.58%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.15%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.57%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (2.29%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (2.29%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (3.44%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.01%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.29%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 11 9 25 14 20 3 13 10 2 3 1 6 1 5 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 1 0 8 16 19 1 1 4 9 2 9 6 6 1 14
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
11 11 0 4 5 5 2 2 3 3 6 1 4 3 5 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
5 7 1 0 2 8 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
81 107 96 66
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
37 118 55 140
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
23 97 135 95
ND3 (size: 1050 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 16 (4.58%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 44 (12.61%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 21 (6.02%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 36 (10.32%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (3.15%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 79 (22.64%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 25 (7.16%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 14 (4.01%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.3%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 11 (3.15%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (2.58%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.15%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.57%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (2.29%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (2.29%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (3.44%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.01%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.29%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 11 9 25 14 20 3 13 10 2 3 1 6 1 5 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 1 0 8 16 19 1 1 4 9 2 9 6 6 1 14
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
11 11 0 4 5 5 2 2 3 3 6 1 4 3 5 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
5 7 1 0 2 8 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
81 107 96 66
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
37 118 55 140
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
23 97 135 95
ND4 (size: 1386 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 27 (5.86%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 35 (7.59%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 33 (7.16%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 40 (8.68%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 6 (1.3%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 15 (3.25%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 96 (20.82%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 37 (8.03%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 26 (5.64%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 26 (5.64%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 15 (3.25%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.04%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 20 (4.34%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 6 (1.3%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (2.6%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (1.95%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (2.39%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 11 (2.39%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 11 (2.39%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.39%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
