Viewing data for Gasterosteus aculeatus


Scientific name Gasterosteus aculeatus
Common name Alaskan stickleback
Maximum lifespan 8.00 years (Gasterosteus aculeatus@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 15742 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7033 8709 4352 2681 4447 4262
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 447 553 276 170 282 271
Base content (%) 44.7% 55.3%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11406 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5012 6394 3267 1745 3444 2950
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 439 561 286 153 302 259
Base content (%) 43.9% 56.1%
D-loop: No data available for this section.
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1546 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 727 819 394 333 365 454
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 470 530 255 215 236 294
Base content (%) 47.0% 53.0%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2636 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1212 1424 646 566 594 830
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 460 540 245 215 225 315
Base content (%) 46.0% 54.0%
12S rRNA gene (size: 946 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 449 497 240 209 203 294
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 475 525 254 221 215 311
Base content (%) 47.5% 52.5%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1690 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 763 927 406 357 391 536
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 451 549 240 211 231 317
Base content (%) 45.1% 54.9%

ATP6 (size: 683 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 290 393 196 94 219 174
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 425 575 287 138 321 255
Base content (%) 42.5% 57.5%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 69 99 46 23 53 46
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 411 589 274 137 315 274
Base content (%) 41.1% 58.9%
COX1 (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 682 869 401 281 490 379
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 440 560 259 181 316 244
Base content (%) 44.0% 56.0%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 293 398 182 111 196 202
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 424 576 263 161 284 292
Base content (%) 42.4% 57.6%
COX3 (size: 785 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 352 433 217 135 246 187
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 448 552 276 172 313 238
Base content (%) 44.8% 55.2%
CYTB (size: 1141 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 491 650 321 170 366 284
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 430 570 281 149 321 249
Base content (%) 43.0% 57.0%
ND1 (size: 975 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 424 551 279 145 313 238
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 435 565 286 149 321 244
Base content (%) 43.5% 56.5%
ND2 (size: 1045 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 470 575 340 130 297 278
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 450 550 325 124 284 266
Base content (%) 45.0% 55.0%
ND3 (size: 349 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 163 186 107 56 109 77
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 467 533 307 160 312 221
Base content (%) 46.7% 53.3%
ND4 (size: 1381 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 614 767 400 214 407 360
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 445 555 290 155 295 261
Base content (%) 44.5% 55.5%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 140 157 91 49 93 64
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 471 529 306 165 313 215
Base content (%) 47.1% 52.9%
ND5 (size: 1839 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 786 1053 525 261 574 479
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 427 573 285 142 312 260
Base content (%) 42.7% 57.3%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 243 279 165 78 88 191
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 466 534 316 149 169 366
Base content (%) 46.6% 53.4%

ATP6 (size: 683 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 13 (5.75%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 20 (8.85%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 8 (3.54%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 23 (10.18%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 16 (7.08%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 50 (22.12%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 19 (8.41%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (3.54%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 16 (7.08%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (5.75%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (1.33%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.21%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.77%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (3.54%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.98%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.77%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.65%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 5 6 19 6 8 4 13 6 3 4 3 8 1 12 1
