Viewing data for Cyprinella spiloptera


Scientific name Cyprinella spiloptera
Common name Spotfin shiner
Maximum lifespan 5.00 years (Cyprinella spiloptera@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16545 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7649 8893 4483 3166 4466 4427
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 462 538 271 191 270 268
Base content (%) 46.2% 53.8%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11397 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5306 6091 3229 2077 3242 2849
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 466 534 283 182 284 250
Base content (%) 46.6% 53.4%
D-loop: No data available for this section.
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1561 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 726 835 390 336 385 450
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 465 535 250 215 247 288
Base content (%) 46.5% 53.5%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2637 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1253 1384 654 599 538 846
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 475 525 248 227 204 321
Base content (%) 47.5% 52.5%
12S rRNA gene (size: 956 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 489 467 256 233 185 282
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 512 488 268 244 194 295
Base content (%) 51.2% 48.8%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1681 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 764 917 398 366 353 564
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 454 546 237 218 210 336
Base content (%) 45.4% 54.6%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 297 387 192 105 212 175
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 434 566 281 154 310 256
Base content (%) 43.4% 56.6%
ATP8 (size: 165 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 67 98 46 21 44 54
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 406 594 279 127 267 327
Base content (%) 40.6% 59.4%
COX1 (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 689 862 383 306 486 376
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 444 556 247 197 313 242
Base content (%) 44.4% 55.6%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 305 386 180 125 186 200
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 441 559 260 181 269 289
Base content (%) 44.1% 55.9%
COX3 (size: 784 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 367 417 207 160 229 188
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 468 532 264 204 292 240
Base content (%) 46.8% 53.2%
CYTB (size: 1141 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 550 591 335 215 325 266
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 482 518 294 188 285 233
Base content (%) 48.2% 51.8%
ND1 (size: 975 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 482 493 293 189 281 212
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 494 506 301 194 288 217
Base content (%) 49.4% 50.6%
ND2 (size: 1047 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 520 527 325 195 280 247
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 497 503 310 186 267 236
Base content (%) 49.7% 50.3%
ND3 (size: 351 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 157 194 94 63 107 87
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 447 553 268 179 305 248
Base content (%) 44.7% 55.3%
ND4 (size: 1381 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 637 744 389 248 414 330
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 461 539 282 180 300 239
Base content (%) 46.1% 53.9%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 142 155 92 50 83 72
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 478 522 310 168 279 242
Base content (%) 47.8% 52.2%
ND5 (size: 1827 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 844 983 531 313 502 481
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 462 538 291 171 275 263
Base content (%) 46.2% 53.8%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 252 270 163 89 99 171
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 483 517 312 170 190 328
Base content (%) 48.3% 51.7%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 21 (9.25%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (9.69%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 49 (21.59%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 10 8 11 7 14 5 10 2 6 6 3 4 0 8 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 0 3 10 8 0 1 1 4 4 8 2 6 1 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 9 2 2 0 2 0 1 4 1 3 3 2 5 3 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 3 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 4 0 0 0 1 0 2
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
49 71 68 40
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
26 64 30 108
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