13 24 15 23 15 23 11 23 10 1 3 4 8 0 7 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
11 3 3 9 11 15 0 3 8 10 6 7 10 7 2 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
15 12 4 5 11 8 0 4 5 7 7 1 1 4 5 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 12 0 1 5 11 0 3 4 2 2 1 0 0 0 19
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
95 131 133 103
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
74 125 74 189
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
39 145 176 102
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 14 (14.29%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 9 (9.18%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 23 (23.47%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 1 5 4 5 10 2 2 2 1 0 0 3 0 5 1
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 3 0 1 7 6 0 1 3 1 1 0 1 1 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 1 1 1 1 4 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 1 0 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
27 33 19 20
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
16 29 14 40
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
7 30 40 22
ND5 (size: 1839 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 33 (5.39%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 51 (8.33%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 43 (7.03%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 68 (11.11%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 6 (0.98%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 27 (4.41%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 97 (15.85%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 49 (8.01%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 26 (4.25%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (4.58%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 40 (6.54%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (1.31%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 32 (5.23%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 20 (3.27%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 17 (2.78%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 20 (3.27%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (1.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
29 20 23 25 25 22 6 16 18 2 7 7 12 1 18 22
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 2 4 11 26 11 3 3 10 19 1 6 11 6 5 17
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
30 19 2 8 10 12 1 2 10 4 4 1 3 8 24 6
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
11 11 1 3 9 19 1 1 1 7 0 0 0 1 0 13
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
135 152 207 119
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
74 178 122 239
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
30 224 209 150
