Viewing data for Scomber japonicus


Scientific name Scomber japonicus
Common name Chub mackerel
Maximum lifespan 18.00 years (Scomber japonicus@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16568 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7786 8782 4950 2836 4225 4557
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 470 530 299 171 255 275
Base content (%) 47.0% 53.0%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11416 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5470 5946 3658 1812 3011 2935
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 479 521 320 159 264 257
Base content (%) 47.9% 52.1%
D-loop (size: 865 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 322 543 193 129 252 291
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 372 628 223 149 291 336
Base content (%) 37.2% 62.8%
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1555 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 718 837 393 325 379 458
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 462 538 253 209 244 295
Base content (%) 46.2% 53.8%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2676 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1248 1428 689 559 570 858
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 466 534 257 209 213 321
Base content (%) 46.6% 53.4%
12S rRNA gene (size: 962 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 460 502 255 205 208 294
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 478 522 265 213 216 306
Base content (%) 47.8% 52.2%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1714 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 788 926 434 354 362 564
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 460 540 253 207 211 329
Base content (%) 46.0% 54.0%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 310 374 221 89 202 172
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 453 547 323 130 295 251
Base content (%) 45.3% 54.7%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 82 86 58 24 36 50
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 488 512 345 143 214 298
Base content (%) 48.8% 51.2%
COX1 (size: 1560 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 760 800 452 308 430 370
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 487 513 290 197 276 237
Base content (%) 48.7% 51.3%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 319 372 203 116 184 188
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 462 538 294 168 266 272
Base content (%) 46.2% 53.8%
COX3 (size: 785 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 374 411 239 135 207 204
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 476 524 304 172 264 260
Base content (%) 47.6% 52.4%
CYTB (size: 1141 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 548 593 368 180 318 275
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 480 520 323 158 279 241
Base content (%) 48.0% 52.0%
ND1 (size: 975 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 488 487 328 160 251 236
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 501 499 336 164 257 242
Base content (%) 50.1% 49.9%
ND2 (size: 1046 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 529 517 375 154 252 265
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 506 494 359 147 241 253
Base content (%) 50.6% 49.4%
ND3 (size: 349 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 174 175 121 53 110 65
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 499 501 347 152 315 186
Base content (%) 49.9% 50.1%
ND4 (size: 1381 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 647 734 444 203 368 366
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 469 531 322 147 266 265
Base content (%) 46.9% 53.1%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 154 143 107 47 78 65
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 519 481 360 158 263 219
Base content (%) 51.9% 48.1%
ND5 (size: 1839 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 856 983 588 268 496 487
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 465 535 320 146 270 265
Base content (%) 46.5% 53.5%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 237 285 158 79 84 201
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 454 546 303 151 161 385
Base content (%) 45.4% 54.6%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 20 (8.81%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 56 (24.67%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
10 7 3 11 13 21 1 9 6 1 7 6 1 0 4 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 0 0 3 9 4 1 0 5 4 2 5 5 7 0 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 8 1 1 3 2 0 0 3 0 3 0 1 3 6 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 5 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