30 57 77 64
ATP8 (size: 165 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPSPWFAVLVFSWFIFLTIIPTKVLNHLTPNEPAPMSEEKHKADSWNWPW*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 3 (5.56%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 4 (7.41%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 3 (5.56%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 3 (5.56%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 5 (9.26%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (5.56%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 2 (3.7%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 8 (14.81%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (7.41%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.26%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.85%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (5.56%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (7.41%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 1 (1.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (3.7%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (5.56%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 1 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 0 1 0 3 1
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 3 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 2 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
10 14 17 14
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
7 16 15 17
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
4 16 22 13
COX1 (size: 1551 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 45 (8.72%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 49 (9.5%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 30 (5.81%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 34 (6.59%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 46 (8.91%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 63 (12.21%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 36 (6.98%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 23 (4.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (5.43%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (8.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 18 (3.49%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.13%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 16 (3.1%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 18 (3.49%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
29 7 9 18 11 17 5 10 6 2 12 8 18 8 23 19
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
14 0 1 14 17 10 8 9 10 15 11 9 3 12 4 10
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 15 2 5 5 15 1 1 3 7 11 1 2 7 9 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
13 8 3 9 6 5 3 1 3 3 1 0 0 1 0 16
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
166 113 121 117
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
75 137 95 210
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
65 133 160 159
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 12 (5.24%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 22 (9.61%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 27 (11.79%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 4 9 6 3 10 2 5 7 1 4 7 10 1 6 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 2 3 7 6 0 2 1 5 1 2 5 6 1 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 5 2 3 5 3 1 0 4 4 5 1 1 2 2 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 9 5 4 10 2 2 1 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
75 59 53 43
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
26 54 63 87
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
24 67 84 55
COX3 (size: 784 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 23 (8.85%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 21 (8.08%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 18 (6.92%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 32 (12.31%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 14 (5.38%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (3.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 24 (9.23%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (3.85%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.38%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.46%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 16 (6.15%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
8 6 4 7 3 5 7 9 8 1 4 4 7 3 10 14
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 1 1 2 13 5 3 2 7 6 7 5 2 4 1 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
5 10 4 4 1 5 0 0 3 6 5 1 1 1 0 6
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 6 4 3 2 2 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
78 64 50 69
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
44 66 54 97
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
38 77 84 62
