Viewing data for Scomber scombrus


Scientific name Scomber scombrus
Common name Atlantic mackerel
Maximum lifespan 17.00 years (Scomber scombrus@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16560 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7773 8787 4918 2855 4219 4568
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 469 531 297 172 255 276
Base content (%) 46.9% 53.1%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11416 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5460 5956 3631 1829 3005 2951
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 478 522 318 160 263 258
Base content (%) 47.8% 52.2%
D-loop (size: 864 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 320 544 183 137 258 286
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 370 630 212 159 299 331
Base content (%) 37.0% 63.0%
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1554 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 711 843 391 320 381 462
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 458 542 252 206 245 297
Base content (%) 45.8% 54.2%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2670 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1254 1416 694 560 560 856
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 470 530 260 210 210 321
Base content (%) 47.0% 53.0%
12S rRNA gene (size: 957 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 467 490 258 209 203 287
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 488 512 270 218 212 300
Base content (%) 48.8% 51.2%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1713 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 787 926 436 351 357 569
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 459 541 255 205 208 332
Base content (%) 45.9% 54.1%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 310 374 224 86 190 184
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 453 547 327 126 278 269
Base content (%) 45.3% 54.7%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 77 91 55 22 38 53
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 458 542 327 131 226 315
Base content (%) 45.8% 54.2%
COX1 (size: 1560 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 734 826 440 294 447 379
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 471 529 282 188 287 243
Base content (%) 47.1% 52.9%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 328 363 207 121 176 187
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 475 525 300 175 255 271
Base content (%) 47.5% 52.5%
COX3 (size: 785 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 380 405 242 138 204 201
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 484 516 308 176 260 256
Base content (%) 48.4% 51.6%
CYTB (size: 1141 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 554 587 358 196 320 267
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 486 514 314 172 280 234
Base content (%) 48.6% 51.4%
ND1 (size: 975 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 467 508 313 154 268 240
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 479 521 321 158 275 246
Base content (%) 47.9% 52.1%
ND2 (size: 1046 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 522 524 368 154 256 268
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 499 501 352 147 245 256
Base content (%) 49.9% 50.1%
ND3 (size: 349 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 182 167 128 54 101 66
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 521 479 367 155 289 189
Base content (%) 52.1% 47.9%
ND4 (size: 1381 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 649 732 442 207 364 368
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 470 530 320 150 264 266
Base content (%) 47.0% 53.0%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 156 141 107 49 79 62
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 525 475 360 165 266 209
Base content (%) 52.5% 47.5%
ND5 (size: 1839 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 862 977 592 270 486 491
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 469 531 322 147 264 267
Base content (%) 46.9% 53.1%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 246 276 159 87 81 195
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 471 529 305 167 155 374
Base content (%) 47.1% 52.9%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 12 (5.29%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (7.05%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 20 (8.81%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 58 (25.55%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (7.93%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 12 (5.29%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
8 10 3 13 9 30 3 3 5 2 7 5 1 0 3 9