49 80 60 39
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
25 60 32 111
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
15 81 80 52
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPAPWLAILVFSWSVFLIVLPPKVMAHTFPNEPTLQSTEKPKTEPWNCPWR*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 6 (10.91%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 10 (18.18%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 1 1 3 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 0 1 1 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 4 1 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
10 20 15 11
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
7 19 13 17
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
7 19 22 8
COX1 (size: 1560 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 48 (9.25%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 45 (8.67%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 29 (5.59%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 33 (6.36%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 45 (8.67%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 66 (12.72%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 36 (6.94%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 22 (4.24%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 27 (5.2%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 40 (7.71%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 20 (3.85%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 19 (3.66%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 16 (3.08%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 13 (2.5%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (2.89%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (1.35%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 19 (3.66%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (1.54%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 10 (1.93%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
17 19 9 19 11 20 8 5 5 2 14 12 13 6 12 28
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
13 0 1 7 21 15 2 7 16 14 11 8 11 7 1 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
8 18 3 7 11 5 2 1 3 4 16 2 3 3 12 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
16 10 3 1 15 8 0 1 1 7 1 0 1 0 0 17
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
167 121 119 113
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
83 130 98 209
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
58 201 153 108
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 19 (8.3%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (8.73%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 29 (12.66%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 19 (8.3%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (1.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 8 8 9 5 11 3 0 6 1 9 3 6 2 3 7
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 1 1 2 8 6 0 0 3 5 1 3 8 2 1 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 4 1 1 9 5 1 0 3 3 6 0 1 1 5 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 11 3 4 10 2 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
73 65 49 43
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
25 54 63 88
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
18 84 76 52
COX3 (size: 785 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 21 (8.08%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 21 (8.08%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 25 (9.62%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (7.69%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 31 (11.92%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 24 (9.23%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 6 (2.31%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 9 (3.46%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (2.31%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 17 (6.54%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.31%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 3 5 5 10 13 2 1 6 0 6 4 9 1 9 15
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 1 5 9 7 0 3 6 9 3 2 7 2 1 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 16 0 1 5 3 0 0 4 3 9 1 0 1 1 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
15 8 1 1 5 2 0 0 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
77 71 53 60
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
45 67 54 95
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
13 101 96 51