CYTB (size: 1141 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 27 (7.12%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 30 (7.92%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 23 (6.07%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 63 (16.62%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (2.9%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 29 (7.65%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 15 (3.96%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 10 (2.64%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 16 (4.22%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (1.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
13 13 9 11 10 16 14 8 4 3 5 8 7 6 7 22
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 1 2 3 12 11 4 4 9 10 4 6 4 7 4 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
14 3 6 5 8 5 3 0 2 7 8 4 4 7 9 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 2 4 3 7 4 5 0 0 7 1 0 0 0 0 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
99 99 90 92
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
52 98 75 155
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
64 138 101 77
ND1 (size: 975 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (5.86%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 34 (10.49%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 22 (6.79%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 27 (8.33%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 61 (18.83%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 20 (6.17%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (2.78%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (7.41%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (4.01%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (3.09%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
5 15 4 15 13 17 6 6 4 3 12 4 5 6 9 9
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 0 3 17 10 4 4 4 5 6 8 8 6 2 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 7 0 7 2 8 2 1 2 6 7 3 4 5 5 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 3 8 0 4 3 4 0 1 5 2 0 0 0 1 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
95 94 67 69
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
38 95 57 135
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
56 104 88 77
ND2 (size: 1047 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (5.46%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 39 (11.21%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 22 (6.32%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 45 (12.93%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (4.89%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 67 (19.25%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 23 (6.61%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 15 (4.31%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 20 (5.75%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 11 (3.16%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.01%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.16%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 7 (2.01%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 14 (4.02%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
16 7 8 17 15 12 5 9 6 8 4 3 9 1 4 7
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 0 1 8 14 9 8 2 5 4 8 6 10 3 1 10
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
16 10 9 2 9 5 1 0 5 4 3 5 9 4 3 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 3 1 1 3 2 7 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 6
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
83 96 104 66
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
40 121 55 133
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
72 108 88 81
ND3 (size: 1047 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (5.46%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 39 (11.21%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 22 (6.32%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 45 (12.93%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (4.89%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 67 (19.25%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 23 (6.61%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 15 (4.31%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 20 (5.75%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 11 (3.16%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.01%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.16%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 7 (2.01%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 14 (4.02%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
16 7 8 17 15 12 5 9 6 8 4 3 9 1 4 7
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 0 1 8 14 9 8 2 5 4 8 6 10 3 1 10
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