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 0 0 1 7 8 0 1 3 6 2 4 7 6 0 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 8 0 2 3 1 0 0 2 0 4 0 0 4 6 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 6 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
48 89 60 31
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
25 59 34 110
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
13 76 90 49
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPAPWLAILVFTWSVFLIVIPPKVMAHTFPNEPTLQSTEKPKTESWNWPWH*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 9 (16.36%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 2 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 3 0 0 2 1
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 5 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
10 17 17 12
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
6 19 14 17
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
6 19 22 9
COX1 (size: 1560 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 48 (9.25%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 44 (8.48%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 29 (5.59%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 34 (6.55%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 45 (8.67%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 65 (12.52%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 36 (6.94%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 22 (4.24%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 27 (5.2%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 41 (7.9%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 20 (3.85%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 19 (3.66%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 16 (3.08%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 13 (2.5%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (2.89%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (1.54%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 19 (3.66%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (1.54%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (1.73%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
17 19 6 21 13 24 3 3 5 3 15 12 15 3 14 27
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
16 0 1 8 19 14 3 9 13 19 7 8 8 10 1 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 16 3 9 10 5 1 0 4 6 14 1 1 5 10 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
15 11 2 3 13 8 0 1 1 6 1 0 1 0 0 18
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
166 124 120 110
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
82 130 99 209
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
46 186 160 128
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 19 (8.3%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (8.73%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 29 (12.66%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 19 (8.3%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (1.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 8 6 8 5 12 4 0 5 2 5 5 5 5 2 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 1 1 4 7 5 0 0 3 6 0 1 9 4 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 4 1 1 8 7 0 0 3 2 7 0 0 3 3 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 9 5 3 11 3 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
73 66 49 42
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
25 54 63 88
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
23 87 75 45
COX3 (size: 785 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 20 (7.69%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 25 (9.62%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 21 (8.08%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 31 (11.92%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (2.69%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 24 (9.23%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 6 (2.31%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 9 (3.46%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (2.31%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 17 (6.54%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.31%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 5 2 6 9 11 3 2 6 0 5 7 8 1 9 15
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 2 5 9 6 0 3 6 11 2 2 8 2 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 17 1 0 6 3 0 0 4 2 10 1 0 0 2 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
12 8 1 0 6 2 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
78 70 52 61
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
46 66 54 95
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
14 106 94 47