CYTB (size: 1141 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 31 (8.18%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 24 (6.33%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 29 (7.65%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 62 (16.36%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (5.8%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 33 (8.71%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 13 (3.43%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (2.9%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 7 (1.85%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 18 (4.75%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 11 (2.9%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
18 8 4 17 18 19 4 3 4 2 5 13 9 2 5 28
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 3 3 9 19 0 3 13 7 3 3 8 11 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
12 8 0 5 9 7 1 0 2 1 11 0 1 4 14 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 4 3 1 10 6 2 1 2 4 1 0 0 0 0 13
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
104 105 84 87
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
52 96 73 159
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
24 167 118 71
ND1 (size: 975 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (5.25%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 38 (11.73%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 19 (5.86%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 61 (18.83%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 26 (8.02%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (3.7%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 25 (7.72%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 17 (5.25%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (3.7%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 5 (1.54%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 14 5 15 17 19 5 4 5 1 1 6 9 2 7 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 0 0 4 21 10 3 0 10 3 4 5 11 8 1 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
8 7 1 1 9 5 1 0 3 4 8 2 1 2 9 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 5 6 2 2 8 0 1 0 5 2 0 0 1 0 6
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
88 100 78 59
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
36 97 58 134
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
36 131 100 58
ND2 (size: 1046 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.19%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 43 (12.39%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 22 (6.34%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 42 (12.1%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 77 (22.19%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 21 (6.05%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 13 (3.75%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.34%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (3.75%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.86%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (3.46%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 12 8 19 25 19 7 6 9 3 0 4 3 1 4 9
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 1 0 5 20 16 2 4 6 5 3 5 9 6 2 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
20 13 1 4 5 6 0 0 7 2 5 4 1 4 5 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 5 1 0 3 6 3 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 7
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
78 115 101 54
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
41 122 53 132
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
35 138 110 65
ND3 (size: 1046 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.19%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 43 (12.39%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 22 (6.34%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 42 (12.1%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 77 (22.19%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 21 (6.05%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 13 (3.75%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.34%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (3.75%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.86%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (3.46%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 12 8 19 25 19 7 6 9 3 0 4 3 1 4 9
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 1 0 5 20 16 2 4 6 5 3 5 9 6 2 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
20 13 1 4 5 6 0 0 7 2 5 4 1 4 5 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 5 1 0 3 6 3 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 7
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
78 115 101 54
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
41 122 53 132
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
35 138 110 65