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 24 (13.87%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 18 (10.4%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 12 (6.94%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 29 (16.76%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 29 (16.76%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 11 (6.36%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (5.2%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 0 1 6 1 3 1 9 0 0 8 0 7 14 9 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 1 9 1 3 5 5 3 3 13 2 1 1 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 2 0 6 0 2 2 2 0 6 3 6 9 0 1 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 2 4 3 0 0 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 0
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
80 21 16 57
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
39 38 22 75
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
61 15 35 63
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11441 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 247 (6.48%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 348 (9.13%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 237 (6.22%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 309 (8.11%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 28 (0.73%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 233 (6.11%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 653 (17.13%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 273 (7.16%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 147 (3.86%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 215 (5.64%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 228 (5.98%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 112 (2.94%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 122 (3.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 75 (1.97%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 107 (2.81%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 113 (2.96%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 98 (2.57%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 106 (2.78%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 76 (1.99%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 75 (1.97%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
142 131 97 172 132 168 39 114 85 13 62 53 88 30 109 119
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
50 15 13 78 150 103 17 30 77 91 49 51 84 57 23 78
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
121 96 14 54 67 54 9 12 41 51 61 18 28 40 73 30
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
76 88 19 17 58 71 5 10 14 44 7 1 0 8 2 104
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
1010 1005 972 826
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
526 1056 697 1534
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
323 1270 1269 951

>NC_000861.1 Salvelinus alpinus mitochondrion, complete genome
ACGCCCCCTAATATGTACAATAATGAATGTTGTATCTCAACAAATTAGTGTTATAACACATCTATGTATA
ATATTGCATATTGTGTATTTACCCATATATACAATACTTGTATGATGAGTAGTACATCATATGTATTATC
AACATAAGTGAATTTAAGCCCTCATATATCAGCATAAACCGGAGATTTACATAAGCTAAACACGTGATAA
TAACCAACTAGGTTGTTTTAACTTAGGCAATTGCTATATTAATAAAACTCCAACTAACACGGGCTCCGTC
TTTACCCACCAACTTTCAGCATCAGTCCTACTTAATGTAGTAAGAACCGACCAACGATTTATCAGTAGGC