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 0 6 8 6 0 3 4 6 0 2 10 4 0 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 7 1 1 1 1 0 0 5 0 3 0 0 5 3 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 4 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
54 72 64 37
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
29 62 30 106
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
11 62 79 75
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLDPSPWFAMLIFSWLVFLVVIPPKVMAHIFSNEPAMQSAEKRFTDPWTWPWP*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 9 (16.36%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 1 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 1 2 1 0 3 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 2 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 1 1 0 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
12 15 13 16
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
7 18 11 20
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
4 13 22 17
COX1 (size: 1551 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 47 (9.11%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 46 (8.91%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 31 (6.01%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 36 (6.98%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 42 (8.14%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 61 (11.82%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 40 (7.75%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 24 (4.65%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (5.43%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (8.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 18 (3.49%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 14 (2.71%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.13%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 19 (3.68%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
26 14 11 25 10 12 5 8 7 1 19 8 11 4 19 23
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
13 0 1 14 14 18 0 13 12 14 8 9 10 9 0 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 20 1 8 5 10 3 1 4 8 10 2 1 2 13 9
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 9 2 4 10 6 2 1 0 6 1 0 0 1 0 15
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
160 115 128 114
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
78 136 94 209
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
43 150 157 167
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 18 (7.86%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 11 (4.8%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 26 (11.35%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 23 (10.04%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (5.24%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (3.06%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 7 (3.06%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
13 10 7 11 2 5 2 5 7 1 3 5 5 3 4 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 2 7 4 7 0 2 1 6 0 6 3 5 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 4 0 1 4 7 1 0 3 3 7 0 1 4 2 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 12 1 3 11 3 1 1 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
70 56 59 45
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
26 56 62 86
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
15 70 81 64
COX3 (size: 785 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 15 (5.77%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 15 (5.77%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 30 (11.54%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 14 (5.38%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (3.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 25 (9.62%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (3.85%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.38%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.46%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 16 (6.15%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.31%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 3 6 10 4 8 2 6 8 1 9 2 3 1 10 15
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 1 7 8 6 1 6 8 6 2 6 4 3 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 10 1 6 3 2 0 1 3 4 7 0 0 0 1 6