16 10 9 2 9 5 1 0 5 4 3 5 9 4 3 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 3 1 1 3 2 7 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 6
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
83 96 104 66
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
40 121 55 133
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
72 108 88 81
ND4 (size: 1381 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 27 (5.88%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 37 (8.06%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 30 (6.54%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 39 (8.5%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 6 (1.31%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 27 (5.88%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 86 (18.74%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 37 (8.06%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 24 (5.23%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (6.1%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 19 (4.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 20 (4.36%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 7 (1.53%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.96%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
21 16 11 18 18 22 8 15 7 4 5 11 6 5 7 12
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
13 4 2 10 10 13 4 6 8 5 8 6 11 7 4 12
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 10 7 9 5 7 1 2 6 7 7 6 5 3 4 6
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 9 1 1 3 6 3 2 2 5 2 0 0 0 0 14
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
105 130 124 101
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
72 126 69 193
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
71 133 137 119
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 12 (12.24%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 9 (9.18%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 10 (10.2%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 22 (22.45%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 8 (8.16%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
0 1 3 4 2 9 3 3 2 0 0 0 2 0 4 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 1 2 2 5 5 0 0 2 2 1 0 1 1 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 4 1 2 3 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
23 30 23 23
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
15 30 14 40
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
12 32 35 20
ND5 (size: 1827 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 32 (5.26%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 56 (9.21%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 47 (7.73%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 53 (8.72%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 6 (0.99%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 35 (5.76%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 91 (14.97%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 43 (7.07%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 34 (5.59%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 29 (4.77%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 37 (6.09%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 15 (2.47%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 14 (2.3%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (2.14%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 13 (2.14%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 27 (4.44%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 19 (3.13%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (1.97%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 21 (3.45%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (1.81%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
28 15 24 25 23 18 7 15 11 8 8 14 6 7 13 24
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
10 1 5 8 21 20 7 4 14 7 7 9 6 10 4 15
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
20 14 4 5 14 9 4 2 13 5 10 5 3 11 16 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 7 6 3 10 12 9 0 2 4 5 0 0 1 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
149 144 193 123
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
78 170 121 240
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
86 217 167 139
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 25 (14.45%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 21 (12.14%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (7.51%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 23 (13.29%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 28 (16.18%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 9 (5.2%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