CYTB (size: 1141 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 27 (7.12%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 33 (8.71%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 23 (6.07%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 32 (8.44%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 61 (16.09%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (2.64%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (5.8%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 33 (8.71%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 13 (3.43%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 10 (2.64%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 7 (1.85%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 19 (5.01%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 11 (2.9%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 12 2 12 22 13 8 4 6 0 8 13 11 0 7 26
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
8 1 2 5 12 14 2 4 10 10 3 4 8 7 3 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 9 2 6 6 8 1 2 0 1 11 1 2 4 15 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 6 1 1 9 7 1 1 1 4 2 0 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
109 102 81 88
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
53 97 73 157
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
34 159 113 74
ND1 (size: 975 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (5.25%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 39 (12.04%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 19 (5.86%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 17 (5.25%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 19 (5.86%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 61 (18.83%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 25 (7.72%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (3.7%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 25 (7.72%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 17 (5.25%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (3.7%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 5 (1.54%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
13 12 3 8 21 24 4 4 4 2 6 5 8 0 9 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
9 0 0 10 13 14 2 2 8 5 2 3 15 7 0 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 4 2 6 5 5 0 1 2 5 7 1 0 3 8 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 8 3 2 2 7 1 0 1 5 2 0 0 1 0 7
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
90 101 76 58
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
36 97 58 134
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
28 115 106 76
ND2 (size: 1046 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.19%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 41 (11.82%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 22 (6.34%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 44 (12.68%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 78 (22.48%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 20 (5.76%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 14 (4.03%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.34%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 12 (3.46%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.86%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (3.46%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 8 6 17 22 17 15 6 10 2 2 3 2 1 6 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
8 0 1 5 22 12 2 5 5 8 0 7 6 7 2 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
23 13 3 6 4 5 0 0 7 2 5 0 1 3 6 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 4 2 0 3 8 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
76 116 103 53
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
41 122 53 132
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
37 130 111 70
ND3 (size: 1046 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.19%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 41 (11.82%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 22 (6.34%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 44 (12.68%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 78 (22.48%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 20 (5.76%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 14 (4.03%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.34%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 12 (3.46%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.86%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (3.46%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 8 6 17 22 17 15 6 10 2 2 3 2 1 6 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
8 0 1 5 22 12 2 5 5 8 0 7 6 7 2 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
23 13 3 6 4 5 0 0 7 2 5 0 1 3 6 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 4 2 0 3 8 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