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 7 3 1 4 2 0 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
74 68 52 67
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
46 68 54 93
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
15 81 80 85
CYTB (size: 1141 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 28 (7.39%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 32 (8.44%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 23 (6.07%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 27 (7.12%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 60 (15.83%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 29 (7.65%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (2.64%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 29 (7.65%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 15 (3.96%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 10 (2.64%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.32%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 19 (5.01%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (1.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
16 13 5 26 6 15 2 11 7 0 11 8 7 1 14 15
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 1 2 7 13 12 0 7 10 10 1 5 8 7 1 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
5 10 2 7 9 6 0 0 1 5 10 0 0 6 13 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 2 3 5 5 9 0 2 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
102 97 89 92
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
52 96 77 155
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
16 128 118 118
ND1 (size: 975 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 35 (10.8%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 21 (6.48%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (6.17%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 60 (18.52%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 28 (8.64%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (2.78%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (7.41%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 19 (5.86%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (3.09%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 12 (3.7%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 5 (1.54%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
17 11 7 23 5 16 3 13 7 0 4 3 11 2 14 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 0 9 21 4 1 5 5 6 2 6 8 8 2 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 3 0 7 7 4 0 0 3 5 5 1 0 7 5 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 10 1 1 3 4 3 2 0 3 3 0 0 1 0 7
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
88 91 77 69
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
37 95 57 136
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
20 93 104 108
ND2 (size: 1045 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.19%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 41 (11.82%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 25 (7.2%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 43 (12.39%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 73 (21.04%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (5.19%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 16 (4.61%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (6.05%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 16 (4.61%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.58%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (3.46%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 6 10 31 11 17 2 11 12 0 3 1 4 1 4 12
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 0 0 8 15 18 0 3 6 9 0 5 7 9 0 10
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
21 12 0 9 8 4 0 1 3 2 5 2 1 5 4 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 5 1 1 1 6 2 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
76 107 98 67
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
37 126 53 132
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
17 107 127 97
ND3 (size: 1045 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.19%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 41 (11.82%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 25 (7.2%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 43 (12.39%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 73 (21.04%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (5.19%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 16 (4.61%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (6.05%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 16 (4.61%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.58%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (3.46%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 6 10 31 11 17 2 11 12 0 3 1 4 1 4 12