3 1 7 3 1 7 2 11 0 0 7 2 9 5 4 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 2 0 7 4 5 5 5 1 4 15 1 2 1 1 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 1 1 4 2 3 0 3 1 4 3 3 4 1 0 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 1 5 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 2
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
77 24 25 48
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
41 40 19 74
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
45 25 55 49
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11416 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 247 (6.49%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 349 (9.18%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 245 (6.44%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 298 (7.84%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 27 (0.71%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 265 (6.97%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 619 (16.28%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 249 (6.55%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 173 (4.55%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 216 (5.68%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 233 (6.13%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 115 (3.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 120 (3.16%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 78 (2.05%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 101 (2.66%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 104 (2.73%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 97 (2.55%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 107 (2.81%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 75 (1.97%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 77 (2.02%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
151 98 99 139 112 154 66 111 60 37 72 65 85 43 102 131
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
74 10 17 64 137 105 43 40 63 69 75 62 57 70 27 69
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
99 92 38 49 56 67 14 12 47 52 63 32 37 48 56 33
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
74 58 43 28 50 41 34 8 14 38 17 0 0 6 3 88
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
1040 968 958 838
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
530 1049 686 1539
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
583 1139 1143 939

>NC_008103.1 Cyprinella spiloptera mitochondrion, complete genome
GCTGGCGTAGCTTAATTCAAAAGCGTAACACTGAAGATGTTAGGATGGGCCCTAGAAAGCTCCGCATGCA
CAAAGGCATGGTCCCGACCTTACCATCAGCTCTTGCCCAACTTACACATGCAAGTCTCCGCAACCCCGTG
AGTACGCCCTTAATCCCCTGCCCGGGGACGAGGAGCAGGCATCAGGCACAAATCTTTAGCCCAAGACGCC
AGGCCCAGCCACGCCCCCAAGGGAATTCAGCAGTGATAAATATTAAGCCATAAGTGAAAACTTGACTTAG
CCAGGGCTAAGAGGGCCGGTAAAACTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTAAACGAGAGGCCTAGTTGATTGAAC
AACGGCGTAAAGGGTGGTTAAGGACAGTGATATAATAAAGTCGAATGGCCCTTTGGCTGTCATACGCTTC
TAGGAGTCTGAAGCCCACTGTACGAAAGTAGCTTTAACAACATCCACCTGACCCCACGAAAACTGAGAAA
CAAACTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCTCAGTCATAAACCAAGACGTCCAACTACAATAGGCGTCCGCC
TGGGTACTACGAGCATTAGCTTGAAACCCAAAGGACCTGACGGTGTCTCAGACCCCCCTAGAGGAGCCTG
TTCTAGAACCGATAACCCCCGTTGAACCTCACCGCTTCTAGCCATCCCAGCCTATATACCGCCGTCGTCA
GCTTACCCTGTGAAGGTAATAGAAGTAAGCAAGATGGGCACAGCCCAGAACGTCAGGTCGAGGTGTAGCG
TACGGAGCGGGAAGAAATGGGCTACATTTTCTATGATAGAACACTACGGATGTGCAACATGAAATAGTGC
TTGAAGGAGGATTTAGAAGTAAGGAGGAAGCAGAGTGTCCTCTTGAACCCGGCTCTGAGGCGCGTACACA
CCGCCCGTCACTCTCCCCTGTCAAAATGCAACCGAGTTACCTAACACCAAAGCTCTGACAAGGGGAGGCA
AGTCGTAACATGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTGGATAAAATTCAGGGCGTGGCTGAGCTAGTTAAG
CATCTCACTTACACCGAGAAGACATCCATGCAAATTGGGTCGCCCTGAGCCAACCAGCTAGCTTAATTAC
CCAAATAATTTAACAATATTTATAACAGGGACAGAACTTAACCCCACAAATTAAATCATTTTTATACCTT
AGTATGGGAGACAGAAAAGGTTCAACTGAGCAATAGAGAAAGTACCGCAAGGGAAAGCTGAAAGAGAAAT
GAAACAACCCATATAAGCACTGAATAACAAAGACTAGACCTTGTACCTTTTGCATCATGATTTAGCCAGT
ACCCTCAAGCAAGGAGATCCTTAGTTTGATTCCCCGAAACCAGGTGAGCTACCCCGAGACAGCCTATAAC
TTAGGGCTAACCCGTCTCTGTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGAGGAGCTCCGGGTAGAAGTGACAGACCTACCGAAC
CTGGTGATAGCTGGTTGCCTAAGAGATGGATAGAAGTTCAGCCTCGCACACCCTTAATCGAAAGACACAT
TATCAAGAAATTTATGGAAACATACGAGAGTTAGTTAAAGGGGGTACAGCCCCTTTAACAAAGGATACAA
CCTTAACAGGAGGATAAAGATCATACTAGATAAAATATACCGTTCTAGTGGGCCTGAAAGCAGCCATCTA
AACAGAAAGCGTTAAAGCTCGGACAGAAAGACATTTATTATTTCGATAGAAAATCTTATTCCCCTAATTG
TATTAGGCCGACCCATGCCCACATGGGTGAGATTATGCTAGAATGAGTAACAAGAAGACCTCATCTTCTC
CCGCCGCAAGTGTAAACCAGATCGGACCCACCACTGGAATTTAACGAGCCCAACCACAGAGGGCATTGTG
AATAATAGAAACCTCAAGAAGAACTCACAGCTAAATAGTCGTTAACCCCACACTGGAGCGGCACACTAAG
GGAAAGACTAAAAGAGGGGGAAGGAACTCGGCAAACACAAGCCTCGCCTGTTTACCAAAAACATCGCCTC
CTGCAACACAAAGTATAGGAGGTCCAGCCTGCCCAGTGACTACGGGTTCAACGGCCGCGGTATATTGACC
GTGCAAAGGTAGCGCAATCACTTGTCTTTTAAATAAAGACCTGTATGAATGGCTAGACGAGGGCTTAACT
GTCTCCCCCCTCCAGTCAGTGAAATTGATCTATCCGTGCAGAAGCGGGTATAATTCTACAAGACGAGAAG
ACCCTTTGGAGCTTAAGGTACAAGATTCAATCACGTCAAGCAACTTACTGAATGAGCCAGAACTTAGTGA