ND4 (size: 1381 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 27 (5.88%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 40 (8.71%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 29 (6.32%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 42 (9.15%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 99 (21.57%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 34 (7.41%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 26 (5.66%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 25 (5.45%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 15 (3.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 15 (3.27%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 18 (3.92%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.65%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 13 (2.83%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.96%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
21 13 18 20 30 26 10 12 9 2 5 1 5 3 4 11
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
8 1 3 3 22 15 0 7 10 7 3 7 13 5 0 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
19 15 2 5 10 6 0 3 5 5 10 3 1 2 12 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 8 5 0 3 8 1 0 3 8 0 0 0 0 0 15
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
97 144 133 86
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
68 128 76 188
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
38 172 157 93
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 12 (12.24%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (13.27%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 10 (10.2%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 23 (23.47%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 0 2 3 7 9 1 3 2 1 1 0 1 0 3 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 2 3 5 3 1 0 3 1 1 2 0 0 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
8 1 0 0 3 6 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
22 32 21 24
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
16 33 12 38
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
9 42 32 16
ND5 (size: 1839 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 59 (9.64%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 45 (7.35%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 59 (9.64%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 6 (0.98%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 96 (15.69%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 48 (7.84%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 26 (4.25%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 38 (6.21%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (1.8%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (1.8%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 28 (4.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 20 (3.27%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 16 (2.61%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 20 (3.27%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 10 (1.63%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
29 19 10 30 23 28 6 7 16 4 10 14 6 1 19 19
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
16 1 5 10 29 16 4 5 13 9 4 8 17 5 1 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
28 21 2 9 11 8 2 3 12 1 10 1 2 3 25 7
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
9 9 3 3 8 19 1 2 3 4 1 0 0 1 0 13
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
144 164 196 109
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
76 179 119 239
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
48 245 172 148
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 21 (12.14%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 19 (10.98%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 11 (6.36%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 25 (14.45%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 28 (16.18%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 9 (5.2%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (5.2%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
5 0 2 3 1 2 6 9 0 0 12 2 4 7 7 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 5 0 8 4 5 2 1 3 10 7 5 0 0 1 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 0 2 6 0 2 0 1 2 9 0 1 7 1 0 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 1 4 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
73 23 25 53
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
38 41 20 75
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
47 15 39 73