ATACTCTTATTGATGGTCAGGGGCAGATATCGTATTAGGTAACATCTCGTGAATTATTCCTGGCATTTGG
TTCCTAAGTCGAGGGCTATCCTTAAGAAACCAGCCCCTGAAAGCCGAATGTAAAGCATCTGGTTAATGGT
GTCAATCTTATTGTTCGTTACCCACCAAGCCGGGCGTTCTCTTATATGCATAGGGTTCTCCTTTTTTTTT
TTTCCTTTCAGCTTGCATATACAAGTGCAAGCAAAGAAATCTAACAAGGTCGAACTGGATCTTGAATTCC
AGAGAACCCATGTATCATGGTGAAATGATATTCTATAAAGAATCACATATTTGGATATCAAGTGCATAAA
GTCTAATATTCTCTTCACAAATACCTGTGTTATCTCCCCGGCTTCCGCGCGGTAAACCCCCCTACCCCCC
TACACCGAAAGATCCTTATGTTCCTGTTAAACCCCTAAACCAGGAGATCTAAAATCAGCATTAATATTTT
TATATTACATTAATAAACTTAATGCACTTTATAACATCAAGCAACAACACTCAACAGGCCAGCTCTCATA
AATAAAGTATACATTAACTTTAAAAAACCTTATAATGCCTACACCGATGGTTATTAGGTAAACCCCCCCC
CCGGCACCATGGCCCTCTGCTGGCGTAGCTTAATTAAAGCATAACACTGAAGCTGTTAAGATGGACCCTA
AAAAGTCCCACAGGCACAAAGGCTTGGTCCTGACTTTACTATCAGCTTTAACTGAACTTACACATGCAAG
TCTCCGCATTCCTGTGAGGATGCCCTTAATCCCCTGCCCGGGGACGAGGAGCCGGCATCAGGCGCGCCCA
GGCAGCCCAAGACGCCTTGCTAAGCCACACCCCCAAGGAAACTCAGCAGTGATAGATATTAAGCCATAAG
CGAAAGCTTGACTTAGTTAAGGTTAAGAGGGCCGGTAAAACTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATACGAGAG
GCCCTAGTTGATAACTACCGGCGTAAAGAGTGGTTACGGAAAAATGTTTAATAAAGCCGAACACCCCCTC
AGCCGTCATACGCACCTGGGGGCACGAAGACCTACTGCGAAAGCAGCTTTAATTGTACCCGAACCCACGA
CAGCTACGACACAAACTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCCTAGCCGTAAACTTTGATAGAAAAATACAAC
TGATATCCGCCAGGGAACTACAAGCGCCAGCTTAAAACCCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCCTCAGACCCACCT
AGAGGAGCCTGTTCTAGAACCGATAACCCCCGTTCAACCTCACCACCTCTTGTTTTCCCCGCCTATATAC
CACCGTCGTCAGCTTACCCTATGAAGGCCCGATAGTAAGCAAAATGGGTAAGACCCAAAACGTCAGGTCG
AGGTGTAGCGCATGGGGTGGGAAGAAATGGGCTACATTCTCTAAATTAGAGCACTACGAACCACGTTGTG
AAACCAACGTCCGAAGGTGGATTTAGCAGTAAACAGAAAACAGAGAGTTCTCTTGAAACTGGCTCTGAGG
CGCGCACACACCGCCCGTCACTCTCCCCAAGTTTAATTTATCCTTCTAACTAAGAAGTTAACCAAACAAA
GGGGAGGCAAGTCGTAACATGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCGCTTGGAATAACCAGAGTGTAGCTAAAAT
AGGAAAGCACCTCCCTTACACCGAGAAGACATCCGTGCAAATCGGGTCACCCTGAGCTGACTAGCTAGCC
AACACATTTGGTCTAACACCACAACATATATAACCCCACAAAACTTAAAATTAAGTCAACAAACCATTTT
TCCACCTTAGTACGGGCGACAGAAAAGGAGATAATTGAGCAACAGAAAAAGTACCGCAAGGGAAAGCTGA
AAGAGAACTGAAACAACCCATTTAAGCCTAGAAAAGCAGAGATTAAATCTCGTACCTTTTGCATCATGAT
TTAGCCAGCAAACCAGAGCAAAGAGAACTTTAGTTCAGGCCCCCGAAACTAGACGAGCTACTCCGGGACA
GCCTATTATAGGGCCAACCCGTCTCTGTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGACGAGCCCCGAGTAGAGGTGATAAACCT
ATCGAGCCTAGTTATAGCTGGTTGCTTAGGAAATGAATAGAAGTTCAGCCCCCTGGCTTTCTTAAGACCC
CAAGGTAAAACTAACCTTGTCCCAAAGAAACCAAGAGAGTTAATCAAAGGAGGTACAGCTCCTTTGAACA
AGGACACAACCTTTACAGGCGGCTAAGGATCATAATTAATAAGGTAACCTGTTACAGTGGGCCTAAGAGC
AGCCACCTGCACAGAAAGCGTTAAAGCTCAGACAGATATAAACCTCTTATCCTGATAAGAAATCCCACCC
CCCTAACCGTACTAAGCCGCTCCATGCCCCCATGGAAGAGATTATGCTAGAATGAGTAATAAGAGAGAAT
AACTCTCTCCCAGCACATGTGTAAGTCGGACCGGACCCCCCACCGACAAATAACGAACCCAAGCCAAGAG
GGAACTGTAGGCCAGAGTAAACACCGAGAAAAACCTACACAACTAATCGTTAACCCTACACAGGAGTGCC
CACAGGGAAAGACCCAAAGGAAGAGAAGGAACTCGGCAAACACAAGCCTCGCCTGTTTACCAAAAACATC
CGCCTCTTGCAAATCAAAGCATAAGAGGTCCCGCCTGCCCTGTGACTATGGGTTTAACGGCCGCGGTATT
TTGACCGTGCGAAGGTAGCGCAATCACTTGTCTTTTAAATGAAGACCTGTATGAATGGCATCACGAGGGC
TTAGCTGTCTCCTCTCCCAAGTCAATGAAATTGATCTGCCCGTGCAGAAGCGGGCATAAGTACATAAGAC
GAGAAGACCCTATGGAGCTTTAGACACCAGGCAGATCACGTCAAGTAAACTTAAATTAACAAGTAAAAAC
GCAGTGACCCCTAGCCCATATGTCTTTGGTTGGGGCGACCGCGGGGGAAAATAAAGCCCCCATGTGGACT
GGGGGCACTGCCCCCACAGCCGAGAGCTACAGCTCTAAGCACCAGAATTTCTGACCAAAAATGATCCGGC
GAACGCCGATCAACGGACCGAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCTCTCCCAGAGTCCCTATCGACG
AGGGGGTTTACGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGT
TCAACGATTAAAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGTAATCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTATGAAGT
GATGTTTCCTAGTACGAAAGGACCGGAAAGAAGGGGCCCATGCTTAAGGCACGCCCCACCCCCACCTGAT
GAAGGCAACTAAAACAGACAAGGGGGCACACCGAGATTGCCAAAAAGAACGGCGCGCTAAGGTGGCAGAG
CCCGGTAATTGCGAGAGGCCTAAGCCCTTTTTCTCAGAGGTTCAAACCCTCTCCTTAGCTATGATCACCA
CCCTAATTACCCACGTTATTAATCCACTTGCGTACATCGTGCCTGTTCTATTAGCAGTTGCCTTCCTAAC
CCTACTCGAACGAAAAGTCCTTGGGTATATGCAACTTCGAAAAGGACCCAACATCGTTGGCCCGTATGGA
TTACTTCAACCTATCGCGGACGGCCTAAAACTCTTTATTAAAGAACCAGTTCGACCCTCCACCTCCTCCC
CATTCCTATTTCTCGCTACACCTATACTTGCCCTCACACTTGCACTTACACTATGAGCCCCTATACCCAT
CCCCTACCCTATTACAGACCTGAACCTAGGAGTACTGTTTGTCCTCGCACTTTCTAGCCTTGCCGTATAT
TCTATCTTGGGCTCTGGGTGAGCTTCAAACTCCAAATATGCCTTAATTGGGGCCCTACGAGCAGTAGCAC
AAACCATCTCCTACGAAGTCAGCCTAGGCCTAATCTTACTTAGCGTAATTATCTTCACAGGAGGATTTAC
ACTCCAAACCTTCAACGTAGCTCAAGAAAGCATCTGACTACTAGTACCAGCCTGACCCCTTACCGCCATA
TGATACATTTCTACCTTGGCCGAAACAAACCGTGCACCTTTTGACCTCACAGAAGGAGAATCAGAATTAG
TTTCAGGATTCAACGTAGAATACGCTGGAGGACCATTCGCCCTCTTCTTCCTGGCTGAATACGCTAATAT
TCTTCTAATAAATACACTTTCAGCCGTCCTATTTCTAGGCGCATCCCACATCCCTGCTTTCCCTGAATTA
ACAGCCGTAAATCTGATAACGAAAGCTGCCCTACTCTCCGTTGTGTTTTTGTGAGTACGAGCTTCCTACC
CACGATTTCGATACGACCAACTTATGCATTTAGTTTGAAAAAGCTTCCTTCCATTAACCCTAGCACTTGT
CCTATGACACCTCGCGCTTCCTATTGCACTAGCCGGCCTCCCTCCCCAACTTTAATTCCAAGGAATTGTG
CCTGAATGCTTAAGGACCACCTTGATAGCGTGGCTGATAGGGGTTCAAGTCCCCTCAATTCTAGAGAGAA
GGGATTCGAACCCATCCTCAAGAGATCAAAACTCTTGGTGCTTCCACTACACCACTTTCTAGTAAGGTCA
GCTAATTAAGCTTTCGGGCCCATACCCCAAATATGTTGGTTAAAATCCTTCCCTTACTAATGAACCCCTA
CGTACTTACCATCTTACTTTCTAGCTTAGGTTTAGGCACAGTCCTCACCTTCGCCAGCTCACATTGGCTT
CTCGCATGAATAGGCCTAGAAATTAATACACTCGCTATTATTCCGATCATGGCACAACAACATCACCCTC
GAGCAATTGAAGCTACTACCAAATATTTTTTAACACAAGCAACCGCCGCAGCAATGATCCTATTTGCTAG
TACTACCAATGCCTGACTAGTAGGAGAATGAGAAATTCACCAGCTATCCCACCCCTTGGCAACTACAACA
GCAATACTAGCCCTTGCACTTAAACTTGGACTAGCGCCCGTTCACTTCTGACTTCCAGAGGTTCTTCAAG
GACTTGAACTTACTACAGGACTTATCCTGTCAACATGACAAAAACTAGCACCTTTCGCACTTATAATTCA
AGTAGCCCCAGCCATTGACCCTTCCTTACTTATCGCATTAGGCCTTCTATCAATCCTCGTAGGAGGATGA
GGAGGGCTTAACCAAACCCAGCTACGTAAAATTTTAGCATACTCTTCAATCGCCCACCTAGGGTGAATAG
TGCTCATTTTACAATTCGCACCTTACCTGACACTCCTTAGCCTTTTCCTGTACATCATCATAACATCTTC
AGCATTCCTTGCACTAAAAGCCAACAACTCTTTAACTATCAACACTCTAGCAACTTCCTGAACTAAATCC
CCTGCTCTCGCCCCACTAACCGCTCTAGTATTGTTATCCCTAGGAGGCCTCCCTCCTCTCTCGGGATTTA
TGCCTAAATGACTTATTTTACAAGAACTCACAAAACAAGAACTTCCACTACCTGCCACACTAGCTGCCAT
AGCAGCCCTCCTTAGTCTCTACTTTTATCTACGCCTCTGTTATGCCATAGCCCTTACTATTTACCCCAAT
ACCTTAACTGCTATAACCCCATGACGCCTTGACTTTACTATCATTACCTTGCCCCTTTCGATTGTTACTA
TTATAGCCCTAGCCCTACTTCCCCTCACTCCAGCTGTAACTGCAATGTTAACCTTGTAAAAGGGCTTAGG
ATAGTATTAAGACCCAGAACCTTCAAAGCTCTAAGCGGGAGTGAAAATCTCCCAGCCCTTGTTAAAACTT
GCAGGACTTTATCCCACATCTTCTGAATGCAACCCAGACACTTTAATTAAGCTAAAGCCTTTCTAGGTGG
GAAGGCCTCGATCCTACAAATTCTTAGTTAACAGCTAAGCGCTCTATCCAGCGAGCATCCATCTACTTTC
CCCCGCCGTCCGGGGGGAGCGAGGCGGGGGAAAGCCCCGGCAGGCTATTAGCCTACTTCTTTAGATTTGC
AATCTAACGTGTGGTACACCACAGAGCTTGATAAGGAGAGGATTTAAACCTCTGTTCATGGAGCTACAAT
CCACCGCTAAAACTCTCAGCCACCCTACCTGTGGCAATCACACGATGATTTTTCTCAACCAACCACAAAG
ACATTGGCACCCTTTATTTAGTATTTGGTGCCTGAGCCGGAATAGTCGGCACCGCCCTTAGCCTCTTGAT
CCGGGCAGAGTTAAGCCAACCCGGAGCTCTTCTAGGGGATGACCAGATCTATAACGTAATCGTAACAGCC
CATGCCTTCGTTATGATTTTCTTTATAGTCATACCAATTATGATCGGGGGCTTTGGAAACTGATTAATCC
CTCTAATAATTGGGGCCCCAGACATAGCATTCCCTCGAATAAATAACATAAGCTTCTGACTCCTCCCACC