TGGTGAAACTTTACCTTCGGTTGGGGCGACCACGGAGGAAAGACAAGCCTCCGAGTGGACTGGGACGAAC
CCCTAAAGCCAAGATAAACATCTTTAAGCCGCAGAACATCTGACCAATAATGATCCGGCCCACAAGCCGA
TCAACGAACCAAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCTCTCCCAGAGCCCATATCGACGAGGGGGTTT
ACGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCCAATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGATT
AAAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGCAATCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTGTAATGCTACTTTTCC
TAGTACGAAAGGATCGGAAAAGAGAGGCCCATACTTGACGCACGCCCCACCCCTAATTCATGAAAACAAA
TAAATAAAATAAGGGAGGACCTAAACCCCTACCGCCCAAGATAAGGGCATACTTGGATGGCAGAGCCTGG
TAAATTGCATAAGGCCTAAGCCCTTAAAACCAGAGGTTCAAATCCTCTTCCCAGTTTATGCTTGACACCT
TAATAGTTCACCTAGTTAATCCACTCGCTTACATTGTCCCCGTTCTGTTAGCCGTGGCATTCTTAACCTT
ACTTGAGCGAAAGGTGCTAGGATACATGCAGTTCCGAAAAGGACCTAACGTGGTCGGGCCCTATGGCTTA
CTCCAACCTATCGCCGACGGGGTTAAGCTATTTATCAAAGAGCCTGTTCGCCCCTCTACATCATCTCCAT
TCTTGTTTCTTGCTACCCCTATCCTTGCACTAACCCTAGCCCTGACCCTTTGAGCCCCCATCCCTATGCC
CCACCCGGTGATTAATCTCAACTTGGGTGTTCTGTTCATCTTGGCGCTATCAAGCCTTGCAGTTTACTCT
ATCCTTGGTTCAGGGTGAGCATCAAATTCAAAATATGCACTCATCGGGGCCCTGCGGGCGGTTGCCCAAA
CAATTTCATATGAAGTAAGCCTCGGACTTATCATTCTTTCGGTAATCATCTTTTCTGGAGGTTATACCCT
GCAGACATTTAGTACAGCCCAAGAGGCCGTGTGACTAGTTATCCCAGCCTGACCACTCGCGGCAATGTGG
TACATCTCTACTCTTGCGGAAACCAATCGAGCTCCCTTTGACCTAACAGAGGGTGAGTCAGAGCTTGTCT
CAGGCTTTAACGTTGAGTATGCAGGGGGCCCTTTCGCCTTATTCTTCCTCGCCGAGTACGCCAATATCCT
GCTAATAAACACCCTCTCTGCCGTACTATTTCTAGGAACATCGTACTTTCCTGCCATCCCTGAACTAACT
ACAGTTGGGCTCATGATCAAGGCCGCACTTCTATCCGTGATATTCCTATGGGTTCGGGCCTCTTACCCCC
GATTCCGATATGACCAGCTCATACACCTTGTATGGAAGAACTTTCTTCCGCTAACCCTAGCCCTCGTATT
GTGACACGTCTCCCTCCCAATTGCACTAGCAGGCCTTCCCCCACAACTCTAGTTTAAGAACTGTGCCCGA
GTGCCCAGGGACCACTTTGATAGAGTGGCTTACAGGGGTTAAAATCCCCTCAGTTCTTAGAAAGAAGGGA
GTCGAACCCATACACAAGAGATCAAAGCGCTTGGTGCTTCCGATACACCACTTTCTACGATGAAGTCAGC
TAAATAAGCTTTCGGGCCCATACCCCGAACATGACGGTTAAAATCCCTCCTCCATCAATGAATCCTTATG
TTATAGCTACGCTTCTCTCCAGCCTTGGCCTAGGCACCACCCTCACCTTCGCCAGCTCCCACTGATTACT
AGCCTGGATGGGACTTGAGATTAATACGTTAGCGATTGTTCCTTTAATGGCACAGCACCACCACCCCCGC
GCAGTAGAAGCTGCTACGAAATATTTCCTTATTCAGGCCACGGCGGCCGCCGTGATCCTATTTGCAAGCA
CAACTAACGCATGAATTACAGGGCAGTGGGATGTAACTAACATATCAGACCCAATCGCCTCAACGATAGT
CCTTGCCGCGCTATCACTTAAAGTTGGACTGGCGCCCATACATTTTTGAATGCCTGAAGTACTGCAGGGG
CTAGACTTATTGACAGGGCTAATTCTGTCTACCTGACAAAAGCTCGCCCCATTCACCCTCATTATTCAGA
CATTCCAAACGTTCGACCCACTCCTCCTTACAGCCCTTGGTCTTGCATCCACTTTGGTAGGCGGATGGGG
AGGGTTGAACCAAACCCAATTACGAAAGGTCTTGGCATATTCCTCGATCGCGCACATAGGTTGAATGGTA
ATTATCCTTCAACATGCCCCCCACCTCACTTTTCTCGCGCTACTAACATATATTTTGATAACATCCGCGG
CATTCCTCACGCTAAAGCTTTCACATGCCACAAAGATTGGGACCTTAGCAACCACCTGATCCAAGAGCCC
CCTTATGACGGCCACTGCTACCCTCGTATTGTTATCCCTCGGGGGCCTACCCCCCCTTACCGGGTTCATC
CCGAAGTGGTTAATTCTGCAGGAACTAACGAAGCAAGGGCTCCCCCTTCCTGCAACTGTAATAGCTCTTG
CTGCCCTCATCAGCTTGTACTTTTACTTGCGGCTTTGCTACGCGATAACTCTTACCATCTCCCCTAATAC
TATTACCTCAACCACCCCTTGGCGAGCTCAGACAAATCAGGTCTCTATTCCCCTAGCCTTGTCCACCGTA
ATGGCTCTGGGCCTCTTACCCATTACTCCCACTATTGTAACACTCGTTATTTAGAGGCTTAGGATAGCAT
CAGACCGGGAGCCTTCAAAGCTCTAAGCAGAAGTGAAAATCTTCTAGCCCCTGATAAGACCTACGAGAGT
TTATCTCGCATCTTCTGAATGCAAATCAAATGTCTTTGTTAAACTAAGGCCTTTCTAGACGGGAAGGCCT
CGATCCTACAAACTCTTAGTTAACAGCTAAGCGCTCAAGCCAGCGAGCATCCGTCTACTTTCCCGCCGTT
TACCGGGTAAGGCGGGAAAGCCCCGGCAGGCTATTAATCTGCATCTCTGGATTTGCAATCCAACGTGGTT
ACTCCACCACGGGGCTTGATAGGGAGAGGATTTAAACCTCTGTCTTCGGGGCTACAACCCGCCGCCTAAA
CACTCGGCTACCCTACCTGTGGCAATTACACGCTGATTCTTTTCTACAAATCACAAAGACATTGGTACCC
TTTACTTAGTATTTGGTGCCTGAGCTGGGATAGTGGGAACCGCTTTAAGCCTCCTCATTCGCGCTGAATT
AAGTCAACCTGGCTCACTTCTAGGCGATGATCAGATCTACAATGTAATTGTTACTGCTCACGCCTTTGTA
ATAATTTTCTTTATAGTGATACCAATTCTTATCGGGGGGTTCGGGAACTGACTCGTACCTCTAATGATTG
GGGCACCTGATATGGCATTTCCGCGGATGAATAACATAAGCTTCTGACTTCTACCCCCATCATTTCTCTT
ATTACTAGCTTCCTCTGGTGTTGAAGCTGGGGCTGGGACTGGATGAACTGTATATCCTCCACTTGCGGGT
AATCTTGCTCACGCAGGAGCATCAGTAGATCTCACAATCTTCTCCCTGCACCTGGCGGGTGTGTCCTCAA
TTTTGGGAGCAGTTAATTTCATTACTACAATTATCAACATGAAGCCCCCAGCAATCTCCCAATATCAGAC
CCCTCTGTTCGTGTGAGCCGTACTTGTGACTGCCGTACTTCTTCTCCTCTCACTGCCCGTACTAGCTGCC
GGGATTACTATACTTCTTACAGATCGTAATCTTAACACCACATTCTTTGACCCAGCAGGAGGGGGTGACC
CTATTCTATATCAACACTTATTTTGATTCTTCGGCCACCCGGAGGTTTACATTCTTATTTTACCTGGGTT
TGGAATTATTTCACACGTTGTAGCCTACTACGCGGGTAAAAAAGAACCATTTGGCTACATGGGAATAGTC
TGAGCCATGATGGCCATTGGCCTTCTAGGATTTATTGTCTGAGCCCATCACATGTTTACTGTGGGAATGG
ATGTAGATACCCGCGCCTACTTTACGTCTGCGACAATAATTATTGCCATTCCAACTGGTGTTAAGGTCTT
TAGCTGACTTGCCACACTCCATGGAGGCTCAATTAAATGAGAAACTCCTCTACTATGAGCCCTAGGGTTT
ATCTTCCTATTTACCGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGAATTGTTCTTGCTAACTCTTCACTTGACATTGTTCTCC
ACGACACATACTATGTCGTTGCTCACTTCCACTATGTCTTGTCAATGGGAGCTGTCTTCGCTATTATGGC
AGCGTTTGTTCACTGATTTCCGCTATTTTCAGGCTACACCCTTAACGATACTTGAACAAAAATTCACTTT
GCTGTAATGTTTATTGGTGTAAACCTCACGTTCTTCCCACAACATTTCCTAGGCCTAGCGGGAATGCCAC
GACGATACTCGGATTATCCGGACGCCTACGCGCTGTGAAACACAGTGTCATCCATCGGCTCACTCGTCTC
ACTAGTAGCGGTAATTATGTTCTTATTTATTTTATGGGAGGCCTTCGCCGCCAAGCGAGAAGTATCTTCA