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11438 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 240 (6.3%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 353 (9.27%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 245 (6.43%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 294 (7.72%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 29 (0.76%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 234 (6.14%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 666 (17.48%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 254 (6.67%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 153 (4.02%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 222 (5.83%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 232 (6.09%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 113 (2.97%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 120 (3.15%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 77 (2.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 107 (2.81%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 118 (3.1%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 89 (2.34%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 106 (2.78%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 72 (1.89%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 79 (2.07%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
149 105 75 159 173 198 58 60 71 18 73 69 66 26 82 150
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
78 11 18 57 162 119 15 31 90 76 43 58 97 58 9 45
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
121 115 13 42 78 59 8 8 50 32 81 17 18 24 94 28
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
78 76 31 16 61 64 8 8 16 42 13 0 1 5 1 103
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
1011 1084 950 765
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
527 1056 688 1539
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
357 1443 1187 823

>NC_013723.1 Scomber japonicus mitochondrion, complete genome
GCTAGCGTAGCTTAAAACAAAGCATAACACTGAAGATGTTAAGATGGGCCCTGAAAAGTCCCGTAAGCAC
AAAGGTTTGGTCCTGACTTTACTGTCAGCTTTAGCTAAACTTACACATGCAAGTATCCGCATCCCCGTGA
GAATGCCCTAACAGTCATCCATACGAAGACAAGGAGCTGGTATCAGGCACACTCTTATACAGAAGCCCAC
GACGCCTTGCTCAGCCACACCCCCAAGGGAATTCAGCAGTGATTAACATTAAGCCATGAGTGTAAACTTG
ACTTAGTTAAAGCTAAGAGGGCCGGTAAAACTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATACGATAGGCCCAAGTTG
ACAGACCCCGGCGTAAAGCGTGGTTAGGGAAAACTCAAAACTAAAGCCGAATATCTTCAGGGCAGTTATA
CGCTTCCGAAGACACGAAGCCCTTCCACGAAAGTGACTTTATTACCCCCGACCCCACGAAAGCTAGGACA
CAAACTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCCTAGCCGTAAACATTGATAGAATTATACACCTCTCTATCCGC
CCGGATATTACGAGCATTAGCTTGAAACCCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTACTTTAGATCCCCCTAGAGGAGCCT
GCTCTATAACCGATAACCCCCGTTAAACCTCACCCTCCCTTGTTTTTTCCGCCTATATACCACCGTCGTC
AGCTCACCCTGTGAAGGCCTAATAGTAAGCAAAATTGGCACAGCCCAGAACGTCAGGTCGAGGTGTAGCG
CATGAGAGGGGAAGAAGTGGGCTACATTCGCTAACTTAGCGAATCACGGACGATGAATTGAAAACATTCA
TCCTTAAAGGAGGATTTAGCAGTAAGTGGAAAATAGAGTGTTCCACTGAAATCGGCTCTGAAGTGCGTAC
ACACCGCCCGTCACTCTCTCCAAGCCCACCCAATTACCTAACATAACTAATTATACCCAAACTGCAAAGG
AGAGGCAAGTCGTAACATGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTGGAAAAATCAGAGTATAGCTAAAATAG
TATAGCATTTCCCTTACACTGAAAAGTCATCCGTGCGAGCCGGATTACCCTGACGCCCACTAGCTAGCCC
ACCCTAGCAAAATCAACAATCCAATGTAAATAACCCCAAACACACATCACCTTCCACTAAACAAAGCATT
TTTCCCCCTTAGTATGGGAGACAGAAAAGGAACTATCGGAGCAATAGAGAAAGTACCGCAAGGGAACGCT
GAAAGAGAAATGAAACAACCCAGTGAAGCCTAAAAAAGCAGAGATTATTTCTCGTACCTTTTGCATCATG
ATTTAGCTAGTACTACCCAAGCAAAGAGCACTTTAGTTTGGACCCCCGAAACTAGGTGAGCTACTCCAAG
ACAGCCTATCAATAGGGCGAACCCGTCTCTGTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGAAGAGCTTCGAGTAGAGGTGACAG
ACCTACCGAACCTAGTTATAGCTGGTTGCCTGAGAATTGGATAGGAGTTCAGCCTCCAGGCTTCTTTATT
CGCTAAGGCTCCATTCCGGCATCCTCACCGAGATTCTAAAGAAACCTAGAGAGTTAGTCAAAGGGGGTAC
AGCCCCTTTGAAACAAGATACAACTTTCCCAGGAGGGTAAAGATCATAATTACTAAAGGTAAACTAATGC
CTAAGTGGGCCTAAAAGCAGCCATCCTTACAGAAAGCGTTACAGCTCAAGCATTAAATCCCAACCACATA
TCCGGATAACCCAATCCTAACCCCCTTAGCACTATCAGGCCGTCTCATGCATACATGAGAGCGCACATGC
TAATATGAGTAACAAGAGAGCACCCGCCTCTCTCCTCGCACACGTGTAAATCGGAACGAACCCCCACCGA
AACTTAACGGCCCCAAACAAAGAGGGTAATGAACTCTAAATAAAGAACTGGAAAACCATTCAACAAAAAA
CCGTTAACCCCACACTGGTGTGCCCCCGGGGAAAGACTAAAAGAAAAAGAAGGAACTCGGCAAATCTACC
CAAGCCTCGACTGTTTACCAAAAACATCGCCTTTTGCAAAAACAAAGAATAAAAGGTCGAGCCTGCCCAG
TGACTATATGTTCAACGGCCGCGGTATTTTAACCGTGCAAAGGTAGCGCAATCACTTGTCTTTTAAATGA
AGACCTGTATGAATGGTATTACGAGGGCTTAACTGTCTCCTTTTTCAGGTCAGTGAAATTGATCTCCCCG
TGCAGAAGCGGGGATAAAACCATAAGACGAGAAGACCCTATGGAGCTTTAAGACACTAAGCCATATCAAG
TTAAATACCCCCTAACAAGGGGCCAAACTTATTGAAATCATTGGCCGTATGTCTTCGGTTGGGGCGACCA
TGGGGAAACAAAAAACCCCCACGTGGAATGGGAGCACATTTACTCCTACAGTCAAGAGCCGCCACTCTAA
CAAACAGAATTTCTGACCAATAACTGATCCGGCAACGCCGATCAACGGACCAAGTTACCCTAGGGATAAC
AGCGCAATCCCCTTTTAGAGCCCCTATCGACAAGGGGGTTTACGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCC
AATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTGAAGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGATTAAAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCG
GAGAAATCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTATGATATGTTCTTTTCTAGTACGAAAGGACCGAAAAGAAGAGGCC
AATGCTTAAAGCACGCCTCACCTCCCCCTATTGAAAGCAACTAAAATAGGCAGAAGGGCATACCCCTTCG
TGCCTAGATAGCGGCATGTTGGTGTGGCAGAGCCCGGTTACTGCAAAAGACCTAAGCCCTTTCAACAGAG
GTTCAAGTCCTCTCTCCAACTATGATCAAACCCCTAGTAGAGTACATTCTAAACCCCCTAGCTTACATCG
TACCAGTCCTACTGGCCGTAGCTTTCCTAACTCTTATCGAACGAAAAGTACTAGGCTACATACAATTACG
AAAAGGCCCAAACATCGTAGGACCCTATGGCCTTCTCCAACCAATCGCAGATGGGGTTAAACTCTTTATT
AAAGAGCCCGTACGGCCCTCTACATCCTCCCCAGTCCTCTTCCTCCTAGCCCCCATGCTAGCCCTTACCC
TTGCCCTGACCCTCTGAGCGCCCATGCCCCTTCCACATCCTGTGACTGACCTTAACCTAGCGATCTTATT
TATCCTCGCCATATCAAGCCTAACAGTCTACTCCATCTTAGGCTCAGGATGAGCATCAAATTCAAAATAC
GCCCTAATCGGGGCCCTTCGGGCGGTAGCCCAAACCATTTCCTATGAAGTAAGCCTTGGCCTCATTCTAC
TGAACGCTATTATTTTTACAGGAGGCTTTACCCTACAAACCTTCAGCATCGCCCAAGAAGCCATCTGACT
AATTATTCCAGCCTGACCCCTAGCAGCAATATGGTATATTTCCACCCTAGCAGAAACAAACCGTGCCCCT
TTCGACCTCACCGAGGGGGAGTCCGAGCTTGTCTCAGGCTTCAACGTCGAATACGCCGGGGGCCCTTTCG
CACTCTTTTTCCTCGCAGAGTACGCCAACATCCTTCTTATAAATACACTCTCCGCTATGCTCTTCCTAGG
CGCCTCCCACATCCCCACAATGCCTGCCCTTACCACAGCCAACCTAATAATTAAAGCAGCCCTCCTCTCG
ATGGTATTCCTGTGGGTCCGAGCCTCCTACCCACGATTTCGATATGATCAGCTTATGCACCTCATCTGAA
AAAACTTCCTCCCACTTACGCTAGCCTTGGTGATTTGACATCTTGCCCTCCCCATTGCATTTGCAGGCTT
ACCGCCTCACCTGTAAAACAGGACTCGTGCCTGAATTTTAAGGACCACTTTGATAGAGTGAACTATGGGG
GTTAAAGTCCCCCCGACTCCTTAGAGAGAAGGGGTTCGAACCCTACCTAAAGAGATCAAAACTCTTTGTG
CTTCCACTACACCACTCCCTAGTAAAATAAGCTAATTCAAGCTATTGGGCCCATACCCCGAAAATGTAGG
TTAAAACCCTTCTTTTACTAATGAGCCCCTACATCTTAGCCACCCTTCTATTCAGCCTCGGCCTAGGCAC
CACAATCACCTTCGCAAGCTCACACTGACTCCTTGCATGGATAGGACTAGAAATAAATACCCTCGCCATT
ATTCCCCTAATGGCACAAAACCACCACCCTCGGGCAGTCGAAGCTACCACCAAGTATTTCCTTACTCAGG
CAACCGCAGCCGCAATACTCCTCTTTGCCAGCACTACCAACGCGTGACTTACCGGCGAGTGGAGCATCGA
ACAAATAACCCACCCCGTCCCGACCACGATGATGATTATTGCCCTAGCACTAAAAATCGGCCTCGCCCCA
GTCCACGCATGGCTACCAGAAGTGCTCCAAGGACTAGACCTGACTACAGGGCTTATTCTGTCTACTTGGC
AGAAACTTGCACCCTTTGCCCTACTCCTTCAAATCCACCCGGCAGACCCAACAATCCTTATTGGTTTAGG
ACTCGCCTCCACCCTTGTCGGTGGCTGAGGTGGTCTAAATCAAACCCAGCTGCGGAAAATCTTGGCCTAC
TCTTCAATTGCTCACCTTGGGTGAATAATTTTAATCCTGCAATTCGCTCCCTCCCTGACACTCCTGGCCC
TCCTAACATACTTCATCATAACTTTCTCAACTTTCCTCGTATTCAAGCTCAATAAAGCCACAAACATCAA
TTCACTAGCCACCTCCTGAGCAAAAGCCCCCGCACTTACAGCCCTTACCCCTCTCATCCTCCTATCCCTT
GGAGGACTCCCTCCCCTAACAGGCTTTATGCCAAAGTGACTCATCCTTCAAGAACTCTCAAAACAAGACC
TTGCCCCCGTAGCAACCGTAGCGGCCCTTAGCGCCCTCTTAAGCCTATATTTCTACTTACGCTTAACCTA
CGCCATAACCCTCACAATATCACCAAACAACCTTACTGGGACCGCTACATGACGACTGCCCTCCCTACAA
CTCACCCTCCCTCTAGCTACATCTCTAATTGCCACACTCTGTCTCCTTCCACTCACTCCTGCCGCAACAG
CACTACTTTCTTTTTAAGGGACTTAGGATAGCATGCTAGTCCAAGGGCCTTCAAAGCCTTCAGCGGGGGT
GAAAATCCCCCAGGCCCTGAATAAGACTTGCGGGACACTACCCCACATCTCCTGCATGCAAAACAGACAC
TTTAATTAAGCTAAAGCCTTCCTAGACAGGCAGGCCTCGATCCTACAAACTCTTAGTTAACAGCTAAGCG
CTCAAACCAGCGAGCATCCGTCTAGTCTTCCCCGCCTCCTTCCGGAGGGGGAAGGCGGGGAAGCCCCGGC
AGACGATTAATCTGCTCCTGGAGATTTGCAATCTCACGTGCCAAAACACCTCAGAGCTTGGTAAGAAGAG
GGCTCAAACCTCTGTATATGGGGCTACAATCCACCGCTTACTCAGCCATCCTACCTGTGGCAATCACCCG
CTGATTTTTCTCAACAAACCATAAAGACATCGGCACCCTCTACCTAGTATTTGGTGCATGAGCTGGAATA
GTTGGCACGGCCTTAAGCTTGCTTATCCGAGCTGAACTAAGTCAACCAGGGTCCCTTCTCGGCGACGACC
AAATCTACAACGTAATTGTTACGGCCCACGCCTTCGTTATAATCTTCTTTTTAGTAATGCCAGTTATGAT
TGGAGGGTTCGGAAACTGACTGATCCCCCTAATGATCGGAGCCCCCGACATGGCATTTCCCCGAATAAAT
AACATAAGCTTCTGACTTCTGCCCCCCTCTCTCCTGCTGCTCCTGTCTTCTTCGGCAGTTGAAGCCGGTG
CCGGAACTGGCTGAACAGTTTATCCTCCCCTCGCTGGGAACCTAGCACACGCCGGGGCATCAGTTGATTT
GACCATCTTCTCACTCCACCTAGCAGGTGTTTCCTCAATCCTTGGGGCCATTAACTTCATCACAACAATC
ATTAACATAAAACCTGCAGGTGTATCCCAATACCAAACCCCTCTGTTCGTCTGAGCAGTCCTAATTACAG
CTGTCCTTCTCCTTCTATCCCTACCAGTTCTTGCTGCCGGCATTACAATGCTCCTAACAGACCGAAATCT
AAATACTACCTTCTTCGACCCTGGAGGAGGGGGAGACCCCATTCTTTACCAACACCTCTTCTGATTCTTC
GGCCACCCCGAAGTCTACATTCTTATTCTTCCAGGATTCGGAATAATCTCCCATATCGTTGCCTACTACG
CCGGTAAAAAAGAACCCTTCGGCTACATGGGCATGGTATGAGCCATGATGGCCATCGGCCTACTAGGCTT
TATTGTATGAGCCCACCACATGTTTACAGTCGGAATAGACGTAGACACACGAGCGTATTTTACATCCGCA
ACTATAATCATCGCAATTCCAACGGGTGTAAAAGTCTTTAGCTGACTTGCAACCCTTCACGGAGGGGACC
TAAAATGGGACGCCCCGTTCTTATGGGCCTTAGGCTTTATTTTTCTCTTCACAGTGGGGGGCCTTACTGG
AATTGTCCTAGCCAACTCCTCTCTAGACATTGTCCTTCATGACACATACTACGTTGTAGCCCACTTCCAC
TACGTACTTTCTATGGGCGCTGTCTTCGCCATTCTTGGTGGGTTCGTGCACTGATTCCCCCTATTTACAG
GCTACACCCTACACGAGACATGAACAAAAATTCACTTCTGAGTGATGTTCGCAGGCGTAAACGTCACATT
CTTCCCCCGACACTTGCTTGGATTAGCCGGGATGCCACGACGGTACTCCGACTACCCAGACGCCTATACC
CTTTGAAACACAGTCTCCTCTATTGGGTCCCTAATCTCGCTGGTGGCGGTAATCGTGTTCCTATATATCC
TCTGAGAAGCATTTGTTTCCAAACGTGAAGTTCAGTCAGTAGAACTGGCTGAATACAACCTAGAATGACT
TCACGGCTGCCCTCCTCCTTACCACACATTCGAGGAGCCTGCATTCGTTATAGTCCAGTCTAACTGACGA
GAAAGGAAGGATTCGAACCCCCGTTAAGCTGGTTTCAAGCCAACCACATAACCACTCTGCCACTTTCTTT
ATAAGATACTAGTAAAATTACTATTACACTGCTTTGTCAAGGCAGAGTTGTGGGTGAGACTCCCGCGTTT
CTTGATTAAACAATGGCACATCCCTCACAACTAGGATTCCAAGATGCAGCTTCACCCTTGATAGAAGAAC