76 116 103 53
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
41 122 53 132
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
37 130 111 70
ND4 (size: 1381 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (5.66%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 41 (8.93%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 28 (6.1%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 43 (9.37%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 15 (3.27%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 100 (21.79%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 34 (7.41%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 25 (5.45%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 25 (5.45%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 15 (3.27%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 18 (3.92%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.96%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
18 16 14 23 31 28 4 12 9 2 4 3 7 1 6 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
11 1 3 1 25 14 1 4 10 7 5 8 10 5 2 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
18 16 4 3 8 6 2 4 5 5 10 1 2 4 10 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
9 8 4 3 1 9 0 0 3 6 2 0 0 0 0 17
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
98 144 134 84
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
68 128 76 188
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
41 170 158 91
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 12 (12.24%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (13.27%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 10 (10.2%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 23 (23.47%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 0 2 3 9 8 0 2 2 1 1 0 1 0 3 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 2 3 4 4 1 2 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
8 1 0 1 2 4 2 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
22 32 21 24
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
16 33 12 38
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
11 42 29 17
ND5 (size: 1839 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 63 (10.29%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 41 (6.7%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 57 (9.31%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 6 (0.98%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 30 (4.9%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 94 (15.36%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 49 (8.01%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 27 (4.41%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 38 (6.21%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 30 (4.9%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 20 (3.27%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 15 (2.45%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 20 (3.27%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 10 (1.63%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
27 22 10 21 28 32 5 6 18 2 12 10 6 2 18 20
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
17 1 5 9 33 18 3 3 15 9 4 7 20 2 2 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
26 21 3 10 11 6 2 1 11 3 9 1 2 11 19 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
11 9 3 4 8 19 1 2 2 4 2 0 0 1 0 13
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
148 162 195 108
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
73 180 122 238
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
49 250 174 140
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 21 (12.14%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 20 (11.56%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 12 (6.94%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 24 (13.87%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 28 (16.18%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 9 (5.2%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (5.2%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
3 1 0 3 2 1 4 9 0 0 10 2 6 6 6 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
8 5 0 10 3 3 4 3 3 8 7 3 1 1 1 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
1 0 1 4 2 2 1 1 2 8 1 2 9 0 1 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 2 3 2 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 3
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
73 21 24 56
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
38 43 20 73
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
48 23 37 66