GTAGAACTAACAATAACAAATGTAGAATGACTACATGGCTGCCCTCCACCATATCATACATTCGAGGAAC
CAGCATTTGTCCAAGTTCAATCAAACTAACGAGAAAGGGAGGAATTGAACCCCCATGTACTGGTTTCAAG
CCAGTCACATAACCACTCTGTCACTTTCTTACAAGACATTAGTAAATATGAATATTACATCACTTTGTCA
AGGTGAAATTGCAGGTTAAACTCCTGTATGTCTTAGCTTTCATGGCACACCCCGCCCAACTAGGATTCCA
AGACGCAGCATCACCCGTCATAGAGGAGCTCCTTCACTTTCACGACCACGCCCTAATAATTGTATTTCTA
ATTAGCACAATAGTACTTTACATTATTGTCGCAATAGTTTCTACTAAACTTACTAATAAGTACATCCTAG
ACTCCCAAGAGATCGAGATTGTATGAACAGTCTTACCAGCAGTTATCCTAGTACTAATTGCTCTGCCCTC
CCTTCGGATTTTATATCTCATAGATGAAGTTAATGACCCCCACCTAACAATTAAAGCCATAGGACATCAA
TGATATTGAAGCTATGAATACACGGACTATGAAGATCTAGGATTTGACTCGTACATGGTCCCTACCCAAG
ATCTTACGCCAGGGCAATTTCGACTTCTAGAAACAGACCATCGGATAGTAGTCCCGATAGAATCACCAAT
CCGTGTCCTAGTATCCGCTGAGGACGTATTGCACTCCTGAGCTATTCCATCTCTCGGTGTAAAGATAGAT
GCAGTACCTGGACGATTAAACCAGACTGCCTTTATTACCTCACGACCAGGTGTATTCTACGGACAATGCT
CTGAAATTTGCGGCGCCAACCACAGCTTTATGCCCATTGTGGTCGAAGCCGTTCCATTAGAACATTTCGA
AAGCTGGTCCACACTGATGTTAGACGACGCCTCACCAGGAAGCTAATTATTGGACAAAGCGTTGGCCTTT
TAAGCCAAAGTTTGGTGCTTACCGACCACCCCTAGTGACATGCCCCAACTCAACCCTAGCCCCTGATTTG
CAGTTCTAGTATTTTCATGATTTATTTTCCTCACTATTATCCCGACCAAAGTTTTAAACCACTTAACACC
TAATGAGCCGGCCCCAATAAGTGAAGAAAAACATAAAGCCGACTCCTGAAACTGACCATGATAACGAGCT
TCTTCGACCAGTTTGCAAGCCCTTACTTCCTAGGTATCCCTCTTATTGCTATTGCAATCGCACTCCCATG
GCTATTATTCCCAACCCCTTCATCTCGCTGAATGAATAGCCGACTCACCACTCTTCAGGCATGGTTTATT
AACCGTTTTACTAATCAGTTACTAATACCCTTAACCACAGGGGGGCATAAGTGGGCCCTAATATTTGCCT
CTTTGATACTATTCCTCATCACTATTAATATGCTGGGGCTGCTACCATATACTTTTACTCCGACAACACA
GCTATCATTAAATATAGGACTTGCCATACCACTCTGACTTGCCACAGTTATTATTGGAATGCGAAATCAA
CCAACAGTTGCCCTTGGACACCTGCTGCCCGAAGGAACTCCTATTCCTTTGATCCCTGTACTAATTATCA
TCGAGACAATTAGTCTATTTATCCGACCATTAGCCCTGGGGGTCCGACTCACAGCCAACTTAACTGCAGG
CCACCTTCTTATCCAACTTATCGCCACGGCTGTATTTGTTCTACTACCTATAATGCCTACCGTCGCATTA
CTTACAGCTGCCGTTCTCTTCCTCTTAACACTTCTAGAAGTTGCAGTAGCAATAATCCAGGCCTACGTCT
TTGTACTACTTTTAAGCTTATACCTACAGGAAAACGTTTAATGGCCCACCAAGCACATGCATATCATATA
GTTGATCCTAGCCCATGACCACTAACCGGAGCCGTCGGTGCCTTACTGATAACATCTGGCCTGGCGATCT
GGTTTCACTTCCACACCATGACACTAATGACCCTTGGATTAGTTCTCTTACTCCTTACAATGTTCCAATG
ATGACGTGATGTTATTCGGGAGGGGACCTTCCAAGGCCACCACACGCCTCCAGTACAAAAAGGGCTGCGA
TACGGAATAATCCTGTTTATTACTTCTGAAGTCTTCTTTTTCCTAGGCTTCTTCTGAGCCTTCTATCACT
CAAGCCTAGCCCCAACGCCTGAACTGGGAGGATGCTGACCCCCTGCCGGGATCATTACATTAGACCCCTT
TGAAGTGCCGCTGCTAAATACAGCCGTATTATTAGCATCTGGGGTAACAGTCACATGAGCCCACCACAGC
ATTATGGAGGGTGAGCGAAAACAAGCTATTCAATCTCTTGCACTTACGATTCTGTTAGGGTTCTATTTCA
CTGCCCTTCAGGCAATAGAGTATTATGAAGCGCCTTTTACAATCGCGGATGGAGTCTACGGCTCAACATT
CTTTGTAGCCACGGGGTTCCATGGGTTACATGTAATTATTGGCTCAACCTTCTTAGCCGTGTGTCTTCTC
CGCCAAATCCAATACCACTTTACATCCGAACATCACTTTGGCTTTGAAGCCGCTGCCTGATACTGACATT
TTGTTGACGTAGTATGATTGTTCCTTTACGTGTCAATCTATTGATGAGGCTCATATCTTTCTAGTATTAA
AGTTAGTACAAATGACTTCCAATCATTCAGTCTTGGTTAAATCCCAAGGAAAGATAATGAACTTAATTAC
AACTATTTTAATCATTGCCATAACCCTGTCATCAGTTCTAGCCGTTGTGTCTTTCTGATTACCACAGATA
ACCCCAGATGCCGAGAAACTTTCGCCCTATGAATGCGGGTTTGACCCGCTAGGATCAGCCCGACTACCAT
TCTCCCTGCGGTTCTTTTTGGTAGCAATCCTATTCCTCCTATTTGACTTAGAAATTGCCCTCCTTCTCCC
GTTACCATGAGGTGATCAACTCCACAGCCCAACCGGAACATTCTTTTGAGCTACCACAGTTCTAGTCCTT
TTAACCCTTGGGTTAATTTACGAATGAACTCAAGGGGGCTTAGAATGAGCAGAGTAGGGCGCTAGTCTAA
ACAAGACCTCTGATTTCGGCTCAGAAAATTGTGGTTCGAGTCCACGGCCCCCTTATGACACCAGTACACT
TCAGCTTTACCTCAGCATTTATATTAGGACTTATAGGACTAGCATTCCATCGCACCCATATACTCTCCGC
CCTGTTATGCTTAGAAGGGATGATGCTATCCCTGTTTATCGCACTAGCCCTATGAACACTACACTTCGAG
TCCACGAGCTTCTCTACTGCCCCCATGCTATTGCTAGCTTTTTCTGCCTGTGAGGCAAGTACAGGCCTTG
CACTTCTGGTAGCCACAGCTCGCACCCATGGCACTGACCGCCTACAAAACCTTAATCTCCTACAATGCTA
AAAGTTTTAGTCCCCACAATTATATTATTCCCAACAATCTGACTGGCCTCTCCTAAATGATTGTGGACAG
TAACCGCTACTCACGCTCTCTTGATTGCCTTTTTCAGCCTAACATGATTTTGCTGAACCTCAGAGGCTGG
GTGAACTTCATCCAGCCCCTATTTAGCTACTGACCCCTTATCAACACCCCTCTTAGTTCTAACATGTTGG
CTCCTTCCCTTAATACTCTTAGCTAGCCAAAATCACATCAACCTTCACCCTATCGTCCGTCAACGACTTT
ACATTACTCTCCTCGCTTCACTGCAGACTTTCCTAATCATGGCCTTCGGTGCCACAGAAATTATTATGTT
CTATGTCATATTCGAAGCCACTCTTATCCCCACCCTTGTGATTATTACTCGCTGAGGAAATCAAACCGAA
CGCCTGGACGCGGGTACCTATTTCTTATTTTATACACTAGTCGGATCCCTCCCCCTCTTAGTGGCCCTAC
TCCTTCTACAACAGTCTACGGGGACTCTATCTCTATTAATTATCCAGTATTCACCCCCAGTATTAGTCGG
CTCCTGAAGTCATAAAATCTGATGAGCGGGCTGTCTGATCGCCTTCCTAGTCAAGATGCCGCTCTATGGT
GTACATCTCTGGTTGCCTAAAGCACATGTAGAAGCCCCTGTTGCAGGGTCTATGGTTCTAGCAGCAGTCC
TACTAAAACTTGGGGGCTATGGTATGATACGGATGATGGTGATGCTGGACCCGCTCTCTAAAGAACTAAT
CTACCCATTTATTATTCTAGCACTTTGGGGCATTATCATAACGGGCTCGATTTGTCTGCGGCAGACTGAT
CTTAAGTCACTAATCGCTTACTCTTCTGTAAGCCACATAGGCCTTGTAGCAGGAGGGATTTTAGTCCAAA
CTCCCTGAGGTTTCACGGGGGCAATTATCCTTATAATTGCCCACGGCCTGGTGTCCTCAATACTGTTCTG
CTTGGCGAACACGGCTTACGAACGAACCCATAGCCGAACTATAGTTCTCGCTCGAGGTCTCCAAGTGATT
TTCCCATTAACGGCAGTCTGGTGATTCGTCGCAAATCTAGCAAACCTAGCGCTCCCCCCGCTTCCTAACT
TAATAGGAGAACTTATAATTATCACGACCCTCTTTAGCTGATCTCCCTGAACCATCGCACTTACCGGATT
GGGGACGCTAATCACTGCAGCCTACTCCCTTTACATGTTTTTAATGTCTCAACGTGGCCCAACACCACAT
CATATCCTTAGTATTACACCTGTCCACACCCGAGAACACCTACTAATGGCTCTTCACTTTATTCCGCTAA
TTCTCCTCATTGCAAAGCCAGAACTTATGTGGGGGTGATGTTACTAGTAAGTATAGTTTAAACAAAACAT