TTCTACACTTCCATGATCATGCCCTAATAATCCTGTTCCTAATTAGCTCGTTTGTACTTTACATTATTGT
GGTTATAATTTCAACTTCCCTTACCAACAAGTATGTACTAGACTCCCAAGAGATCGAGATTATTTGAACG
GTTCTCCCTGCCGTCATTCTTATCCTCATCGCACTTCCCTCCCTTCGAATCCTCTATCTCATAGACGAAA
TTAACGATCCTCACCTAACAATCAAAGCCGTAGGACATCAGTGATACTGAAGCTACGAATACACAGACTA
CGAAGACCTGGGCTTTGACTCTTATATGATCCCCACCAATGACCTGGCCCCCGGCCAATTCCGGCTACTT
GAAGCAGACCACCGAATAGTGGTCCCAGTTGAGTCCCCCGTTCGAGTTCTAATTTCCGCCGATGACGTTC
TCCACTCATGAGCTGTCCCTTCCCTAGGAGTAAAAATAGACGCAGTTCCCGGACGACTTAACCAAACAGC
CTTCATTACATCCCGACCAGGGGTATTCTACGGCCAATGTTCCGAAATCTGCGGAGCCAACCACAGCTTC
ATACCCATTGTAGTTGAAGCAGTTCCGCTAGAACACTTTGAAAACTGATCATCCCTAATACTTGAAGACG
CCTCGCTAAGAAGCTAAAACGGGCATAGCGTTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAAAGATTGGTGGCCCCCACCCACCC
CTAGCGACATGCCCCAGCTCAACCCAGCACCCTGGCTTGCTATCCTGGTCTTCTCATGATCAGTCTTCCT
AATTGTGCTTCCCCCAAAAGTTATAGCACACACCTTTCCAAACGAACCTACCCTTCAAAGCACAGAAAAA
CCCAAAACAGAACCGTGAAACTGCCCATGGCGCTAAGCTTCTTCGACCAATTTATATCCCCTGTCTTCAT
AGGCATCCCTCTAATAGCCCTCGCCCTAACTCTACCCTGAATCCTCTTCCCTACACCTACCCTCCGCTGA
TTAAATAACCGTCTCCTTACTCTACAAAACTGATTCATCGGACGATTTACACATGAACTTTTCCTCCCAG
TAAACGTCCCTGGACACAAATGAGCCCTATTATTGGCCTCCCTCATGTTATTCTTAATTTCCCTAAATAT
GTTAGGCCTACTTCCATACACCTTTACCCCAACAACCCAGCTCTCACTAAATATGGGCTTAGCCGTCCCC
TTTTGACTAGCAACAGTTATCATTGGGATGCGAAACCAACCAACTGAGTCACTAGGCCACCTCCTGCCAG
AAGGAACGCCCACCCTCCTCATTCCAGTCCTAATCATTATCGAAACTATTAGCCTATTCATTCGTCCCCT
TGCCCTTGGAGTTCGACTAACAGCCAACCTTACAGCCGGCCACCTTCTAATTCAACTAATCGCAACAGCT
GCATCTGTTCTTCTCCCACTAATGCCCACTGTTGCCATTCTAACCGGGATTTTATTATTCCTTTTAACAC
TCCTAGAAGTTGCTGTCGCAATGATTCAAGCTTACGTTTTCGTTCTTCTCCTAAGCCTTTACCTACAAGA
AAACGTCTAATGGCCCACCAAGCACACGCATACCATATAGTTGACCCCAGCCCCTGGCCTTTAACAGGAG
CAGTAGCTGCCCTACTAATGACATCAGGTCTCGCCATCTGATTTCACTTCCACTCCACAACACTAATAAC
TGTTGGACTTATTCTTCTACTCCTAACCATATATCAATGATGACGGGATATTGTCCGAGAAGGAACCTTT
CAAGGTCACCACACTCCCCCCGTACAAAAAGGACTCCGATACGGTATGATCCTCTTTATTACCTCAGAAG
TATTTTTCTTTCTAGGGTTCTTCTGAGCCTTTTACCACGCCAGCCTAGCCCCAACCCCTGAACTAGGCGG
CTGCTGACCACCCACAGGAATTACAACTCTTGACCCGTTTGAAGTACCCCTACTAAACACAGCAGTCCTT
CTCGCTTCCGGGGTAACAGTAACCTGAGCCCACCACAGCATTATAGAAGGCAATCGAAAAGAAACAGTTC
ACTCCCTAACACTCACAATTCTCCTGGGCTTCTACTTCACCTTCCTCCAAGCAATAGAATACTACGAGGC
TCCCTTCACAATTGCAGACGGAGTATATGGGTCTACATTTTTCGTAGCCACAGGCTTCCACGGACTCCAT
GTCATTATTGGCTCCACATTCCTGGCCGTTTGTCTTCTCCGACAAGTGCGCTATCACTTCACAAGCGACC
ACCACTTCGGATTCGAAGCAGCTGCTTGATACTGACACTTTGTAGACGTTGTCTGACTATTCCTATACGT
TTCCATCTACTGATGAGGATCATAATCTTTCTAGTATCAACTTTAGTATGAGTGACTTCCAATCACCAGG
TCTTGGTTAAAATCCAAGGAAAGATAATGAACCTACTTACATTTATTATTATTCTTACCGCTTTAATTTC
CAGCGTCCTAGCACTTGTCTCTTTCTGACTCCCCCTAATGTCGCCCGACTACGAAAAACTCTCCCCTTAC
GAATGCGGGTTTGACCCTCTTGGTTCAGCCCGCCTCCCCTTCTCACTCCGCTTCTTTCTAGTTGCCATCC
TCTTCCTGCTATTCGACCTGGAAATTGCTCTCCTCCTACCTCTCCCTTGGGGAGATCAACTTCCATCCCC
CCTCCTCACCTTTCTCTGAGCCTCTGCCGTTCTAGCCCTACTGACACTAGGCCTGATTTACGAATGACTC
CAAGGAGGCCTAGAATGAGCTGAATAGGCGATTAGTCTAAGAAAAACACTTGATTTCGGCTCAAGAACTT
GTGGTTAAAGTCCATAATTGCCTAATGACCCCTGTTCACTTCGCTTTTTCAACTACCTTCATGCTAGGCT
TAACAGGCTTAGCATTCCACCGAACCCACCTACTCTCAGCCCTATTATGTCTAGAAGCGATAATACTCTC
CCTCTTTATTGCCCTCTCAACCTGAACCCTTCAACTGGGCTCAACCAGCTTTTCAGCCTCCCCTATGCTC
CTCCTTGCCTTCTCAGCTTGCGAGGCTAGCGCAGGGCTAGCCCTTCTAGTAGCAACCTCCCGGACCCACG
GAAGCGATCGCCTACAGAGCCTAAACCTCCTACAATGCTAAAAATCTTCATCCCTACGCTTATGCTCGTA
CCTACGGCCTGGCTAACACCCGCAAAATGACTGTGGCCCACTACCCTGGCCCACAGTCTTATTATTGCAC
TAGCTAGCTTAACCTGACTGGAAAACCTCTCAGAAACAGGATGAACCTCTTTAAACCTCTACATAGCTAC
AGACCTCCTGTCTACACCCCTGCTCGTTCTCACCTGCTGACTTCTTCCCCTTATAATCTTGGCCAGCCAA
AACCATACAGCCCTCGAGCCAATTAACCGACAACGAATGTATATTACCCTTCTCACATCTCTACAAATTT
TCCTCATCATGGCATTTGGCGCCACCGAAATTATTATATTCTACGTCATATTCGAAGCCACCCTTATTCC
TACTCTAGTTATCATTACCCGCTGGGGTAACCAGACAGAACGACTTAACGCAGGCACTTACTTCCTGTTC
TATACCTTAGCCGGCTCCTTACCCCTCCTCGTTGCTCTACTCCTCCTTCAAAACAGTACAGGGACCCTAT
CCCTCCTTACCCTCCAATACTCCGCCCCTCTGCAACTATCATCTTATGCCGACAAACTATGATGAGCAGG
CTGCTTACTAGCCTTTTTAGTAAAAATACCCCTCTATGGTGTACACCTTTGACTCCCTAAAGCACACGTA
GAGGCCCCCATTGCAGGCTCAATAATCCTTGCCGCCGTGCTTCTTAAACTAGGAGGTTACGGAATAATGC
GCATAATGATTATACTAGAGCCACTAACCAAAGAACTTAGCTACCCCTTCATTATCTTCGCCCTATGAGG
TGTTATTATAACCGGCTCCATCTGCTTACGACAAACAGACTTAAAGTCCCTAATTGCCTACTCCTCCGTG
AGTCACATGGGTCTCGTTGCAGGCGGAATCCTTATCCAAACCCCCTGAGGTTTTACAGGAGCCCTAATCC
TAATAATTGCACATGGCCTAACATCTTCCGCCCTCTTCTGTCTAGCAAACACCAACTATGAACGAACACA
TAGCCGAACAATAGTGTTAGCACGAGGCCTGCAAATAGTACTCCCCCTTATAACTACCTGATGATTTATT
GCCAGCCTCGCAAACCTGGCCTTACCCCCACTCCCAAATTTAATAGGAGAGCTCATGATCATTACCTCCC
TATTCAACTGATCATACTGAACACTAGCACTGACAGGAGCAGGGACCTTAATTACTGCAGGGTACTCACT
CTACATATTCCTAATAACTCAGCGAGGCCCCCTCCCAAACCACATTCTCGCCCTCAATCCTTCACACTCC
CGCGAGCATCTACTTATAGCCCTACACCTCCTCCCCCTAATTCTTCTCATCCTTAAACCTGAACTAATTT
GAGGTTGAACCGCCTGTAGATATAGTTTAAAGCTAAAATATTAGACTGTGGCTCTAAAGATGGGGGTTAA
AGTCCCCCTACTTACCGAGAGAGTCTCGCTAGAAACGAAAACTGCTAATTTTCGCGACCCTGGTTGGACC