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11438 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 243 (6.38%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 357 (9.37%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 238 (6.25%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 296 (7.77%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 28 (0.74%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 237 (6.22%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 666 (17.48%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 247 (6.48%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 154 (4.04%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 221 (5.8%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 229 (6.01%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 115 (3.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 121 (3.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 78 (2.05%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 106 (2.78%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 122 (3.2%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 90 (2.36%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 106 (2.78%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 72 (1.89%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 77 (2.02%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
130 117 56 142 185 212 57 52 73 17 76 71 71 19 90 139
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
98 11 17 63 161 115 18 36 81 92 34 52 100 58 11 52
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
111 113 20 49 70 55 10 9 45 34 81 12 18 37 85 26
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
80 81 25 19 59 67 5 6 13 45 13 0 1 5 1 109
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
1021 1090 946 753
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
524 1058 695 1533
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
359 1415 1204 832

>NC_006398.1 Scomber scombrus mitochondrion, complete genome
GCTAGCGTAGCTTAAAACAAAGCATAACACTGAAGATGTTAAGATGGGCCCTGAAAAGCCCCGTAAGCAC
AAAGGTTTGGTCCTGACTTTACTGTCAGCTTTAGCTAAACTTACACATGCAAGTATCCGCACCCCCGTGA
GAATGCCCTAACAGTCATCCATGCGAAGACAAGGAGCTGGTATCAGGCTCACCCACAAAGCCCACGACGC
CTTGCTCAGCCACACCCCCAAGGGAATTCAGCAGTGATTAACATTAAGCCATGAGTGAAAACTTGACTTA
GTTAAAGCTAAGAGGGCCGGTAAAACTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATACGATAGGCCCAAGTTGACAGA
CCCCGGCGTAAAGCGTGGTTAGGGAAAATTTAAAACTAAAGCCGAACACCTTCAGGGCAGTCATACGCTT
CCGAAGGCACGAAGCCCCTCCACGAAAGTGGCTTTACTACCCCCGACCCCACGAAAGCTAGGACACAAAC
TGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCCTAGCCGTAAACATTGATAGAATTATACACCCTTCTATCCGCCTGGA
TATTACGAGCATTAGCTTGAAACCCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTACTTTAGATCCCCCTAGAGGAGCCTGCTCT
ATAACCGATAACCCCCGTTAAACCTCACCCTCCCTTGTTTTTTCCGCCTATATACCACCGTCGTCAGCTC
ACCCTGTGAAGGTCTAATAGTAAGCAAAATTGGCACAGCCCAGAACGTCAGGTCGAGGTGTAGCGCATGG
GAGGGGAAGAAGTGGGCTACATTCGCTAACTTAGCGAATTACGGACGATGAATTGAAAACATTCATCCTT
GAAGGAGGATTTAGCAGTAAGTGGAAAATAGAGTGTTCCACTGAAATCGGCTCTGAAGTGCGTACACACC
GCCCGTCACTCTCTCCAAGCTCACCCACCCATTCAACATAACTAATTACCCATAAACTGCAAAGGAGAGG
CAAGTCGTAACATGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTGGAAAAATCAGAGTATAGCTAAAATAGTATAG
CATTTCCCTTACACTGAAAAGTCATCCGTGCGAACCGGATTACCCTGACGCCCACTAGCTAGCCCGTCCT
AGCAAAATCAACAATCCAATGTAAATAACCCCAAACACACATCACCTTCCACTAAACAAAGCATTTTTCC
CCCTTAGTATGGGAGACAGAAAAGGAACTATCGGAGCAATAGAGAAAGTACCGCAAGGGAACGCTGAAAG
AGAAATGAAACAACCCAGTGAAGCCTAAAAAAGCAGAGATTTTACCTCGTACCTTTTGCATCATGATTTA
GCTAGTACTACCCAAGCAAAGAGCACTTTAGTTTGGGCCCCCGAAACTAGGTGAGCTACTCCAAGACAGC
CTATCAATAGGGCAAACCCGTCTCTGTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGAAGAGCTTCGAGTAAAGGTGACAGACCTA
CCGAACCTAGTTATAGCTGGTTGCCTGAGAAATGGATAGGAGTTCAGCCTCTAGGCTTCTTTATTCGCTA
AGGCTCCATTCCGGCATCCTCACCGAGATTCTAAAGAAACCTAGAGAGTTATTCAAAGGGGGTACAGCCC
CTTTGAAACAAGACACAACTTTCCCAGGAGGGTAAAGATCATAATTACTAAAGGTAATCTAATGCCTAAG
TGGGCCTAAAAGCAGCCATCCCTACAGAAAGCGTTACAGCTCAAGCATTAAACCTCAACCACATATCCGG
ATAACCCAATCCTAGCCCCCTAACACTATCAGGCCGTCTCATGCAAACATGAGAGCGCACATGCTAATAT
GAGTAACAAGAGAGCACCCGCCTCTCTCCTCGCACACGTGTAAATCGGAACGAACCCCCACCGAAACTTA
ACGGACCCAAACGAAGAGGGTAATGAACTTTAAACAAAGAACTGGAAAACCATTCAACAAACAACCGTTA
ACCCCACACTGGTGTGCCCCCGGGGAAAGACTAAAAGAAAAAGAAGGAACTCGGCAAACCTTATCAAGCC
TCGACTGTTTACCAAAAACATCGCCTTTTGCAAAAACAAAGAATAAAAGGTCGAGCCTGCCCAGTGACTA
TATGTTCAACGGCCGCGGTATTTTAACCGTGCAAAGGTAGCGCAATCACTTGTCTTTTAAATGAAGACCT
GTATGAATGGTATTACGAGGGCTTAACTGTCTCCTTTTTCAAGTCAGTGAAATTGATCTCCCCGTGCAGA
AGCGGGGATAAAACCATAAGACGAGAAGACCCTATGGAGCTTTAAGACACTGAGCCATATCAAGTTAAAC
ACCCCCAAACAAGGGACTAAACTTATTGAAATCATTGGCCGTATGTCTTCGGTTGGGGCGACCATGGGGA
AACAAAAAACCCCCACGTGGAATGGGAGCACAACTACTCCTACAGTCAAGAGCCACCACTCTAACAAACA
GAATTTCTGACCAATAACTGATCCGGCAACGCCGATCAACGGACCAAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCA
ATCCCCTTTTAGAGCCCCTATCGACAAGGGGGTTTACGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCCAATGGT
GCAGCCGCTATTGAAGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGATTAAAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGAAA
TCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTATGATATGTTCTTTTCTAGTACGAAAGGACCGAAAAGAAGAGGCCAATGCT
CAAAGCACGCCTCACCTCCCCCTATTGAAAGCAACTAAAATAGGCAGAAGGGCATACCCCTTCATGCCTA
GATAGCGGCATGTTGGTGTGGCAGAGCCCGGTTACTGCAAAAGACCTAAGCCCTTTCAACAGAGGTTCAA
GTCCTCTCTCCAACTATGATCAAGCCCCTAGTAGAGTACATTCTAAACCCCCTAGCTTACATCGTACCAG
TCCTACTGGCTGTAGCTTTCCTGACCCTTATCGAACGGAAAGTTCTAGGCTATATACAACTACGAAAAGG
TCCCAACATCGTCGGACCATACGGCCTCCTCCAACCAATCGCAGACGGAGTTAAACTATTTATTAAAGAA
CCCGTACGCCCCTCTACAGCTTCCCCCGTTCTCTTCCTCCTAGCCCCCATGCTAGCCCTCACCCTTGCAC
TCACTCTTTGGTCCCCCATACCCCTCCCACACCCTGTTGTTGACCTTAACCTAGCAATTTTATTTATCCT
TGCTATGTCAAGTCTAACGGTTTATTCCATCTTAGGCTCAGGATGAGCATCAAATTCAAAATACGCTCTG
ATTGGCGCACTACGGGCCGTAGCCCAGACTATTTCTTACGAAGTAAGCCTAGGCCTCATTCTCCTAAACG
CAATTATCTTTACAGGGGGATTTACCTTACAAACCTTCAGCACTGCCCAAGAAGCCATCTGACTAATTAT
CCCAGCCTGACCCCTAGCAGCAATATGATATATTTCTACTCTAGCAGAGACTAACCGAGCCCCCTTCGAT
CTCACAGAGGGGGAATCTGAACTAGTCTCTGGCTTTAATGTCGAATATGCGGGAGGTCCTTTTGCACTCT
TTTTCCTAGCAGAATATGCTAACATTCTCCTCATGAATACCCTTTCCGCCATGCTTTTCCTAGGCGCCTC
TCATATCCCCGCAATGCCCGCTCTTACGACAGCTAACCTAATGATTAAAGCGGCTCTCCTCTCAATGGTA
TTCCTATGAGTCCGAGCCTCCTACCCACGATTTCGATACGATCAGCTCATGCACCTCATCTGAAAAAACT
TCCTCCCCCTCACCCTAGCCTTAGTAATTTGACATCTCGCCCTCCCCATTGCATTTGCAGGCCTACCACC
TCATCTGTAAGTACAGGATTCGTGCCTGAATTTTTAAGGACCACTTTGATAGAGTGAACTATGGGGGTTA
AAGTCCCCCCGACTCCTTAGAGAGAAGGGGTTTGAACCCTACCTAAAGAGATCAAAACTCTTTGTGCTTC
CACTACACCACTCCCTAGTAAAATAAGCTAAATCAAGCTATTGGGCCCATACCCCGAAAATGTAGGTTAA
AACCCTTCTTTTACTAATGAGCCCCTACATCTTAGCCACCCTCCTATTTAGCCTCGGCCTAGGCACCACC
ATTACGTTCGCAAGCTCCCACTGACTCCTTGCATGAATAGGACTAGAGATAAATACCCTCGCCATTATTC
CCCTAATGGCACAAAACCACCACCCGCGAGCGGTCGAGGCCACCACCAAATATTTCCTTACCCAGGCAAC
CGCAGCCGCAATGCTCCTGTTTGCCAGCACAACCAATGCTTGACTTACCGGCGAATGAAGCATTGAACAA
ATAACTCACCCTGTCCCGACCACAATGATAATTATTGCCCTGGCACTAAAAATTGGTCTCGCCCCAGTCC
ACGCTTGACTACCAGAAGTTCTCCAAGGACTAGACCTGACCACAGGTCTTATCTTATCTACATGACAAAA
ACTTGCACCCTTCGCCCTACTCCTTCAAATTCACCCTGCGGACCCAACAATCCTTATAGGACTGGGACTG
GCTTCTACGCTGGTTGGTGGCTGAGGCGGTCTAAACCAAACTCAGCTCCGAAAAATCCTGGCCTACTCTT
CAATCGCCCACCTTGGATGAATGATTCTGATTCTGCAATTCTCACCATCTCTAACCCTCCTAGCCCTTCT
TACGTACTTCATCATGACATTTTCAACCTTCCTGGTGTTTAAACTTAACAAAGCCACAAACATCAACTCA
CTCGCTACCTCCTGAGCAAAAACCCCTGCCCTTACAGCCCTCACCCCTCTCATCCTACTGTCTCTCGGAG
GACTTCCCCCTTTAACAGGTTTTATGCCAAAGTGACTAATTCTCCAAGAACTCTCAAAACAAGACCTGGC
CCCAGTAGCAACCGTAGCCGCCCTTAGCGCCCTCTTAAGCCTGTACTTTTACTTGCGCTTAACCTATGCC
ATGACTCTGACAATATCCCCAAATAACCTCACCGGAACCGCCACCTGACGCCTCCCCTCTCTACAACTTA
CCCTCCCTCTGGCCACATCCCTAATTGCTACACTCTGCCTCCTACCCCTAACTCCTGCCGCAACAGCATT
ACTTACTCTTTAAGGGACTTAGGATAGCACTAGTCCAAGAGCCTTCAAAGCCCTCAGCGGGGGTGAAAAT
CCCCCAGGCCCTGACTAAGACTTGCGGGACACTACCCCACATCTCCTGCATGCAAAACAGACACTTTAAT
TAAGCTAAAACCTTCCTAGACAGGCAGGCCTCGATCCTACAAACTCTTAGTTAACAGCTAAGCGCCCAAA
CCAGCGAGCATCCGTCTACTTTCCCCGCCTCCTTTCGTCGGGAGAGGCGGGGAAAGCCCCGGCAGACGAT
TAGTCTGCTCCTGAAGATTTGCAATCTTTCGTGCTAAAACACCTCAGAGCTTGGTAAGAAGAGGGCTCAA
ACCTCTGTATATGGGGCTACAATCCACCGCTTACTCAGCCATCCTACCTGTGGCAATCACCCGCTGATTT
TTCTCAACAAACCATAAAGACATCGGCACCCTCTACCTAGTATTTGGTGCATGATCTGGAATAGTTGGCA
CGGCCTTAAGCTTGCTTATCCGAGCCGAACTAAGCCAACCAGGGTCCCTTCTCGGCGACGACCAAGTTTA
TAACGTAATTGTTACGGCCCATGCCTTCATTATAATCTTCTTTTTAGTAATACCAGTCATGATTGGAGGG
TTCGGAAACTGACTTATCCCCCTAATGATCGGAGCCCCCGATATAGCGTTCCCCCGAATGAATAACATAA
GCTTCTGACTTCTTCCCCCTTCTCTCCTACTACTCCTGTCTTCTTCGGCAGTTGAAGCTGGAGCCGGAAC
TGGCTGAACAGTCTACCCCCCACTAGCTGGTAACCTAGCGCATGCCGGGGCATCAGTTGACCTAACCATC
TTCTCCCTTCACCTAGCAGGTGTTTCCTCAATTCTTGGGGCCATTAACTTCATCACAACAATTATTAATA
TGAAACCTGCAGGTATCTCTCAATACCAAACCCCTCTGTTCGTCTGAGCAGTCCTAATTACAGCTGTTCT
TCTACTCCTATCTCTGCCAGTCCTTGCTGCCGGCATTACAATGCTTCTAACTGATCGAAATCTTAATACC
ACTTTCTTTGACCCCGGAGGAGGAGGAGATCCTATTCTTTACCAACATCTATTCTGATTCTTCGGACACC
CAGAAGTCTACATTCTTATCCTCCCAGGATTCGGAATGATTTCCCACATCGTTGCCTACTACGCCGGTAA
AAAAGAACCCTTCGGCTACATGGGCATGGTATGAGCCATGATGGCCATCGGCCTACTAGGCTTTATTGTC
TGAGCCCACCACATGTTTACAGTTGGAATGGACGTAGACACACGAGCATACTTTACATCCGCAACTATAA
TTATCGCAATCCCAACTGGCGTAAAAGTCTTTAGCTGACTTGCGACCCTTCACGGAGGTGACCTAAAATG
GGACGCCCCATTCTTATGAGCTCTCGGCTTTATCTTCCTCTTTACAGTGGGAGGTCTTACTGGGATCGTC
CTCGCCAATTCCTCTCTAGACATCGTACTCCACGACACGTACTACGTTGTAGCCCACTTCCACTACGTAC
TCTCCATGGGTGCTGTCTTTGCCATTCTTGGCGGGTTCGTTCACTGATTCCCGCTATTTACAGGGTATAC
CCTACACGAAACATGAACAAAAATTCACTTCTGAGTAATGTTTGCAGGTGTAAACGTTACATTCTTCCCA
CAGCACTTCCTTGGACTAGCTGGAATGCCTCGACGGTATTCCGACTACCCAGACGCCTATACTCTTTGAA
ACACAGTCTCCTCTATTGGATCCCTCATCTCACTTGTAGCAGTAGTCGTGTTCCTATATATCCTCTGAGA
AGCATTTGTTTCTAAACGTGAAGTTCAGTCAGTAGAACTAGCTGAATATAACCTAGAATGACTTCACGGC
TGCCCTCCTCCCTACCACACATTCGAGGAGCCTGCATTCGTAATGGTTCAGACTAACTGACGAGAAAGGG
AGGATTCGAACCCCCGTAGGCTGGTTTCAAGCCAACCACATTAACCACTCTGCCACTTTCTTTATAAGAA
ACTAGTAAAATTACTATTACACTGCTTTGTCAAGGCAGAGTTGTGGGTGGGACTCCCGCGTTTCTTGATT