CAGATTGTGATTCTGGAGACAGGGGTTAAAGTCCCCTTACTCACCAAGGAAGGACAGAAACCAGTAAGTG
CTGCTAATACTTATGCCCCGAGGTTAAAATCCTCGGCTTCTTTACGCCTCTGAAGGATAACAGCTCATCC
GTTGGTCTTAGGAACCAAAAACTCTTGGTGCAAATCCAAGCGGAAGCTATGACCTCAATAACCCTCGTCA
TATCCACCTCATTCCTTTTAATTATTACAATCCTTGTCTCGCCTCTGCTCATAACTATGAGCCCAAGCCC
CCAGAAACCTAGCTGAGCAGATACCTACGTGAAAAATGCCGTCAGCGCTGCATTCTTTGTAAGCCTAGTA
CCACTAATATTATACCTAACTCAAGGAGCAGAAAATGTTACTACAAACTGACAATGGATAAACACACAAA
TATTCGACGCTAACATTAGCTTTAAGTTTGACTACTACTCCCTTATCTTCACCCCTATTGCCCTCTTCGT
CACTTGGTCCATTTTAGAATTCGCACTATGATATATACACTCTGACCCTAACATAAACCGGTTCTTTAAA
TATTTACTGTTGTTCTTGGTGGCCATAATCATTCTTGTCACAGCAAATAATTTATTCCAACTATTTATTG
GATGGGAGGGCGTAGGTATCATATCTTTCCTACTCATTGGCTGATGACACGGCCGAGCAGACGCCAACAC
CGCAAGCCTCCAAGCGGTAATTTATAACCGGGTAGGGGATATCGGACTAATCCTAGCCATGGCCTGGTTT
GCCATAAATCTCAACTCTTGAGAGATACAGCAAATCTTCGCTCTGTCCGAAAACTACGATATGACAACCC
CACTGCTTGCACTCGTCCTTGCGGCAGCGGGAAAGTCGGCCCAGTTTGGGCTACACCCATGGCTTCCGTC
AGCCATAGAGGGCCCGACGCCAGTATCAGCATTACTCCACTCCAGCACCATAGTCGTTGCAGGTATCTTC
CTACTAATTCGCCTCCATCCACTTATGGAGAGTAATCAGCTGGTGTTATCCGGCTGCTTATGCTTGGGGG
CACTTACTACCCTCTATACAGCCACTTGCGCACTAACCCAGAATGACATCAAGAAAATTGTCGCCTTCTC
CACATCGAGTCAACTTGGCCTCATGATAGTCACAATTGGGTTAAACCAGCCCCAGTTAGCCTTCCTCCAT
ATTTGTACACACGCATTTTTCAAAGCTATGCTCTTCCTTTGCTCAGGTTCTATCATCCACAGCCTAAATG
ACGAGCAGGACATTCGGAAAATGGGCGGCCTCCACAAACTTCTACCTATCACCTCAACCTGCCTTACAAT
TGGAAGCCTGGCGCTAGCAGGCACCCCATTCCTCGCCGGGTTCTTCTCAAAAGACGCCATTATTGAGGCC
CTCAATACTTCCTACCTGAACGCCTGAGCCCTTGTTCTTACACTTCTTGCTACCTCCTTTACTGCAGTTT
ACAGCTTCCGAGTCGTCTACTTTGTTACCATAGGATCTCCACGGTTCCTTCCACTATCCCCTATCAATGA
AGACAACCCGCTTATAGTTCAACCCATTAAGCGACTTGCCTGAGGAAGCATTATTGCAGGCCTTATTATT
ACATCCAACTTTCTCCCTATAAAAACGCCAGTGATAACTATGCCTACTCCCCTAAAAGTGGCAGCCTTAA
TAGTCGGTATAATTGGCCTCCTTACGGCTATAGAACTTGCAGCCAAAGCTAACGGCCCCTACGAAACTAC
GTACAAGAACTCCACCCACCACTTCTCCAACATGCTCGGGTATTTCCCTTCATTAATACACCGGCTCTCC
CCGAAAGCCAGCCTCGTTCTCGGGCGCTCAACCGCTACTAAGCTTGACCAAACCTGAGTTGAAATTGCGG
GCCCCAAGTCGATCACTTTTACCCAAATGGTGTTAGCGCAAGCGGTGACCAATATTTCACGAGGCACAAT
TAAGAAGTTTTTAACAGTCTTCCTTCTAACTATAGTCTTAGCAATCACCCTCACTATTATTTAAACCGCT
CGGACGGTACCACGGCTTAGACCCCGGGTTAGCTCTAACACAACTAAGAGCGTTAGTAATAATACCCAGG
CACAGGTTACTAGTATCGCCCCCCCGAAAGAGTATATTATAGCTACACCCCCTACATCCCCTCGTAAAAC
GGAGAACTCTTTCAGCTCATCAACGGCTATTCAAGAGCCTTCATGCCATCCCCCTCAAAATACCCCACCT
GCAAGTGCAACCCCTGCTGAATACACTAAAACATACCCTATTACTGAACGACTTCCCCAAGCCTCTGGGA
ACGGCTCAGCTGCCAACGCTGCTGAGTAAGCAAATACTACAAGCATCCCCCCCAAGTAGATTAGAAAAAG
GACTAAAGATAAGAAGGGCCCCCCACTACCAATCAGTACCCCACATCCCACCCCAGCCGCCACCATTAAC
CCTAGGGCAGCAAAATAGGGTGTAGGATTAGACGCAACAGCAATCAATCCTATAATTAAGGCTATCAATA
ATAGGGACACGAAATAACTCATGGTTCCCACTCGGGCTTTAACCGAGACTAGTGACTTGAAGAGCCACCG
TTGTAATTCAACTACAGGAACAGTAATGGCAAGCCTACGAAAAACCCACCCGCTAATTAAAATCGCTAAT
GGTGCACTGGTTGACCTCCCAACACCATCAAATATCTCTGCACTGTGAAACTTTGGATCCCTGCTGGGAT
TGTGCTTAATTACTCAAATCCTAACTGGATTATTCCTAGCAATACATTATACCTCTGACATCTCGACCGC
ATTTTCATCCGTGACGCACATTTGCCGAGACGTCAACTACGGCTGGCTTATCCGAAATATACACGCCAAC
GGGGCATCATTTTTCTTCATCTGTATTTATATACATATCGCCCGGGGCCTCTACTACGGATCATATCTCT
ATAAGGAGACCTGAAATATTGGAGTAGTTCTACTTCTCCTCGTTATAATAACGGCCTTTGTGGGCTACGT
ACTCCCATGGGGTCAGATATCTTTCTGGGGAGCTACGGTCATCACGAATCTTCTCTCGGCAGTACCTTAC
ATAGGGGATACCCTGGTGCAGTGGATTTGAGGGGGCTTCTCCGTAGACAACGCGACCCTGACCCGATTCT
TTGCCTTCCACTTCCTATTCCCCTTCGTCATCGCTGGTGCAACTGTTCTTCACCTGCTTTTCCTACACGA
GACGGGATCGAACAACCCCGCCGGGTTAAACTCCGACGCGGATAAGATCTCTTTCCACCCCTACTTCTCC
TATAAAGACCTTCTTGGCTTCGTCCTAATGCTATTAGCCCTTACATCACTAACGTTGTTCTCCCCTACCC
TGCTTGGTGACCCAGAGAACTTCACCCCTGCAAATCCCCTAGTCACCCCTCCACACATCCAACCGGAATG
ATATTTCTTATTTGCCTACGCCATCCTGCGATCTATTCCGAACAAGCTAGGAGGCGTACTAGCACTGCTA
TTTAGCATTCTGGTACTGTTAGTGGTCCCGGTTTTACACACCTCCAAGCAACGAGGACTAACCTTCCGAC
CTATCACCCAATTCTTGTTCTGAACCTTGGTGGCGGATATACTCATTCTGACATGAATTGGAGGCATACC
TGTAGAACACCCATATATTATTATTGGCCAGGTCGCCTCCGTCCTATACTTCGCATTATTCCTCCTTCTC
GCCCCACTTGCGGGCTGAGTGGAGAATAAGGCCCTGAAATGAGCCTGCCCTAGTAGCTTAGTTTTTAAAG
CGTCGGTCTTGTAATCCGAAGAGCGAGGGTTAAACCCCCTCCTAGCGCCCAGAAAAAGGAGACTTTAACT
CCCGCCCCTGGCTCCCAAAGCCAGGATTCTAACGCTAAACTATTTTCTGGTGGACCAATATGGTTATACA
TTCATGTATAGTACCTCATGTCTAGTAGACCAACATGCCTTTCTGCCTTATGCAATGTACCTGGGATGTA
TGGGTGTGACATAACTATGTATTATCACCATTCAATTATATTAACCTAAAAGCAAGTACTAGCATCTAAG
ACGTGCATAAACCAAATATATGCAATATACTAGGATTATATATGTATTATCACCATTCAGCTATATTAAC
CTAAAAGCAAGTACTAATGTCTAAGACGTACATAAGCATATTATTAGGCCTCAGAAATAATTTATCTTAA
CCCGGGATATAGGTTATCCCCCTAAATATCGCACTCAACATTTTCCTTGAAATAACTAACTACGATTTAC
CTCGAGAATATTAATGCAGTAAGAGACCACCAACCTTGTCATGTAAGGCATATCATGCATGATAGAATCA
GGGACATATTATGGAGGGTTGTAAACTATTAACTATTCCTTGCATCTGATTCCCCTGTCACGGGCATGGC
ATGTTTAATCCACTCTAGTGAGGTATCCTTGCATCTGATTMTTGGTGTCATTACATACTCCTCATTAACC
CCACATGCCGGGCATTCTTTTATATGCATAGCGTTCTCTTTTTTGGTAGCCTTTCRSTTACATTTCAGAG
TGCAGGCTCAAGTAATATATCAGGGTGGTACATTTCCTTGCATGAGTAAATTAGGTTAATGATTATAAGA
CATAACTTAAGAATTACATTATACTATATCAAGTGCATAACGTATCTGTACTTCTTCAATTAACCCTGTT
ATAGATGCCCCCTTCTTCGGTTTTCACGCGACAAACCCCCTTACCCCCTACGCTCAGCAAATCCTGTTCT
CCTTGTCAAACCCCGAAAGCAAGGA


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.