GTCCTTTCTCCTTCTCCTGGCTTCGTCAGGGGTTGAAGCTGGCGCCGGTACGGGATGGACAGTCTACCCC
CCTTTAGCCGGGAACCTCGCCCACGCAGGGGCCTCCGTTGATTTAACTATCTTCTCCCTTCATTTAGCTG
GCATTTCCTCAATTTTAGGGGCCATTAACTTTATCACAACCATTATTAACATGAAGCCCCCAGCTATTTC
TCAATATCAAACCCCGCTTTTTGTTTGAGCTGTGTTAGTTACTGCTGTCCTTTTATTACTTTCCCTCCCC
GTTCTAGCAGCAGGCATTACTATGTTACTCACGGACCGAAATCTAAACACCACTTTCTTTGACCCGGCAG
GCGGAGGGGACCCAATTTTATACCAACACCTCTTTTGATTCTTTGGTCACCCGGAGGTCTATATTCTTAT
TCTCCCAGGCTTTGGTATGATTTCCCACATCGTTGCATACTATTCCGGTAAAAAAGAACCCTTCGGGTAT
ATAGGAATAGTCTGAGCTATAATAGCCATCGGACTCCTAGGATTCATCGTTTGGGCCCACCATATGTTTA
CTGTCGGAATAGATGTAGACACTCGTGCCTACTTTACATCTGCCACCATAATCATCGCCATCCCCACCGG
AGTAAAAGTATTTAGCTGACTAGCCACACTACACGGCGGCTCAATTAAATGAGAAACACCGCTTCTTTGA
GCCCTGGGGTTTATTTTCCTATTTACGGTCGGGGGACTCACGGGCATTGTCCTTGCTAATTCCTCATTAG
ACATTGTTCTCCACGACACTTATTATGTGGTCGCCCACTTTCACTATGTATTATCTATAGGAGCTGTCTT
TGCCATTATAGGTGCTTTCGTACACTGATTCCCACTATTTACGGGATATACCCTCCACAGCACATGAACT
AAAATCCACTTTGGAATTATATTTATCGGTGTAAATTTAACCTTTTTCCCGCAGCATTTCCTAGGCCTCG
CAGGAATGCCCCGACGGTACTCTGACTATCCGGACGCCTACACACTATGAAACACTGTGTCCTCAATTGG
GTCTCTTATCTCCTTAGTAGCTGTAATTATATTCCTATTTATTCTTTGAGAGGCTTTTGCCGCCAAACGA
GAAGTAGCGTCAATCGAAATAACTTCAACAAACGTAGAGTGACTGCATGGATGTCCCCCACCCTACCACA
CATTTGAAGAGCCCGCATTTGTTCAAGTACAAGCAAACTAACGAGAAAGGGAGGAATTGAACCCCCATGT
GATGGTTTCAAGCCAACCGCATAACCACTCTGCCACTTTCTTCCATAAGACACTAGTAAAACTAGTCTAT
TACATTGCCTTGTCGAGGCAAAATTGTGGGTTAAAACCCCGCGTGTCTTAAGCACTTAGCTATAATGGCA
CATCCCTCACAACTAGGATTCCAAGACGCGGCCTCCCCTGTAATAGAAGAACTTCTTCATTTCCATGACC
ACGCTCTTATGATTGTTCTTCTTATCAGCACACTAGTGCTTTATATCATCGTAGCGATAGTCTCTACCAA
ACTCACTAACAAGTATATCCTTGATTCTCAAGAAATCGAGATTGTTTGAACCGTCCTCCCAGCAGTTATC
CTTATTCTTATTGCTCTCCCCTCCCTCCGAATCCTATATCTCATGGACGAAATTAATGACCCGCATCTTA
CTATTAAAGCAATGGGCCACCAATGATATTGAAGCTACGAGTACACCGATTACGAAGACTTAGGCTTTGA
CTCTTATATAGTCCCCACCCAAGATTTAGTGCCCGGCCAATTTCGCCTCCTAGAAACAGACCACCGAATA
GTTATCCCTGTAGAATCTCCGATCCGAGTTCTCGTCTCGGCTGAAGACGTCCTTCACTCCTGAGCCGTCC
CGTCCCTTGGTGTTAAAATAGACGCAGTCCCAGGACGATTAAACCAAACAGCCTTTATTGCCTCTCGACC
TGGAGTATTCTACGGACAATGTTCTGAAATCTGCGGGGCAAACCACAGCTTCATGCCCATCGTTGTTGAA
GCAGTGCCACTCGAACACTTCGAGAAATGATCCACTGTAATACTTGAAGATGCCTCACTAAGAAGCTAAA
CCGGGAATAGCGTTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAAAGATTGGTGGCCCCCAACCGCCCCTAGTGACATGCCCCAAC
TCAACCCCGCCCCCTGATTTGCTATTTTAGTATTCTCATGACTGGTTTTCTTAACTGTTATTCCCCCCAA
AGTCCTAGGCCACATCTTCACAAATGAGCCTACTTCACAAAGCACTGAAAAAACTAAACCTGAACCCTGA
AACTGACCATGACACTAAGCTTCTTCGACCAGTTTATGAGCCCCACATATCTAGGCATCCCACTTATTGC
CGTGGCACTAACCATTCCCTGAATTCTCTTCCCTACCCCCTCCGCCCGTTGACTAAACAACCGTCTAATC
ACTTTACAAGGATGGTTCATCAACCGATTTACTCAGCAACTTCTTTTGCCCCTCAACTTAGGAGGCCATA
AATGAGCAGTTCTACTAACCTCCCTAATACTATTCCTTATTACCCTAAATATACTGGGCCTACTTCCGTA
TACATTTACCCCTACCACACAGCTCTCCCTAAATATAGGCCTTGCAGTACCACTATGGCTAGCGACAGTA
ATTATTGGTATGCGAAACCAACCCACCGCTGCCCTTGGTCACCTCTTGCCCGAAGGAACCCCCGTCCCTT
TAATCCCAGTGCTTATTATTATCGAAACAATTAGCCTTTTTATTCGCCCCCTCGCCCTTGGTGTACGACT
TACAGCCAATCTTACGGCAGGCCATCTTCTTATTCAACTGATCGCCACAGCAGCCTTCGTCCTCCTACCC
CTCATACCCACAGTAGCGATCTTAACCTCTATTGTCCTGTTCTTACTTACCCTTCTTGAAATTGCAGTTG
CTATGATCCAAGCCTATGTCTTTGTTCTACTCCTAAGCCTTTATTTACAAGAAAACGTCTAATGGCACAC
CAAGCACACGCATACCACATGGTTGACCCAAGCCCCTGACCTCTAACCGGCGCAATTGCCGCCCTTTTAC
TTACATCAGGCACTGCAGTCTGATTCCACTTCCACTCACTTACACTACTCACCATGGGAAATATTCTATT
ACTTCTTACCATATACCAATGATGGCGAGACATTATCCGAGAAGGCACCTTCCAAGGACACCACACACCC
CCAGTCCAAAAAGGGCTACGATACGGCATAATCTTATTTATTACCTCCGAAGTATTCTTTTTCTTAGGCT