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 0 0 8 15 18 0 3 6 9 0 5 7 9 0 10
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
21 12 0 9 8 4 0 1 3 2 5 2 1 5 4 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 5 1 1 1 6 2 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
76 107 98 67
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
37 126 53 132
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
17 107 127 97
ND4 (size: 1381 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 24 (5.23%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 39 (8.5%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 34 (7.41%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 41 (8.93%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 5 (1.09%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (4.36%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 94 (20.48%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 35 (7.63%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 21 (4.58%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 26 (5.66%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 17 (3.7%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 19 (4.14%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 6 (1.31%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.96%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
21 14 14 30 16 24 6 14 8 2 4 5 9 2 9 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 0 5 12 14 12 1 7 5 7 5 5 12 9 0 12
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 15 4 6 8 6 0 5 9 7 7 4 4 1 11 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 10 1 1 5 8 1 2 2 3 4 0 0 0 0 15
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
100 135 132 93
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
73 126 74 187
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
41 139 154 126
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 14 (14.29%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 9 (9.18%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 24 (24.49%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 0 3 7 4 6 3 3 3 0 1 1 0 0 3 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 1 2 5 5 4 0 1 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 3 0 3 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
26 32 17 24
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
13 31 16 39
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
10 28 31 30
ND5 (size: 1839 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 35 (5.72%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 56 (9.15%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 50 (8.17%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 53 (8.66%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 7 (1.14%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 34 (5.56%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 93 (15.2%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 50 (8.17%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 24 (3.92%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (4.58%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 45 (7.35%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (1.8%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (1.8%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 13 (2.12%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 25 (4.08%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 19 (3.1%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 19 (3.1%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (1.8%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
26 24 16 30 22 16 4 19 16 3 14 8 11 1 25 20
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
8 5 2 18 28 10 0 8 12 9 6 12 10 6 0 13
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
20 20 0 14 10 12 2 2 10 6 5 2 2 8 17 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 11 2 4 7 16 3 2 1 8 0 0 0 1 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
149 144 183 137
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
79 175 113 246
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
33 206 183 191
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (15.03%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 15 (8.67%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 14 (8.09%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 24 (13.87%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 29 (16.76%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (6.36%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 1 4 7 1 2 1 10 0 1 10 3 6 5 9 1
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 1 0 6 3 5 1 3 4 6 13 2 0 1 3 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 0 0 5 1 4 0 3 1 8 0 4 8 1 1 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 1 5 2 1 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