AAACAATGGCACATCCCTCACAGCTAGGATTCCAAGATGCAGCTTCACCCCTAATAGAAGAACTTCTACA
CTTCCACGACCATGCCCTAATAATCCTGTTCCTAATTAGCTCATTTGTACTTTACATTATTGTGGTTATA
ATTTCAACTTCCCTTACCAACAAATATGTGCTAGACTCCCAAGAGATCGAGATTATCTGAACGGTGCTCC
CCGCCGTCATTCTTATTCTCATCGCCCTCCCCTCCCTTCGGATCCTTTACCTAATGGACGAGATCAATGA
CCCACACCTGACAATTAAAGCCGTAGGACATCAATGATACTGAAGCTACGAATACACAGACTACGAAGAC
CTAGGCTTCGATTCTTATATAATCCCCACCAATGACCTCGCCCCTGGCCAATTCCGGCTGCTTGAAGCAG
ATCACCGAATGGTAGTCCCAGTTGAGTCACCCGTTCGAGTCCTAATTTCCGCTGACGACGTCCTCCACTC
ATGAGCTGTCCCCTCCCTAGGAGTAAAAATAGACGCAGTGCCCGGACGACTAAACCAAACAGCCTTCATT
ACATCCCGACCAGGAGTGTTCTACGGCCAGTGTTCCGAAATCTGCGGAGCTAATCACAGCTTCATGCCCA
TTGTAGTTGAAGCAGTTCCACTAGAACACTTTGAGAACTGATCATCCCTGATACTTGAAGACGCCTCGCT
AAGAAGCTAAATTGGGCATAGCGTTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAAAGATTGGTGGCCCCCACCCACCCCTAGCGA
CATGCCTCAGCTCAACCCAGCACCCTGGCTTGCTATCCTGGTCTTTACATGATCAGTCTTCTTAATCGTC
ATTCCCCCAAAAGTTATGGCACACACCTTTCCAAACGAACCAACCCTTCAAAGCACCGAAAAACCTAAAA
CAGAATCCTGAAACTGACCATGGCACTAAACTTCTTCGACCAATTTATATCTCCTGTTTACCTAGGCATC
CCCCTAATAGCCCTGGCCCTAACACTGCCCTGAATCCTCTTCCCTACCCCCACACTCCGATGACTAAATA
ATCGACTACTCACTCTACAAAACTGATTTATCGGGCGATTCACCCACGAACTACTCCTTCCAGTAAACGT
CCCCGGACACAAATGAGCACTACTTCTAGCATCCCTTATGCTATTCCTAATTTCCCTAAACATGCTAGGA
CTACTCCCATACACCTTCACCCCTACCACACAGCTCTCACTAAATATGGGCCTAGCCGTTCCCTTCTGAT
TAGCAACAATCATTATCGGGATGCGAAACCAACCAACTGAATCTCTAGGACATCTTCTACCAGAAGGAAC
TCCTACTCTTCTTATTCCAGTCCTAATTATTATCGAAACTATTAGCCTATTTATTCGACCCCTCGCCCTT
GGAGTTCGACTAACAGCCAATCTTACAGCCGGCCACCTTTTAATTCAGCTAATCGCAACAGGTGCATCCG
TCCTCCTTCCACTAATGCCCACCGTTGCAATCCTAACAGGAATCTTACTATTCCTACTGACCCTTCTAGA
AGTTGCCGTCGCAATAATCCAAGCTTACGTTTTCGTTCTTCTCCTAAGCCTTTACCTACAAGAAAACGTC
TAATGGCCCACCAAGCACACGCATACCATATAGTTGACCCCAGCCCCTGGCCTTTAACAGGAGCAGTTGC
TGCCCTACTAATGACATCAGGTCTCGCCATCTGATTCCACTTCCACTCCACAACACTAATAACTGTCGGA
CTCATTCTCCTTCTTCTAACAATGTACCAATGATGACGAGACGTCGTCCGAGAAGGAACCTTTCAAGGTC
ACCATACACCCCCTGTACAAAAAGGACTCCGATACGGTATGATTCTTTTTATTACCTCAGAAGTATTTTT
CTTTGTAGGCTTCTTCTGAGCCTTTTACCACGCCAGCCTGGCTCCAACTCCCGAGCTAGGCGGCTGCTGA
CCACCCACAGGAATTACGACCCTTGACCCCTTCGAAGTTCCCCTGCTAAACACAGCAGTCCTTCTCGCTT
CCGGGGTAACAGTAACTTGAGCCCACCATAGCATTATGGAAGGGAACCGAAAAGAAACAGTCCACTCCTT
AACACTAACAATTCTCCTAGGCTTCTATTTTACCTTCCTCCAAGGACTAGAATACTATGAAGCTCCCTTT
ACAATTGCAGACGGAGTGTACGGATCCACATTCTTTGTAGCCACAGGCTTCCACGGACTCCATGTTATCA
TCGGCTCCACATTCCTAGCCATCTGCCTCCTTCGACAAGTACGCTACCATTTCACAAGCGACCACCACTT
CGGATTCGAAGCAGCTGCCTGATACTGACACTTTGTAGACGTTGTCTGACTATTCCTGTACGTCTCCATC
TACTGATGAGGATCATAATCTTTCTAGTATTAATCTTAGTATAAGTGACTTCCAATCACCCGGTCTTGGT
TAAAATCCAAGGAAAGATAATGAACCTGCTTACATTTATCATAATCCTCACCGCCCTACTTTCCGGCGTC
CTAGCACTTGTCTCTTTCTGACTCCCCCTAATATCGCCCGACTACGAAAAGCTCTCCCCTTACGAATGTG
GCTTTGACCCCCTCGGATCAGCCCGTCTCCCATTTTCACTCCGCTTCTTTCTAGTCGCCATTCTCTTCCT
GCTCTTCGATCTGGAAATTGCCCTCCTACTACCTCTTCCCTGGGGAGACCAACTACCATCCCCCCTCCTT
ACCTTTCTCTGAGCCTCCGCCGTACTAGCCCTCCTAACACTAGGCCTAATTTACGAATGACTCCAAGGAG
GCCTAGAGTGGGCTGAATAGGCAATTAGTCTAAGAAAAACACTTGATTTCGGCTCAAGAACTTGTGGTTA
AAGTCCATAATTGCCTAATGACCCCTGTTCACTTCGCTTTTTCAACCACCTTCATGCTCGGCCTAACAGG
TTTAGCATTCCACCGAACCCACCTACTCTCAGCCCTCTTGTGCCTAGAAGCGATAATACTCTCCCTCTTT
ATTGCCCTCTCGACCTGAACCCTTCAATTAGGTTCAACCAGCTTTTCGGCCTCTCCCATGCTTCTCCTCG
CTTTCTCAGCTTGTGAAGCAAGCGCAGGGCTAGCCCTTCTAGTAGCAACCTCCCGGACTCACGGGAGCGA
CCGCCTACAGAGCCTAAACCTCCTACAATGCTAAAAATCCTCATCCCTACACTTATGCTTGTTCCCACAA
CCTGACTGGCACCCGCGAAATGGTTGTGACCCACCACTCTGGCCCACAGTCTTATTATTGCCTTAGCCAG
CCTAACCTGATTAGAGAACCTTTCGGAAACAGGGTGAACCTCTTTAAACCTCTATATGGCCACAGATCTC
CTATCGACCCCTCTACTTGTCCTCACCTGCTGACTCCTCCCACTTATGATCCTAGCCAGCCAGAATCACA
CAGCCCTTGAGCCAATTAACCGGCAACGAATATATATTACTCTCCTCACATCCCTACAAATCTTTCTCAT
CATAGCATTCAGTGCCACCGAGATTATTATATTCTATGTTATATTTGAAGCCACCCTTATTCCTACCTTA
GTAATTATTACTCGCTGAGGCAACCAAACGGAACGACTTAATGCAGGCACTTACTTCTTATTCTACACGC
TAGCAGGTTCCCTACCTCTCCTCGTCGCCCTACTGCTCCTCCAAAATAGTACAGGAACACTATCACTCCT
CACCCTCCAATACGCTGCCCCTCTACAACTAACGTCTTACGCCGATAAATTATGATGAGCAGGCTGCTTA
CTAGCCTTCCTAGTAAAAATACCTCTCTACGGTGTACACCTTTGACTCCCGAAAGCACACGTAGAAGCCC
CCATCGCAGGGTCAATGATTCTTGCCGCCGTACTTCTTAAACTAGGCGGCTACGGAATAATGCGCATGAT
GATTATACTAGATCCATTAACCAAAGAACTCAGCTACCCCTTTATCGTCTTCGCCTTGTGAGGAGTAATT
ATAACCGGCTCCATCTGTCTACGACAGACAGACCTAAAATCCCTAATTGCCTACTCATCTGTAAGTCATA
TAGGCCTCGTTGCAGGCGGAATCCTCATCCAAACACCTTGAGGCTTTACAGGGGCCCTCATCCTTATAAT
CGCACACGGTCTTACATCCTCCGCCCTATTCTGCTTAGCAAACACGAACTATGAACGAACCCATAGCCGA
ACAATAGTTTTAGCACGAGGCCTACAAATGGTGCTTCCCCTTATAACAACCTGATGATTTATTGCCAGCC
TTGCAAACCTAGCCTTACCGCCCCTCCCAAATCTTATAGGAGAGCTCATGATTCTTACCTCCCTATTTAA
CTGATCCTACTGAACACTAGCACTAACAGGAGCCGGGACCTTAATTACTGCAGGATACTCACTCTATATG
TTCCTAATAACCCAACGGGGGCCTCTCCCAAACCACATCATCGCCCTCAACCCCTCACACTCACGCGAAC
ACCTACTCATCGCCCTCCACCTTCTCCCCCTGATTCTTCTTATCCTCAAACCCGAACTAATTTGAGGTTG
AACCGCCTGTAGATATAGTTTAAAGCTAAAACATTAGACTGTGGCTCTAAAGATGGGGGTTAAAATCCCC
CTACTTACCGAGAGAGTCTCGCTAGAAACGAAAACTGCTAATTTTCGCGACCCTGGTTGGACCCCAGGGC