TCTTCTGAGCTTTCTACCACTCTAGTTTAGCACCCTCGCCTGAGTTAGGGGGCTGCTGGCCCCCCACAGG
CATTATTACTCTTGACCCATTTGAAGTTCCACTTCTTAATACTGCAGTCCTTCTAGCATCTGGTGTTACC
GTTACATGAGCCCACCATAGCATTATAGAGGGGGAACGAAAACAAACCGTTCAAGCTCTTACTCTCACTA
TCTTATTAGGATTCTACTTCACTTTCCTTCAAGGTATAGAATATTATGAAGCCCCCTTTACAATCGCTGA
TGGCGTATACGGCTCTACTTTCTTTGTCGCCACAGGATTCCACGGCCTACATGTAATTATTGGCTCTACC
TTTCTAGCCATCTGCCTCCTACGACAAATTCAATACCATTTTACATCTGAACACCACTTCGGCTTTGAAG
CTGCCGCCTGATATTGACACTTTGTAGACGTCGTATGACTGTTCCTATACGTCTCTATTTACTGATGAGG
CTCATAATCTTTCTAGTATTAATACGTATAAGTGACTTCCAATCACCCGGTCTTGGTTAAAATCCAAGGA
AAGATAATGAACTTGATTACAACAATCCTTGCTATTACCATCACATTGTCCGCAGTACTAGCCACTATTT
CTTTCTGATTACCACAAATTTCCCCCGACGCAGAAAAACTCTCCCCCTACGAATGTGGATTTGACCCCCT
GGGATCCGCCCGCCTGCCCTTTTCCCTACGCTTCTTCCTAATCGCCATCCTATTCCTCCTATTTGACCTA
GAAATTGCCCTCCTCCTTCCATTGCCCTGGGGAAATCAGCTTACCACCCCAGCTCTTACACTTGCCTGAT
CCACTGCCGTGCTCGCCCTCCTCACTCTAGGCCTAATCTATGAGTGAACCCAAGGGGGCTTAGAATGAGC
CGAATAGGCAGTTAGTCCAAAACAAGACCCTTGATTTCGGCTCAAAAGACCATGGTTTAAGTCCATGACC
GCCTTATGACACCAGTACACTTCAGCTTTACCTCAGCCTTTATCCTAGGGCTTATAGGACTCGCATTTCA
CCGCACCCATCTTCTCTCAGCCCTTCTATGTTTAGAAGGTATAATATTATCTCTATTTATTGCCCTATCC
CTATGAGCCCTCCAGATAGAAGCAACTGGCTACTCAGTAGCTCCCATACTTCTGCTAGCATTTTCAGCCT
GTGAGGCCAGCGCAGGCCTAGCCCTGCTAGTAGCAACTGCACGAACTCATGGCACGGACCGCCTCCAAAG
CCTAAATCTACTCCAATGTTAAAAATCCTGATCCCTACACTCATGCTTATCCCAACGATTTGACTTAGCC
CCGCAAAATGACTATGAACTACATCAATCGCACAGAGTTTAATTATCGCCTTAGCAAGTTTATCCTGACT
TAAATGATCATCAGAAACCGGGTGGTCCTCCTCTAACCTTTATCTAGCAACCGACCCCTTATCAACACCT
CTGCTAGTATTAACCTGCTGATTATTACCCCTTATAATCCTTGCTAGCCAAAATCACATCTCTCCTGAAC
CCCTAAACCGCCAACGAACCTACATCTCCCTTCTGGTCTCCCTTCAAACATTTCTAATCTTAGCATTCGG
GGCCACAGAAATCATCATATTTTACGTCATATTTGAAGCCACACTACTCCCGACCCTTATCATTATCACC
CGGTGAGGAAATCAAACAGAACGTCTTAACGCCGGCACCTACTTCTTATTCTATACCTTAGCAGGCTCCC
TACCACTCCTCGTAGCCCTACTTTTACTACAAGACGACAGCGGGACCCTATCTATATTTACTCTCCAATA
CACAAAACCTCTGCACCTATTAACGTGAGGAGATAAATTATGATGAGCTGCCTGTCTCTTAGCTTTTCTT
GTAAAAATACCTCTGTACGGAGTACACCTTTGACTTCCAAAAGCACACGTAGAAGCCCCAATCGCAGGAT
CCATAATCCTCGCAGCTGTCCTCCTTAAACTGGGAGGCTACGGCATGATACGCATGATAGTTATATTAGA
CCCACTAACCAAAGAACTAGCTTATCCCTTTATTGTTTTGGCCCTCTGAGGCATTATTATGACTGGGTCT
ATTTGCCTACGTCAAACGGACCTGAAATCACTAATCGCATATTCTTCAGTAGGCCACATAGGATTAGTAG
CAGGGGGCATTATGATCCAAACACCATGAGGATTCACTGGTGCAATTATCCTTATAATCGCACACGGTCT
CGCCTCCTCAGCACTATTCTGCTTAGCCAACACTAGTTATGAACGCACACACAGCCGTACTATGCTTTTA
GCTCGCGGAATACAAATAGTTCTTCCCCTAATGACCACTTGATGATTCGTAGCTAGTTTAGCTAATCTGG
CTCTCCCACCTCTCCCTAATCTAATAGGAGAACTAATGATCATCACTTCCATATTTAACTGATCATATTG
AACCCTACTTCTCACGGGACTAGGCACATTAATTACAGCAAGCTACTCCCTTTATCTGTTCTTAATGACC
CAACGGGGGCCCCTGCCCTCCCACATCATCGCCCTTGAACCCACCCACACCCGAGAACACCTACTTATTA
CTTTACATCTCATCCCCATTGTCCTCCTAATTCTGAAACCGGAACTTATGTGAGGTTGATGTTTCTGTAG
ATATAGTTTAACCAAAACATTAGATTGTGATTCTAAAGACAGAGGTTAAAATCCTCTTATTCACCGAGAG
AAATCTGTTGATGTTAGAGACTGCTAATCTTCTATCCCCTTGGTTAAATTCCGTGGTTCACTCGTGCTTC
TAAAGGATAACAGCTCATCCGTTGGTCTTAGGAACCAAAAACTCTTGGTGCAAATCCAAGTAGTAGCTAT
GCACCCGACTACACTCATCCTAAGCTCAACCCTTTTAATTATCTTCGCACTTCTCACTTACCCCCTTATC
ACCACCCTAAACCCAACCCCCCAACATGAAAACTGAGCCCTTACTCACGTAAAAACCGCTATCAAAACAG
CTTTCCTAGTAAGCCTACTCCCCCTCTTTATTTTCCTAGACCAAGGGACCGAAACAATTGTTACTAATTG
ACAATGGATAAACACCACAACCTTCGACATCAACCTCAGTTTTAAATTTGACCACTATTCCATTATTTTC
ACCCCCATTGCCCTCTACGTAACCTGATCTATTCTCGAATTTGCATCCTGATATATACATGCCGACCCCA
ATATGAACCGATTCTTTAAATATCTCCTCCTCTTCCTAATTGCCATAATTATCTTAGTAACCGCCAACAA