74 24 23 53
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
41 35 22 76
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
50 19 43 62
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11427 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 252 (6.62%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 352 (9.25%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 257 (6.75%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 289 (7.6%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 25 (0.66%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 236 (6.2%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 632 (16.61%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 266 (6.99%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 156 (4.1%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 216 (5.68%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 246 (6.47%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 109 (2.86%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 119 (3.13%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 78 (2.05%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 100 (2.63%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 114 (3.0%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 98 (2.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 106 (2.79%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 70 (1.84%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 79 (2.08%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
162 104 92 226 94 137 36 120 86 12 85 50 78 23 130 116
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
64 10 15 104 139 105 4 58 73 82 39 67 77 66 6 73
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
97 110 9 69 62 61 8 14 43 49 60 17 19 40 74 38
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
68 79 21 24 54 58 12 18 8 39 14 0 0 6 0 102
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
1018 992 952 844
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
532 1057 681 1536
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
284 1134 1221 1167

>NC_041244.1 Gasterosteus aculeatus mitochondrion, complete genome
GCTAGCGTAGCTTAACTAAAGCATAACACTGAAGATGTTAAGATGGGCCCTAGAAAGCCTCGCAAGCACA
AAGGCTTGGTCCTGACTTTGACATCAACTTTAGCCAAACTTACACATGCAAGTATCCGCGCCCCTGTGAG
GATGCCCCACAGTTCCCCGCCCGGGAACAAGGAGCTGGTATCAGGCACATCTTTTTGAGCCCACGACGCC
TTGCTTAGCCACACCCCCAAGGGAATTCAGCAGTGACAAACATTAAGCTATAAGTGAAAACTTGACTTAG
TTAAAGCTAAGAGGGCCGGTAAAACTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATACGAGAGGCCCAAGTTGATGAAT
TACGGCGTAAAGAGTGGTTAAGCTAAAATTAAAACTAAAGCCGAACACCCCCAAAGCTGTTATACGCATC
CGGAGGTGAGAAGTTCAACCACGAAGGTGGCTTTATCTAACCTGAACCCACGAAAGCTACGGCACAAACT
GGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCCTAGCCCTAAACATTGATAGAATTTTACAACCACTATCCGCCCGGGGA
CTACAAGCATCAGCTTGAAACCCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCTTTAGATCCACCTAGAGGAGCCTGTTCTAG
AACCGATAACCCCCGTTTAACCTCACCTCCCCTTGTTAATACCGCCTATATACCACCGTCGTCAGCTTAC
CCTGTGAGGGACCAATAGTAAGCTAAACTGGTATAACCCTAAACGTCAGGTCGAGGTGTAGCGTATGAGG
AGGGAAGAAATGGGCTACATTCGCTACAAATAGCGAACACGAATGATGTCCTGAAACGTACATCTGAAGG
AGGATTTAGCAGTAAGTAGAAAATAGAGTGTTCTACTGAAATTGGCCCTGAAGCGCGCACACATCGCCCG
TCACTCTCCCCAAGCCTAACAACATAATTACTTAAAAACTAATAATTGCAAAGGGGAGGCAAGTCGTAAC
ATAGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTGGAAAAGCAGAGCGTAGCTAAGATAGCAAAGCATCTCCCTTAC
ACTGAGAAGTCATCCGTGCAAATCGGATCGCCCTGATGCCTAACAGCTAGCCCGCCCAAACAACTTCAAC
GATTCAATCTTGATAACCCCAGAGGACACTAAACTTAAATTAACAAACCATTTTTCCCCCTTAGTATAGG
CGATAGAAAAGGACATACGGCGCTATAGAGAAAGTACCGCAAGGGAACGCTGAAAGAGAAATGAAACAAT
CCAGACAAGCTAAGAGAAGCAGAGATTAAACCTCGTACCTTTTGCATCATGATTTAGCAAGTGTAACTTA
AGCAAAGAGACCTATAGTTTAATGCCCCGAAACTACGTGAGCTACTCCAAGACAGCCTATTAATAGGGCA
CACCCGTCTCTGTTGCAAAAGAGTGGGGAGAGCTTTGAGTAGAGGTGACAGACCTACCGAACCTAGTTAT
AGCTGGTTGTCCAAGAAATGAATAGAAGTTCAGCCTCCCGGCTTCTCTTTTCACATTAGTTTAACACCTA
TTGATGTATTTAAGAAACCGTGAGAGTTAGTCAAAGGGGGTACAGCCCCTTTGAACAAAGACACAACTTT
ATCAGGAGGGTAAAGATCATAATAAAACAAAGGGAAGTACTCTGGTGGGCTTGAAAGCAGCCATCCTCTA
AGAAAGCGTCAAAGCTCAAGTACCCTACTTTAATCCTCTTATCCTGATCACCAAGTCTTATCCCCCTATC
TTTACTGGACCATCCCATGCCTTCATGGGAGTGATTATGCTAATATGAGTAATAAGGGAGCCAATGCCTC
CCTCCCCGCACACGTGTACATCGGAACGGACAACCCGCCGACCTTTAACGAACCCAACCAAAGAGGGACC
TGAGTAACAAACTAAATAACTAGAAAACTACCCAATATTTAACCGTTAACCCCACACAGGTGTGCCCCCG
GGAAAGACTAAAAGAAAGAGAAGGAACTCGGCAAACACATAAAGCCTCGCCTGTTTACCAAAAACATCGC
CTCTTGTATTTAACAAATAAGAGGTCCCGCCTGCCCTGTGACTATAAGTTTAACGGCCGCGGTATTTTGA
CCGTGCGAAGGTAGCGCAATCACTTGTCTTTTAAATGGAGACCTGTATGAATGGCATAACGAGGGCTTAG
CTGTCTCCTTTTTCCAGTCAATGAAATTGATCTCCCCGTGCAGAAGCGGGGATTATTACATAAGACGAGA
AGACCCTATGGAGCTTTAGACACTAAAGTGGATCATGTCAATGACCCTAAATAAAGGATTGAACAAGATG
GAACCCACCCTGATGTCTTTGGTTGGGGCGACCGCGGGGAAATAAATAACCCCCATGTGGAATGGGAGCA
CCCCTCCTACAGCTGAGAGTTACAACTCTAATAAACAGAATTTCTGACCAAAAAGATCCGGCAATGCCGA
TCAACGGACCTAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCTCTTTTAGAGCCCATATCGACAAGGGGGTTT
ACGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGATT
AAAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGTAATCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTATGCTGTGCTCTTCTC
TAGTACGAAAGGACCGAGAAGAGGAGGCCTATACCACTGGTACGCCTCTCCCTTACCTGTTGAATTTAAC
TAAAACAGACAAAAGGGCATACCCCCCTGCCGGAGATTACGGCATGTTAGGGTGGCAGAGCCCGGTTACT
GCGAAAGGCCTAAGCCCTTTCAACAGAGGTTCAAATCCTCTCCTTAGCTATGATATCCACCATTATTACC
CACATTATTAATCCACTAACCTTTATTGTTCCAGTATTACTAGCCGTTGCTTTTTTAACACTACTTGAAC
GAAAGGTGTTGGGGTATATACAACTTCGTAAAGGTCCCAACATCGTTGGCCCTTACGGCCTTCTTCAACC
TATTGCTGACGGACTAAAGCTATTCATTAAAGAACCAATTCGACCTTCAACAGCCTCCCCCCTCCTGTTC
CTTTTGGCTCCTATCCTGGCTTTAACCCTTGCCCTTGCCCTTTGAGCACCCATACCAATCCCCCACCCAG
TAGTTGACCTTAACCTAGGTATCATATTTATTCTTGCCCTATCCAGCCTGGCAGTCTATTCTATTCTTGG
CTCAGGCTGGGCCTCCAATTCTAAGTATGCCTTAATCGGAGCCTTACGAGCCGTAGCCCAAACCATCTCC
TATGAAGTAAGCCTAGGCCTTATTTTATTAAACATCATTATCTTTACAGGAGGCTTTACCCTGCAAACTT
TTAATGTGGCTCAGGAAAGCGTATGACTAATCATCCCCGCCTGGCCCCTTGCAGCTATATGGTACATTTC
TACCCTAGCTGAAACCAACCGTGCCCCCTTTGATCTGACTGAAGGTGAATCCGAACTAGTCTCTGGCTTT
AATGTGGAATATGCCGGAGGACCCTTTGCCCTTTTCTTCCTTGCAGAATATGCCAATATTCTTCTTATAA
ACACTTTATCCGCCACCCTCTTTTTAGGGGCCTACCACATTCCCTCTTTTCCAGAACTAACTGCTGTTAA
TCTTATAACTAAAGCGGCCTTATTATCAGTAGTATTTCTTTGAGTACGGGCCTCGTACCCTCGGTTCCGA
TATGATCAACTCATACACCTTATCTGAAAGAACTTTTTGCCGCTTACTCTTGCCCTAGTTATTTGACATC
TTTCCCTCCCCATTGCCTTTGCTGGTCTTCCACCACAAGTGTAAACGGAGCTGTGCCTGAAGTAGAGGGC
CACTTTGATAGAGTGAACCATGGGGGTTAAAGTCCCCCCGGCTCCTTAGAAAGAAGGGGTTCGAACCCTA
CCTCAAGAGATCAAAACTCTTAGTGCTTCCACTACACCACTTCCTAGTAGAGTCAGCTAATTAAGCTTTT
GGGCCCATACCCCAAACATGTTGGTTAAATTCCCTCCTCTACTAATGAACCCCTTCATTTTAGCCACCCT
TCTCTTCGGTTTAGGCCTAGGCACCACCATCACATTCGCAAGCTCCCATTGGCTTCTCGCATGAATAGGG
CTAGAAATAAATACTCTTGCTATTATTCCACTTATAGCGCAACACCACCACCCTCGAGCAGTAGAAGCAA
CCACCAAATACTTCCTTACCCAAGCTACAGGAGCCGCTATACTTCTTTTTGCTAGTACAACCAATGCTTG
AATAACAGGACAGTGAGAAATTCAACAAATAACCCACCCTCTTCCAATAACCCTAGTCACCTTAGCACTG
GCCCTCAAAATCGGCCTTGCCCCACTACACTCTTGACTTCCAGAGGTTCTTCAAGGACTAGACTTAACCA
CAGGACTAATTATATCTACATGACAAAAACTAGCACCTTTCGCTTTACTTTTACACCTTAACCCCTCGAA
CTCCACCCTTCTCGTTGTACTAGGCCTCACCTCCACCCTTGTTGGGGGCTGAGGTGGCCTTAACCAAACA
CAACTGCGAAAAATCCTAGCCTACTCTTCCATTGCCCACCTTGGGTGAATAACTCTTGTAATACATTTTT
CTCCTTCTCTCACCCTACTCACCCTTATCATGTATTTTATTATGACTTTCCCTGCCTTTCTTGTGTTTAA
ATTAAATAACTCAACTACCATTAATTCCCTTGCCACTTCTTGAGCTAAAGCACCCGCCTTAACTTCTCTC
ACCCCTTTTATCCTTCTTTCTCTTGGAGGTCTCCCACCCCTTGTAGGATTCATGCCTAAGTGACTTATCC
TACAAGAACTGACTAAACAAGAGCTAGCAGCCGTTGCAACACTTGCAGCGTTCGCAGCCCTTTTAAGCCT
TTACTTCTACCTGCGACTATCATATGCTATAGCCCTCACTATATCCCCCAATAGCACAACCGCAACAACC
CCCTGACGTTACACTTCCTCTCAGGCTACCCTTCCCCTTGCAATTTCAACTACAGCAACACTTTTACTTC
TACCATTGGCCCCAGCCGCAATTGCACTATTGACTATTTAGGGACTTAGGCTAAGTGAGACCAAGGGCCT
TCAAAGCCCTAAGCGGGAGTTAAACTCTCCCAGACCCTGATAAGACTTGCGGGATATTACCCCACATCTC
CTACATGCAAAGCAGGTACTTTAATTAAGCTAAAGCCTTTCTAGCTAGGCAGGCCTCGATCCTGCAAATT
CTTAGTTAACAGCTAAGCGCTTAAACCAGCGAGCATCCAGCTACTTTCCCCGCCTTGTCAGGCGTAGAAG
GCGGGGAAAGCCCCAGCAGGGTTTAGTCTGCCTCTTAAGATTTGCAATCTAACGTGGTTACACCATAGGG
CCTGGTAAGAAGAGGATTCAAACCTCTGTGCATGGAGCTACAATCCACCGCTTAAAACTCAGCCATCCTA
CCTGTGGCCATCACACGATGATTCTTCTCAACTAATCACAAAGACATCGGCACCCTCTATCTAGTATTTG
GTGCCTGAGCCGGAATAGTCGGAACAGCTTTAAGCCTTCTAATTCGAGCTGAATTAAGTCAACCCGGAGC
TCTCCTTGGAGACGACCAAATTTATAACGTAATTGTTACAGCCCATGCTTTCGTAATAATCTTCTTTATA
GTTATACCAATCATGATCGGAGGCTTTGGCAACTGACTTATCCCCCTAATGATCGGAGCCCCCGATATAG
CATTTCCACGAATAAACAACATGAGCTTCTGATTGCTCCCACCCTCTTTCTTACTTCTCCTTGCCTCTTC
AGGGGTTGAAGCTGGTGCAGGGACAGGGTGAACAGTTTATCCACCCCTCTCTGGGAACCTCGCCCATGCA
GGTGCTTCAGTCGACCTAACAATCTTTTCACTTCATCTTGCAGGTATTTCGTCAATTCTGGGGGCAATCA
ACTTCATTACCACAATTATTAACATGAAACCTCCCGCTATTTCTCAGTACCAAACGCCCCTTTTCGTCTG
ATCTGTTCTCATCACTGCAGTCCTTCTTCTCCTATCCCTGCCCGTCCTTGCAGCCGGAATCACTATGCTT
TTAACAGACCGAAACTTAAACACCACTTTCTTCGACCCAGCAGGGGGTGGAGACCCAATTCTTTACCAAC
ACTTATTTTGATTCTTTGGCCACCCTGAAGTTTATATTCTCATTCTTCCAGGCTTCGGAATAATCTCCCA
CATTGTTGCATACTACTCTGGAAAAAAGGAACCTTTTGGCTACATGGGTATAGTATGAGCAATGATGGCC
ATTGGCCTTCTAGGGTTTATTGTCTGAGCACATCACATGTTTACAGTAGGAATGGACGTGGACACACGAG
CCTATTTCACCTCCGCCACCATAATTATTGCTATCCCAACAGGTGTTAAGGTTTTTAGCTGACTAGCTAC
ACTTCATGGAGGCTCAATCAAATGGGAGACACCCCTTCTATGAGCACTTGGCTTCATTTTCCTATTTACT
GTCGGGGGTCTAACAGGCATTGTTCTTGCCAATTCTTCCCTTGATATTGTCCTTCATGATACTTACTACG
TTGTTGCCCACTTCCATTATGTACTTTCCATGGGAGCCGTATTTGCTATTATTGCAGGCTTTGTACATTG
ATTCCCTCTGTTTTCAGGTTATACCCTTCACAGCACCTGAACGAAAGTTCATTTCGGTGTTATGTTTGCA
GGTGTAAACCTAACTTTCTTCCCTCAACATTTCCTAGGTTTAGCCGGAATACCTCGGCGATACTCTGATT
ACCCAGATGCCTACACACTCTGAAACACAGTTTCTTCAATTGGTTCCCTTGTGTCCTTAGTTGCAGTAAT
TATGTTCCTGTTCATTATCTGAGAAGCATTTGCTGCTAAACGTGAAGTTTTAGCAGTTGAAATAACAACA
ACAAACGTCGAGTGACTTCACGGCTGCCCTCCTCCCTACCACACTTTCGAAGAGCCTGCATTTGTTCAAG
TTCAATCAAACTAACGAGAAAGGGAGGAGTTGAACCCCCGTGTGCTGGTTTCAAGCCAACCACATAACCG
CTCTGTCACTTTCTTCATAAGACACTAGTAAAACAGCATATTACACCGCCTTGTCAAGGCGGAATCGTGG