CCAGGGCTCACTCGAATAGCTTCTAAAGGATAACAGCTCATCCGCTGGTCTTAGGAACCAGAAACTCTTG
GTGCAAATCCAAGTAGCAGCTAATGACTTCCACCTCCGTAACAATAACAACAAGCCTAATCATTATCTTC
TCCCTGCTTGCCTACCCCGTATTCACAACCCTCTCCCCCCAGCCCCAAGCCCCTAACTGAGCAGTCGCGC
AAGTCAAGACCGCAGTTAAACTGGCATTTTTCGTTAGCTTACTCCCCTTATTTCTCTTTATAAACGAAGG
GGCCGAAACAATTATTACCAACTGAAACTGAATAAACACGCTTACTTTCGACGTTAACATTAGCCTTAAA
TTTGACCACTACTCGATTATTTTTACTCCAATTGCACTCTACGTGACATGATCAATCCTTGAGTTTGCTT
CATGATACATGCACGCTGACCCCTACATGAACCGCTTCTTTAAATACCTCCTGGTCTTTCTTATTGCCAT
GATTATTCTAGTCACAGCAAACAACATGTTTCAACTATTTATCGGCTGAGAAGGTGTTGGAATTATGTCC
TTCCTCCTAATCGGCTGATGATACGGGCGTGCAGACGCGAACACAGCGGCCCTACAAGCTGTTGTATATA
ACCGGGTCGGCGATATCGGGCTTATCCTCGCCATAGCATGAATAGCAACCAACCTTAACTCATGAGAAAT
ACAACAAATGTTTGCAGCCGCCAAAGGTCTCGACCTTACCCTTCCACTTCTAGGCCTAATTGTTGCCGCT
ACCGGAAAATCAGCACAATTTGGCCTTCACCCCTGACTCCCCTCTGCCATAGAGGGCCCCACGCCGGTCT
CTGCCCTACTTCACTCTAGCACTATGGTCGTCGCCGGTATTTTTCTCTTGGTCCGAATGAGCCCATTACT
GGAAAGTAACCAAACAGCCCTTACCCTATGTCTCTGCCTTGGAGCACTAACCACACTATTTACCGCCACC
TGCGCTCTAACCCAAAATGACATCAAAAAAATTGTTGCCTTCTCAACATCAAGCCAACTTGGCCTAATGA
TAGTTACTATTGGACTTAATCAGCCTCAACTTGCCTTCCTCCACATCTGCACACATGCCTTCTTTAAAGC
CATGCTCTTCCTCTGCTCCGGCTCTATTATTCATAGTCTAAACGATGAACAGGACATCCGTAAAATAGGA
GGAATGCACCATCTTACCCCCTTCACTTCCTCGTGCTTAACCATCGGAAGCCTCGCACTAACAGGGACCC
CCTTTTTAGCCGGCTTTTTCTCTAAAGATGCTATTATCGAAGCACTCAACACTTCCCATCTTAACGCCTG
AGCCCTCACACTGACCCTCCTTGCTACCTCATTCACAGCCATCTACAGCCTCCGCGTCGTCTTCTTCGTA
TCCATGGGCCATCCCCGATTTAACGCTCTTTCCCCTATTAACGAAAACAACCCCACAGTTATTAACCCAA
TCAAACGACTAGCGTGGGGAAGCATTATTGCTGGCCTCCTAATTACCTCCCATATTACCCCTCTAAAAAC
ACCTATTATGTCTATACCTCCCCTACTAAAACTAGCAGCCCTAATCGTCACCATCCTAGGCCTTCTTACC
GCACTAGAACTCGCCTCTCTGACAAGCAAACAGTTCAAACCCACTCCCACCCGAACCCCTCACCATTTTT
CTAACATGCTTGGCTTCTTCCCCCACATTATCCACCGCCTTACACCAAAACTCAACCTAGTCCTAGGACA
AACCATTGCCAGCCAACTAGTTGACCAAACCTGATTAGAGAAAGCTGGTCCTAAAAGCCTTGCCTCAGCC
AACATGCCCTTAATCACCACAACAAGTAATATTCAACAAGGTGTAATCAAAACCTACCTTGCCTTGTTCC
TCCTTACCCTAGCACTTGCCATTCTTGTAGTCTCTTACTAAACCGCCCGAACAGTCCCACGGCTTAACCC
CCGAGTTAACTCCAGGACCACAAATAAAGTAAGAAGAAGAGCCCATGCACTAATCACTAGTATTCCTCCT
CCCAAAGAATATATTAAAGCAACTCCCCCCGTATCTCCCCGAAACACAGAAAACGTCTCCATGTCATCTA
CAGGGACTCAAGAAGTCTCATATCATCCTCCTCAAAAGAACATACAACCTAAGGCCACCCCAACAATATA
CACCAAAATATACATAACAACGGCAGGGCTCCCTCAAGTTTCCGGATAAGGCTCAGCAGCCAAAGCTGCT
GAATAAGCAAAAACAACCAACATTCCCCCCAGATAAATTAAAAAGAGTACCAGTGACAAAAAAGAGCCTC
CATGGGCCACCAGAACACAACACCCCATGCCCGCTACTGCTACCAGGCCCAAAGCGGCGAAATAAGGAGA
AGGATTAGAAGCAACTGCAACTAGTCCTAAAACTAAACAAATCAACAGCACACATAATGCATAAGTCATA
ATTCCTGCCAGGACTCTAACCAGGACTAATGGCTTGAAAAACCACCGTTGTTATTCAACTACAAGAACCC
TAATGGCAAGCCTTCGAAAAACCCACCCACTGCTAAAAATTGCTAACGACGCACTAGTCGACCTTCCAAG
CCCCGCTAACATTTCAGTATGATGAAACTTCGGCTCACTGCTTGGTCTCTGCCTAATTTCTCAAATTCTC
ACAGGACTTTTCCTCGCAATACACTACACCCCCGATGTTGAGTCAGCATTCGACTCAGTCGCCCATATTT
GCCGAGACGTAAACTTCGGATGACTAATCCGTAATCTACATGCAAACGGCGCCTCCTTCTTCTTCATTTG
CATTTATCTCCACATCGGGCGAGGCCTTTACTACGGCTCCTACCTTTTCATGGAAACATGAAACATTGGT
GTGGTTCTTCTCCTCCTCGTAATAATAACCGCATTCGTCGGCTACGTCCTTCCCTGAGGCCAAATGTCCT
TCTGAGGGGCCACCGTCATTACAAATCTACTTTCGGCAGTCCCATACGTCGGTACTACCCTCGTTGAGTG
AATCTGAGGCGGCTTCTCAGTAGACAATGCCACCCTCACCCGGTTCTTTGCCTTCCACTTCCTATTCCCA
TTCGTTATCCTGGCAGCAACAATTCTTCACCTGCTATTCCTACATGAGACCGGGTCAAACAACCCAATTG
GCCTAAACTCCAACGCAGACAAAATCTCCTTCCACCCATACTTCACCTACAAAGACCTCCTTGGCTTTGC
CGTCCTCCTCGTGGCCCTCTCCTCTCTCGCACTCTTCTCTCCCAACCTCTTGGGAGACCCCGACAATTTC
ACACCAGCTAACCCAATAGTAACCCCTCCTCATATTAAGCCTGAATGATACTTCCTATTTGCATACGCAA
TTCTTCGCTCCATTCCAAACAAGCTAGGAGGAGTTCTTGCACTCCTAGCCTCCATTTTAATTCTTATGTT
AGTCCCCTTCCTACACACATCTAAACAACGAGCACTAACATTCCGCCCAGCATCACAGTTCCTATTTTGA
ACCCTTGTCGCAGACGTAGTCGTCCTAACCTGAATTGGAGGCATGCCAGCAGAACAGCCCTTCATTATCA
TCGGCCAAGTAGCATCTGTACTCTACTTCTCCTTATTCCTAGTCCTATTTCCCCTTACAGGCTGAGTAGA
AAACAAAATCCTTGGATGAGCCTGCATCAGTAGCTCAGCGTTTAGAGCATCGGTCTTGGTAGCCGGTGGC
GGAGGTTAAAGTCCTCCCTTTTGCTCAAAGGAGAAGGATTTTAACCTCCACCCCTAACTCCCAAAGCTAG
GATTCTACTTAAACTATCCTTTGATGCACATGCAGGCAAAATTTGCCTACATATTTACATATATGTATTT
ACACCATATATATATGTAGAACATATATATTAATTCACTCAGGGACATACCTATGTATTATATGCATACT
ACTATTTAAACCATTCATACAACAGCATATATATGATTAATATGACATAAACCATGAGTATATTTACTAT
ACACACCAATACTTTCAAGGATAGGCGAAAAGGGAACACTCCACACAAGATCGTACTTATAAATATATAC
CAAGTACCAACATCCCGTCGAATAGACTACTCTTACGCAGTAAGAGCCCACCAACAAGCTCATAACTTAA
TGTTAACGGTTATTGAGGATGAGGGACAAAAATTGTGGGGTTTTCACCTAGTGAACTATTACTGGCATCT
GGTTCCGAACTCAGGGCCATAACTTGATACTACCCCCCATTTCAATTCTTGACAGATTGCATAGATTGTT
GGTGGAGTTCATACTCTCCTTTAAGCCACATGCCGAGCGTTCTCTCCACAGGCGTCAGGTTATTTTTCTT
TTTTTTTCCTTTCATCTGGCATTTCACAGTGCATACAAATAGAAGTTGACAAGGTCGTACATTTTCCTCG
CATAAGTAAATAGCATGAATGGTGAAAAGACTTTAACAGAAGAATTACATATTAAGGCTTATAGACATAA
AGGTAAAATCAACCGACAAATCCTTAAGGTTTCCCCCCCTTTGTTTTTTCCCGTCAAACCCCCCCACCCC
CCTTAATCTCCTAAGATCACTAACACTCCTGCAAACCCCCCGGGAAACAGGAAAATCTGGAGTGGGGCAC
TTTACATCTCAAAATCCAAAAATATACATTATTGAAATAATTTAGAAA


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.