TCACTCGAACAGCTTCTAAAGGATAACAGCTCATCCGCTGGTCTTAGGAACCAGAAACTCTTGGTGCAAA
TCCAAGTAGCAGCTAATGACTTCCACCTCCGTAACAATAACAACAAGCCTAATCATTATCTTCTCCCTAC
TCGCCTACCCCGTATTTACAACCCTCTCCCCCCAACCCCAAGCCCCTAACTGAGCAGTTACACAAGTCAA
AACTGCGGTTAAACTGGCATTTTTCGTCAGCCTCCTCCCCCTCTTTCTATTTATAAACGAGGGGGCCGAA
ACAATTATTACTAACTGGAACTGAATAAATACCCTCACTTTTGACGTCAATATCAGCCTTAAATTTGACC
ACTACTCGATTATTTTTACCCCTATTGCACTCTACGTGACATGATCTATTCTTGAATTTGCTTCATGATA
TATGCATGCCGACCCCTACATGAATCGATTCTTTAAATACCTACTAGTCTTCCTCATCGCTATGATTATT
CTAGTTACAGCAAACAACATGTTTCAACTATTTATCGGCTGAGAAGGCGTTGGAATCATGTCTTTCCTCC
TAATCGGCTGATGATACGGACGTGCAGATGCAAATACAGCAGCCCTACAAGCTGTTGTATATAACCGGGT
TGGGGATATTGGCCTTATTCTTGCCATAGCATGAATGGCAACTAACCTAAACTCCTGAGAAATACAACAA
ATATTTGCAGCCGCCAAAGACCTCGACCTAACCCTGCCACTTTTAGGCCTAATTGTTGCCGCCACCGGCA
AATCCGCACAATTTGGCCTTCACCCCTGACTCCCCTCTGCCATGGAGGGCCCCACACCGGTCTCTGCCCT
ACTTCACTCTAGCACAATGGTCGTTGCTGGTATTTTTCTACTAATTCGAATGAGCCCCCTTTTAGAAAAC
AATCAGACGGCTCTTACCCTCTGCCTCTGCCTCGGAGCACTAACCACCCTATTTACCGCCACCTGCGCCC
TAACCCAAAATGATATCAAAAAAATCGTTGCATTCTCAACATCAAGCCAACTTGGGCTAATGATAGTAAC
AATTGGGCTTAATCAACCCCAACTTGCCTTCCTTCACATCTGTACGCACGCCTTCTTCAAAGCTATGCTT
TTCCTCTGCTCCGGCTCAATTATCCATAGCCTAAATGACGAACAGGACATCCGCAAAATAGGAGGAATGC
ATCACCTCACCCCCTTCACCTCTTCCTGCTTAACCGTTGGAAGCCTCGCACTAACAGGAACCCCCTTCTT
AGCGGGCTTTTTCTCTAAAGATGCCATTATTGAGGCACTCAACACATCCCATCTTAACGCCTGAGCCCTC
ACACTGACCCTCCTTGCCACCTCATTCACAGCCATCTACAGCCTTCGTGTCGTTTTCTTCGTGGCCATGG
GCCACCCCCGATTCAACGCTCTTTCCCCCATTAACGAAAACAACCCCACAGTAATTAACCCCATCAAACG
ACTAGCCTGAGGAAGCATTATTGCCGGCCTCCTAATCACCTCTAATATTACTCCCTTAAAAACACCTATC
ATGTCTATACCTCCCCTGCTAAAACTAGCAGCCCTAATCGTCACTATCCTCGGCCTTCTCACCGCGCTAG
AATTGGCATCACTAACAAGCAAACAATTTAAGCCTACCCCGGCTCGGGCCCCCCACCACTTCTCTAATAT
GCTTGGCTTCTATCCCCACATCATTCACCGCTTTGCACCAAAACTTAACCTGATCCTAGGACAAACCATC
GCCGGCCAATTAGTCGACCAAACCTGACTAGAAAAAGCCGGTCCTAAAGCCCTCGCCTCGGCCAACATGC
CTCTAATTACGACCACAAGTAATATTCAACAAGGTGTTATTAAAACCTACCTCGCCTTGTTCCTCCTCAC
CATAGCCCTCGCTATCCTAGTAGTCTCCTACTAAACTGCCCGAACAGTCCCACGACTTAATCCTCGGGTT
AATTCAAGAACTACAAACAAAGTGAGAAGAAGTGCCCACGCGCTAATCACTAACAAACCTCCCCCCGAAG
AATACATTAAGGCTACTCCACCCGTATCCCCTCGAAACACGGAGAAAGTCTCCATATCGTCCACGGGAAC
TCAAGAAGTTTCATATCAGCCCCCTCAAAAGAACATACATCCTAAAGCCACTCCTACCATATAAACCAAG
ATGTACATAGCAACAGCTGGGCTTCCCCAAGTCTCCGGATAAGGCTCAGCGGCCAAAGCCGCTGAATAAG
CAAAGACAACCAACATTCCCCCCAAATAAATTAAAAAGAGCACCAGTGACAAAAAGGAGCCCCCATGGGC
TACCAGAACACAACACCCCATGCCCGCTACAGCAACCAGACCCAAAGCAGCGAAATAAGGAGAAGGGTTA
GAAGCAACCGCGACTAGTCCTAATACTAAACAAATTAACAGCACACACAATGCATAAGTCATAATTCCTG
CCAGGATTTTAACCAGGACTAATGGCTTGAAAAACCACCGTTGTTATTCAACTACAAGAACCCTAATGGC
AAGTCTTCGAAAAACACACCCACTGCTAAAAATCGCTAACGACGCTCTAGTCGATCTCCCAAGTCCCGCC
AACATTTCAGTATGATGAAACTTCGGTTCCCTGCTTGGTCTCTGTTTAGCTTCCCAAATCCTCACAGGAC
TATTCCTTGCAATGCACTACACGCCCGACGTCGAATCAGCATTCAACTCAGTCGCCCATATTTGCCGGGA
CGTAAACTTCGGATGACTCATCCGCAACATGCACGCAAACGGTGCCTCTTTCTTCTTCATTTGCCTCTAC
CTCCACATCGGACGAGGCCTGTACTACGGCTCATACCTTTTTGTAGAGACATGAAACGTCGGTGTAGTCC
TCCTCCTCCTCGTAATGATGACTGCCTTCGTTGGCTACGTCCTTCCCTGAGGACAAATGTCCTTCTGAGG
GGCCACTGTCATCACTAACCTACTCTCAGCAGTTCCATACGTAGGCACAACACTCGTTGAATGAATTTGA
GGGGGCTTCTCAGTAGACAATGCTACTCTCACTCGGTTCTTCGCCTTTCACTTCCTATTCCCCTTTGTTA
TCTTAGCGGCAGCGGTTCTCCACCTACTATTCCTTCATGAAACTGGGTCAAACAACCCAATTGGCCTAAA
CTCTAATGCAGACAAAATCTCGTTCCATCCGTACTTTACGTATAAAGACCTCCTCGGCTTTGCCGTTCTC
CTTATAGGCCTTACCTCCCTAGCACTCTTCTCCCCGAACCTCTTAGGAGACCCAGACAATTTTACACCCG
CCAATCCAATGGTTACCCCTCCCCACATCAAGCCTGAATGATACTTCCTGTTTGCATACGCAATCCTTCG
TTCTATTCCTAACAAATTAGGAGGAGTATTGGCTCTCCTGGCCTCTATTCTGATCCTGATAGTCGTCCCC
TTCCTCCACACATCTAAACAACGAGCCCTGACATTCCGACCGGCCTCACAATTCCTATTCTGAACACTTG
TTGCAGACGTAGTCGTCCTAACCTGAATCGGAGGCATGCCAGCAGAACAACCTTTCATTATCATTGGCCA
AGTAGCCTCTGTACTCTACTTCTCCTTGTTCCTAGTCCTATTCCCCCTTGCAGGATGGGCAGAAAACAAA
GTCCTTGGATGAACCTGCATCAGTAGCTCAGCGTTTAGAGCATCGGTCTTGTAAGCCGGTGGCGGAGGTT
AAAGTCCTCCCTTTTGCTCAAAGGAGAAGGAATTTAACCTCCACCCCTAACTCCCAAAGCTAGGATTCTA
CTTAAACTATCCTCTGATGTACATGCAGACAAGTTTGTCTTTCATATACATGTATGTACTTACACCATAT
ATATGTATCTAGGGCATATACATTAATACACTCAAGGGCATATATATATTTATAATAAAGGTATTGTACT
ACACCATACATATATCAACATTTACACTATGTACTAGACATAAACCATAGTAATAGGCAGTACATAACCT
GCTTTCTAGGACTGGCGAAATAGAATAACCCCACATAACAACTCATAGGCAAACCTATACCAAGTACGGA
CATCCTATAATATTAAACAGAATTGCGCAGTAAGAGCCTACCAACAAGCTCATTACTTAATGTTAACGGT
TATTGAGGATGAGGGACAAGAATTGTGGGGTTTTCACCCGGTGAACTATTACTGGCATTTGGTTCCGAAC
TCAGAGGCATAACTTGATATTACCCCCCATTTCAATTCTTGACAGATTGCATAGATTGTTGGTGGAGTAC
ATATTACCCTTTAAGCCACATGCCGAGCACTCTCTCCACAGGGGTCAGGTTATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCC
TTTTCACTTGGCATTTGAGAGTGCATACAAATAGAAGTTGACAAGGTCGTACATTTTCCTCGCATAAGTA
AATAGTATGAATGGTGAAAAGATTTGTTAAGAGACTTTACATAAAAGACTTTCATGGACATAACCGTAAA
ATCAACCGTAAAATCCTTAAGGATTACCCCCTTCTTTTTTTTCCGTCAAACCCCCCCACCCCCCTTAAAC
TCCTAAGATCACTAACACTCCTGCAAACCCCCCGGGAAACAGGAAAATCTGGAGTGGGGCACTTTACGCT
TTAAAACCCAAATATATATATTATTGAAATATTTCACAAA


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.