GTTAAACCCCCGCGTGTCTTGCCCTCCCCCAATGGCCAATCCCTCACAACTAGGATTTCAGGACGCAGCT
TCACCTGTTATAGAAGAACTTCTCCACTTCCACGACCACACCCTAATGATTGTATTCTTAATCAGCACTT
TGGTCCTATATATTATTGTGGCTATAGTCTCAACCAAGCTTACTAATAAATACATCTTAGACTCCCAAGA
AATCGAAATTATCTGAACCATTCTTCCAGCAATCATCCTAATTTTAATTGCTCTACCATCCCTTCGAATC
CTGTACCTAATAGACGAAGTGAATAATCCTCTTCTTACAATCAAAGCTGTTGGTCACCAATGATACTGAA
GCTACGAATATACAGACTATGAAGACCTTGGCTTTGATGCTTACATAATTCCAACACAAGACTTAGCCCC
AGGTCAATTCCGCCTTATAGAAACAGACCATCGAATGGTAATTCCTGCAGAATCCCCCATCCGCGTACTA
GTGTCTGCTGACGATGTCCTTCACTCATGAGCAGTCCCATCGCTTGGAATCAAAATAGACGCTGTCCCAG
GACGTCTAAACCAAACAGCCTTCATTGCATCACGCCCTGGAATTTTTTATGGTCAATGCTCAGAAATCTG
CGGAGCAAACCACAGCTTTATGCCCATTGTAGTTGAAGCAGTCCCTATAACCTACTTCGAGGACTGATCC
TCCCGAATGCTTGAAGACGCCTCGCTAAGAAGCTAAATAGGGCCTAGCGTTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAAAGAC
TGGTGACTCCCGACCACCCCTAGCGATATGCCTCAACTAGACCCATCACCTTGGTTTGCCATATTAATCT
TCTCTTGATTAGTCTTTCTAGTCGTTATCCCACCCAAAGTAATAGCTCATACTTTCTCGAATGAGCCCGC
TATACAAAGCGCTGAAAAACGTTTTACAGACCCCTGAACTTGACCATGACCTTAAGCTTTTTTGATCAGT
TTATAAGCCCCGTTTTTATAGGAATTCCCTTAGCAGCCATCGCTATTGCCCTCCCCTGAGTCCTTCTTCC
CACCCCTACTGCCCGATGAACAAGCAACCGATTTCTAGGTCTCCAGGGTTGATTTATTAATCGTTTCACA
CAACAGCTTCTCCTCCCAGTAAACCTTGGAGGACATAAATGAGCAGCTTTATTAACCTCTTTAATAATTT
TTCTAATCACATTAAATATACTTGGCCTTCTTCCCTACACTTTCACCCCCACAACCCAACTCTCAATTAA
TTTAGGCCTTGCAACTCCCCTTTGACTAGCAACTGTAATTATCGGGATGCGAAATCAACCAACCCATGCC
TTAGGTCACCTTCTCCCAGAAGGGACCCCTGGCCCTCTAATTCCAGTGCTAATCATTATCGAAACAATTA
GTCTGTTTATTCGTCCCTTAGCCCTGGGCGTCCGACTGACGGCTAATCTAACAGCAGGACACCTACTTAT
TCAGTTAATTGCCACAGCAAGCTTCGTACTTCTATCTCTTATGCCCGCTGTAGCTGTTACTGTTACCGTA
GTACTATTTTTACTCACCCTTCTTGAAGTCGCCGTAGCTATAATTCAAGCCTACGTATTTGTTCTTCTAT
TGACCCTTTACTTACAAGAAAACGTTTAATGACCCATCAAGCACACCCCTACCACATAGTTGACCCTAGC
CCTTGACCTTTGACAGGCGCAATCGCCGCTTTACTAATGACATCAGGTTTAGCAACCTGATTCCACTTCC
AATCCACAACCTTAATAAGCCTAGGAATAGCCCTTCTTCTCCTAACGATATATCAGTGATGACGAGATAT
TGTACGGGAAGGTACCTTTCAAGGACACCACACACCCCCAGTACAAAAAGGCCTTCGTTACGGCATAATT
CTATTCATTACTTCTGAAGTTTTCTTTTTCCTAGGTTTTTTCTGAGCTTTTTACCACGCTAGTCTTGCCC
CTACACCAGAGCTCGGAGGTTGCTGACCTCCAACTGGTATTACTACCCTAGACCCCTTTGAAGTCCCTCT
TCTAAATACTGCGGTTCTTCTTGCATCCGGGGTTACAGTCACATGAGCCCACCATAGCATTATAGAAGGG
GAACGTAAACAAGCCATTCAATCCCTTGCCTTAACTATTCTTCTTGGGTTTTACTTCACCTTTCTTCAAG
GTATAGAGTACTATGAAGCCCCATTTACAATTGCAGACGGGGTTTATGGCTCTTCCTTCTTTGTTGCCAC
AGGTTTTCATGGTTTACATGTCATTATTGGCTCTTCATTTTTAGCTGTTTGTTTCCTACGTCAAATTCGT
CATCACTTCACAGCTGAGCACCACTTCGGATTCGAGGCGGCTGCTTGATACTGACATTTCGTAGACGTTG
TGTGACTTTTCCTATATATCTCTATCTACTGATGAGGATCTTAATCTTTCTAGTACAGCTTAGTATAAGT
GACTTCCAATCACCCGGTCTTGGTTAAAATCCAAGGAAAGATAATGAACTTAGTAACAACTGTGGTCTCA
ATTACAGCCGCACTTTCTGTCGTATTAGCCCTGGTATCCTTCTGACTACCGCAAATGACCCCTGACCATG
AAAAACTCTCCCCTTATGAATGTGGCTTTGACCCTCTAGGCTCCGCCCGTCTTCCTTTCTCCCTACGATT
CTTCCTAGTAGCTATCCTTTTCCTCCTCTTTGACCTAGAGATTGCCCTTCTCCTTCCATTACCATGAGGG
GACCAATTAGCCTCCCCCCTTTTTACATTTTTGTGAGCAACAGCAGTTCTTACCCTCCTAACATTAGGCC
TCATCTACGAGTGAATGCAAGGAGGCCTAGAATGAGCTGAATAGGAAGTTAGTTTAAGAAAAACCTTTGA
TTTCGGCTCAAAAACTTGTGGTTAAAGTCCACAACTGCCTAATGACTCCTGTTCACTTTGCTTTCTCTTC
GGCTTTTATATTGGGCCTTACTGGCCTGGCCTTTCATCGAACCCACCTGCTATCCGCCCTCCTCTGCCTT
GAAGGAATAATACTATCTTTATTTATTGCCCTGTCTCTCTGAACCCTACAATTAGACTCGACAAACTTCT
CCGGGGCCCCCATGCTTCTTCTGGCCTTCTCAGCTTGTGAAGCAAGCGCAGGTCTTGCCCTTCTAGTCGC
TGCTGCACGAACACACGGGACAGACCACCTCCAAAACCTGAACCTGCTACAATGCTAAAAATTCTAATTC
CAACCCTTATGCTAATCCCAACAACATGGTTAACAAAACCAAAGTGACTCTGACCTTCAACACTAGCCCA
CAGCCTTCTCATCGCCGTGTTTAGCTTAACATGATTTGCTAACATGAGTGAGACGGGATGAACTAGCCTT
AGCTATTACCTGGCCACCGACTCCCTGTCGACCCCACTTCTTGTTCTCACTTGCTGACTACTTCCACTCA
TAATTATTGCTAGTCAAAACCATACAGCTACTGAGCCCTGCAACCGCCAACGAGTTTATATTACCCTGCT
AACATCTCTCCAAATTTTCCTTATCCTAGCATTTGGTGCTACTGAGATCATCATGTTCTACGTCATGTTC
GAAGCCACTTTAATCCCCACCCTTGTAATTATCACACGATGGGGGAACCAAACAGAACGTCTAAACGCAG
GTGTATATTTTCTATTTTATACCCTCGCAGGCTCCTTACCCCTTCTCGTTGCCCTCCTTCTACTTCAAAA
CAGCGCAGGAACGCTCTCCTTATTAACCATCCAATACTCAGACCCCTTCCATCTTTCTACTTTCGCGGAT
AAACTATGGTGAGCAAGTTGCCTTCTCGCATTCCTTGTAAAAATGCCATTGTACGGAGTACATCTTTGGC
TCCCAAAAGCACATGTAGAGGCCCCCGTTGCTGGTTCTATGATTCTGGCTGCCGTACTTCTAAAACTTGG
GGGTTACGGAATAATTCGCATAATTCCCATCCTTGACCCTTTAACCAAAGAATTAGGTTACCCCTTTATC
ATCTTTGCCCTCTGGGGAGTGGTAATAACTGGGTCTATTTGCCTCCGGCAAACAGACCTGAAATCACTAA
TCGCCTACTCTTCAGTCAGTCACATAGGTCTAGTCGTAGCAGCTATTCTTATCCAGACCCCCTGAAGCTT
GTCCGGTGCTTTAATTCTTATAATTGCCCACGGACTTGCATCCTCCGCTCTCTTTTGCCTAGCTAATACA
AATTATGAACGGACACACAGCCGTACATTATTACTAGGTCGAGGACTACAAATAGCCCTCCCTCTAATAA
CAACATGATGGTTCATTGCAAGCCTTGCAAACCTTGGATTACCCCCACTTCCGAATCTCATGGGAGAATT
AATAATTATTACTTCACTATTTAGCTGGTCCTGGTGAACTCTCGCCCTGACTGGCGCAGGCACTTTAATT
ACTGTCAGCTACTCTCTTTATATGTTCATTATAACTCAACGGGGACCTCTTCCCGCACATATAATTGCTT
TAGACCCCTCCCACACTCGGGAACACTTAATTATAGCCCTTCACCTTATCCCCCTCCTTCTGCTTGTGCT
TAAGCCCGAATTGGTCTGAGGCTGAGCCGCATGTAGGTATAGTTTAGTAAAATATTAGATTGTGATTCTA
AAGACAGGGGTTAGTCTCCCCTTACCCACCGAGAGAGGCTCGCTAGCAACGAAGACTGCTAATCTCCGCG