CATATTCCAACTATTTATTGGCTGAGAAGGAGTTGGCATTATATCGTTCCTCCTCATTGGATGATGACAC
GGCCGAGCTGACGCTAATACAGCTGCCATACAAGCTGTGATTTATAACCGAGTCGGAGACATTGGACTTA
TTCTAAGCATAGCATGATTCGCAACAAACCTTAACTCCTGAGAAATTCAACAAATATTTGCCTCTTCAAA
AGGACTTGACCTTACACTCCCACTCATAGGCCTCATTCTAGCCGCCACCGGTAAATCAGCGCAATTTGGA
CTTCATCCGTGACTTCCTTCCGCGATAGAAGGTCCTACGCCGGTATCTGCCCTACTTCACTCTAGCACTA
TAGTCGTAGCGGGCATCTTTCTTTTAATTCGACTCCACCCTCTTATAGAAAATAACCAAACAGCCCTAAC
CACCTGCTTATGTTTAGGAGCCCTCACCACCTTGTTTACTGCTACCTGCGCCCTAACACAAAACGACATC
AAAAAAATCGTCGCATTTTCTACATCCAGTCAACTGGGACTGATAATAGTAACCATCGGACTTAACCAAC
CACAATTAGCCTTCTTACATATCTGTACCCACGCATTCTTTAAAGCTATGCTATTCCTCTGCTCCGGCTC
AATCATTCACAGCTTAAATGATGAACAAGACATTCGTAAAATAGGAGGCATACATAACCTTACCCCCCTT
ACTTCATCCTGCCTTACAATTGGAAGCTTGGCACTTACTGGAACTCCATTCTTAGCAGGATTCTTTTCCA
AAGATGCTATTATTGAAGCCTTAAATACCTCTCACCTTAACGCCTGAGCCCTCACTCTTACCTTACTGGC
CACCTCTTTCACTGCCGTTTACAGCCTCCGAGTAATCTTCTTCGTCTCTATAGGACACCCCCGCTTTACA
GCTGTAACCCCTATTAATGAAAACAACCCCTCCGTAATCAACCCGATCAAACGACTAGCCTGAGGAAGCA
TCATTGCAGGACTTCTAATTACCTCAAACTTCCTGCCCTCCAAAACCCCAGTAATAACTATACCTCTCTC
ATTAAAATTGGCCGCCCTCCTAGTTACCATCTCAGGCCTTCTAATTGCATTAGAACTTGCATCACTAACT
GGTAAACAGTTTAAAACTACGCCCAACCTCGTTACCCATAACTTCTCAAACATACTTGGATTCTTTCCTG
CCGTCGTCCACCGATTAGCCCCAAAGCTAAACTTAACCCTAGGACAAACTATTGCCAGCCAGATAGTAGA
TCAAACATGATTTGAGAAAATCGGCCCGAAAGGAGTTATCTCAACTAACCTGCCCATAGTCACAACAACA
AGCAATATCCAACAAGGCATAATTAAAACATACCTCACTCTATTTTTCCTCTCAACAGCTCTGGCCGTTC
TACTTACATTAACCTAAACTGCTCGAAGCGCCCCTCGACTTAGCCCCCGAGTTAACTCCAACACCACAAA
AAGTGTTAATAGAAGCACCCACGCGCATGCAATTAACATCCCACCGCCGTAAGAGTATATTAGAGCCACG
CCACTGGTATCACCCCGCAAAACAGAAAACTCCTTAAATTCATCTACCACCACCCACGAGGTTTCATACC
ATCCACCCCAAAACCAACCCGCTACCAACACCACCCCCACTGTATATACCACTACATACCCTAAAACCGA
ACGATCCCCCCAAGACTCAGGAAAGGGCTCAGCAGCCAAAGCCGCTGAATAAGCGAACACTACGAGCATC
CCTCCTAAATAAATCAAAAATAATACCAATGATAAGAAAGACCCCCCATGACCAACCAGAACCCCACATC
CCACGCCTGCCGCTACAACCAACCCCAAAGCAGCAAAGTATGGGGCAGGGTTAGAAGCAACAGCCACAAG
CCCTAAAACCAACCCAAAAAGAAATAAAGACACAAGATAAGTCATAATTCCTGCTCGGACTTTAACCGAA
ACTAATGACTTGAAAAACCACCGTTGTTATTCAACTACAAGAACCTAATGGCCAACCTCCGAAAAACCCA
CCCACTCCTAAAAATTGCTAATGACGCACTAGTCGACCTCCCTGCCCCCTCTAATATCTCAGTCTGATGA
AACTTTGGTTCACTCTTAGGCCTATGTTTGGCCACCCAAATTCTTACCGGACTCTTCCTAGCCATACACT
ACACCTCCGATATTTCAACAGCTTTTTCCTCTGTGTGCCATATCTGCCGAGATGTAAGTTACGGCTGACT
CATCCGGAATATCCACGCTAACGGAGCATCTTTCTTCTTTATCTGTATTTATATACATATCGCCCGAGGA
CTCTACTACGGGTCCTACCTATATAAAGAAACCTGAAATATTGGAGTAGTATTACTACTTCTAACTATAA
TGACTGCCTTTGTAGGCTACGTTCTTCCATGAGGGCAAATATCCTTCTGAGGAGCCACTGTAATCACAAA
CCTCCTCTCCGCTGTCCCTTACGTAGGAGGTGCCCTTGTACAATGAATTTGAGGCGGATTTTCTGTAGAC
AACGCCACCCTAACCCGATTTTTCGCCTTTCACTTCCTATTCCCCTTCGTTATTGCAGCCGCCACAGTAC
TTCACCTTCTATTTCTGCATGAAACCGGGTCCAATAACCCAGCAGGGATTAACTCCGACGCCGACAAAAT
CTCATTCCACCCCTACTTCTCGTACAAAGACCTCCTCGGTTTCGTAGCTATATTGCTTGGCCTAACAACC
CTAGCTCTTTTCGCACCTAACCTCCTAGGAGACCCGGACAATTTCACACCAGCCAACCCCCTAGTTACCC
CGCCACACATCAAGCCCGAATGGTACTTCTTATTCGCCTATGCAATTCTCCGATCTATCCCCAATAAACT
AGGAGGGGTACTCGCCCTTTTATTCTCAATCCTCGTCCTCATAGTTGTCCCGATCCTCCACACCTCTAAA
CAGCGCGGACTAACCTTTCGACCACTAACTCAATTCTTATTCTGAACCCTGGTAGCAGACATACTAATCC
TCACCTGAATTGGGGGCATGCCTGTAGAACACCCATTTATCATTATCGGCCAAGTTGCCTCTGTGATTTA
CTTCACCATCTTCCTAGTCCTCGCCCCCTTAGCCGGTTGGGCCGAAAATAAAGCCCTTGAATGAGCCTGC
CCTAGTAGCTCAGCGCCAGAGCGCCGGTCTTGTAATCCGGAAGTCGGAGGTTAAAACCCTCCCTAGTGCT
CAGAGAGAGGAGATTTTAACTCCCACCCTTAACTCCCAAAGCTAAGATTCTAAGTTAAACTACCCTCTG


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.