ACTTTGGTTGAACCCCAGAGCTCACTCGATCAACTTCTGTAGGACAACAGCTCATCCATTGGACTTAGGA
TTCAAAAACTCTTGGTGCAAATCCAAGCAGGAGTAAAAATGTGACAAACCCCCTCTGTTCTCTACTCCGG
CATAATCATTATCCTTGTGGTCTTATCTTTCGCCTTACTCTCAGCTTTAGTTCAAGGCAATTCGGTTTTT
AACCAAACCGTCCCTAACATTACATCAGCAGTAAAACTCTCTTTCTTCATCAGTCTCCTCCCATTATTTA
TGTTCTTCAATGAAGGGGCAGAAACAATCGTCTCATCCTGAACCTGAATAAACACAACATGTTTTGAAAT
TAGCCTAAGCTTTAAGTTTGACCAGTATTCTGTTATCTTTACAACTGTTGCTTTATACGTTACATGGTCC
ATCCTTGAATTTGCCTCATGGTACATACACTCAGACCCTAACATCAGCCGATTTTTCAAATACCTACTAA
TTTTCCTTATGGCTATACTTACCCTTGTTACAGCCAACAACATGTTTCAACTATTCATTGGTTGAGAAGG
GGTGGGCATTATATCATTTCTCCTAATTGGCTGATGAGGTGGGCGAGCAGATGCTAACACCGCCGCTCTT
CAAGCCGTAGTATACAACCGAATCGGGGACATTGGCCTCATCTTTGCCATGGCTTGAATAGCAACAAAAT
TAAACTCTTGAGAAATTCAACAAATCTTTGTTGCCTCTAAAGACTTTGACCTCACTTTCCCCCTTCTCGG
CCTGATTGTTGCTGCCGCTGGTAAGTCCGCCCAATTTGGACTTCACCCCTGGCTGCCTTCGGCCATAGAA
GGTCCTACACCAGTATCTGCCCTACTACACTCTAGCACTATAGTCGTCGCAGGCATCTTCCTTTTAGTCC
GACTCAGCCCGCTACTTGAGGGTAACCAAACTGCCTTAACCATCTGCTTATGTTTAGGAGCCCTCACCAC
ACTCTTCACAGCTACATGTGCCCTCACCCAAAACGACATTAAGAAAATTGTTGCCTTCTCCACATCTAGT
CAACTTGGACTCATAATAGTTGCCATCGGACTAAACCAACCACACCTAGCCTTCCTCCATATCTGTACAC
ATGCTTTCTTTAAAGCAATGCTTTTCCTCTGCTCTGGCTCCGTGATCCATAGCCTCAATGATGAACAAGA
CATCCGTAAAATAGGAGGCATACATTTTCTCACCCCTTTTACCTCATCATGCCTAACAATTGGAAGCCTT
GCCCTAGCAGGTACTCCTTTCCTTGCCGGGTTTTTTTCTAAAGACGCTATTCTTGAGGCTCTTAACACAT
CCCACTTAAACGCCTGGGCCCTGATCCTAACCCTTCTTGCCACTTCTTTTACAGCCATCTATAGCCTCCG
AGTAATCTTCTTTGTATCCATGGGCTACCCCCGATTTAATCCACTTTCCCCTATCAACGAAAACAACCCA
GCAGTAATTAACCCTATCAAACGACTAGCATGAGGCAGCATTATTGCCGGCTTTTTAATTACCTCAACTA
TTATCCCCTTAAAAACCCCTATTATTACTATACCCCCTCTCCTTAAACTTACTGCTCTCATCGTTTCCGT
CCTAGGCCTGCTTATTGCTCTAGAACTAGCCTCACTTACTGCTAAACAGTACCACCCCACCCCTCGCTTA
ACCCCACATCACTTTTCTAACATACTTGGCTTCTTCCCTTCAATTATCCACCGCCTAACCCCCAAATTTG
GTCTTACCTTGGGTCAAGCAGTTGCCAGCCAAATACTTGATCAAACTTGAATCGAAAAAATCGGACCTAA
AGCCATTGTATATCATACAACCCCTCTCATTACCACTACCAGCAATACTCAACGAGGACTAGTAAAAACT
TACTTAGCACTATTCCTTTTAACCCTGGCATTAGCAATGCTTTTGGCCTCTTTTTAAACCGCCCGGACTG
AGCCACGGCTAAGGCCTCGGGTTAACTCCAACACAACAAATAAAGTAAGGAGGAGGGCCCATGCACTAAG
AACAAGTATTCCTCCCCCCAAAGAATACATCATAGCAACCCCACCAATGTCACCCCGAAATATAGTAAAT
CCATCAAGCTCATCAGCCGGGACCCATGACACCTCATACCAACCTTCCCAGAACATATTTGATACTAACC
CGACCCCCAACCCATATAAGATTATGTACACCCCCACCTGTCGACTTCCTCACCCCTCAGGAAAGGGCTC
GGCAGCCAAAGCTGCTGAATATGCAAAAACAACTAATATTCCTCCTAAATAGATAAGAAACAAGACCAGG
GATAAAAATGGACCCCCATGACTTACTAGCACGCCACAACCCATACCTGCTACCATCACCAACCCTAGAG
CAGCAAAATAAGGAGAAGGGTTAGAAGAAACAGCTACTAGTCCTAAAACCAACCCTAACAGAAATAAAGA
TATAACATAGGTCATAATTCCTACCAGGACTTTAACCAGGACTAACGACTTGAAAAACCATCGTTGTAAA
TTCAACTACAGGAACATATAATGGCAAGCCTACGAAAAACGCACCCCCTACTAAAAATCGCTAACAATGC
ACTAGTCGACCTCCCCGCCCCCTCAAATATTTCAGTATGATGAAACTTTGGTTCCCTCCTTGGACTTTGC
TTAATTATCCAAATTCTCACTGGGCTTTTCCTTGCAATACACTACACTTCCGATATTGCTACAGCTTTTT
CCTCCGTCGGACATATCTGCCGAGATGTAAATTACGGTTGACTAATTCGAAACCTCCATGCCAATGGCGC
ATCCTTTTTCTTCATCTGTATCTATATGCATATCGGCCGAGGACTTTACTATGGCTCTTACCTATACAAA
GAAACCTGAAACATTGGAGTGATTCTTCTACTTTTAGTCATAATAACAGCCTTCGTTGGTTATGTCCTTC
CATGAGGACAAATATCTTTCTGAGGAGCTACGGTTATTACCAACCTACTTTCAGCCGTCCCATACGTTGG
CAACTCATTAGTTCAATGAATTTGAGGGGGCTTTTCCGTTGACAACGCCACCTTAACACGTTTCTTTGCC
TTTCACTTCTTATTCCCATTTGTCATTGCTGGTGCCACACTTGTTCACCTTCTTTTCCTTCACCAGACAG
GCTCTAATAACCCTCTTGGCCTGAACTCAGACGCTGACAAAATCTCCTTTCACCCCTACTTTTCTTATAA
AGACCTCCTTGGCTTCGCAGCCCTACTAATTGCCCTTACATCCCTAGCACTATTTGCTCCTAACCTGCTT
GGAGATCCCGATAACTTCACCCCTGCAAACCCATTAGTCACTCCACCTCACATCAAGCCTGAATGGTACT
TCTTGTTTGCCTACGCCATTCTTCGATCTATCCCAAATAAACTTGGAGGCGTCCTTGCACTCCTTGCCTC
CATCCTAGTCTTGATAGTAGTCCCCATCCTTCATACATCTAAACAACGTGGCCTTACATTTCGACCCCTT
ACGCAATTTTTATTTTGAACTCTTATTGCAGATGTAGCTATTCTTACCTGAATTGGCGGTATACCCGTTG
AACACCCCTTCATCATTATTGGACAAGTTGCATCCGTACTTTACTTCTCTTTATTCCTAGTTTTATACCC
AGGAGCAGCAGTAATAGAGAACAAAATGCTTGAATGAACATGCAAAAGTAGCTCAGCGCCAGAGCGCCGG
TCTTGTAAGCCGGATGCCGGAGGTTAAATTCCTCCCTTCTGCTCAGAGAAAGGAGATTTTAACTCCCACC
CCTGACTCCCAAAGCCAGGATTCTAAGCTAAACTATTCTCTGCACATACTTATTTGGCGCCTTTTTGGCG
CCTCGCCTTTTTGTCGCCTTTTTGTCGCCTTTTTGCCCTACTCTTTGTCCTATAATGCATGTATGTATAA
TAAGCATACATTTATATTAACCAATTCATGGACATTCAAGTACACATATGTTGAATTGACACTTATAGAA
ATAACACCCTCATATACCAACATAATTCGAAGTATACATAAAGCAATTAAATAAGATATAATAATGAATA
TTTAAAGACAGGCGAAACTTAAGACCTAACTAATTATTCATAAGTTAAGTTATACGTTTACTCCAAATCC
CGTCAATCGAAGATTCTGGATGTAGTAAGAGCCTACCATCAGTTGATTTCTTAATGCCAACGGTTATTGA
AGGTGAGGGACAAGTATTCGTGGGGGTTTCACAGGGTGAATTATTCCTGGCATTTGGTTCCTACTTCAGG
GCCATGACTTGATATTATTCCCTCCACTTTTATCGACGCTTACATAAGTTAATGGTGAAGTACTACTCCG
AGAACCGACCATGCCGAGCGTTCTTTCTAATGGGCTACGGGTTTTTTTTTTTTATTTCCTTTCAACTGGC
ATTTCAGAGTGCACACGGGTTTAGCTGACAAGGGTGATCATTTATCGCGTCAAGCAGGTAATAAGGTGAG
TGTTGTAAAGATATTCTATAATACATGCATAAGGTATCTCAAGAGCATAATAAGAGATTTTTCAACAGGA
AGATATCCTTTACGACCCTGGGTTTCTTCGCGTAAAACCCCCCTACCCCCTAAAACTCCTAGAATGTCTA
AGATTCCTGAAAACCCCCCGGAAACAGGAAAACCCCTAGTAGCTTGTTTTCTTCCCAAAATGCGCTTATA
TACACTATTGCAATAATGCACAT


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.