Viewing data for Pica pica


Scientific name Pica pica
Common name Eurasian magpie
Maximum lifespan 21.70 years (Pica pica@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16939 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7349 9590 4958 2391 4332 5258
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 434 566 293 141 256 310
Base content (%) 43.4% 56.6%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11381 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5006 6375 3566 1440 2935 3440
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 440 560 313 127 258 302
Base content (%) 44.0% 56.0%
D-loop: No data available for this section.
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1542 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 633 909 372 261 388 521
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 411 589 241 169 252 338
Base content (%) 41.1% 58.9%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2582 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1156 1426 627 529 570 856
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 448 552 243 205 221 332
Base content (%) 44.8% 55.2%
12S rRNA gene (size: 979 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 464 515 257 207 212 303
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 474 526 263 211 217 309
Base content (%) 47.4% 52.6%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1603 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 692 911 370 322 358 553
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 432 568 231 201 223 345
Base content (%) 43.2% 56.8%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 281 403 214 67 187 216
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 411 589 313 98 273 316
Base content (%) 41.1% 58.9%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 64 104 55 9 45 59
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 381 619 327 54 268 351
Base content (%) 38.1% 61.9%
COX1 (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 708 843 452 256 402 441
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 456 544 291 165 259 284
Base content (%) 45.6% 54.4%
COX2 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 295 389 190 105 180 209
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 431 569 278 154 263 306
Base content (%) 43.1% 56.9%
COX3 (size: 784 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 362 422 245 117 206 216
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 462 538 313 149 263 276
Base content (%) 46.2% 53.8%
CYTB (size: 1143 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 501 642 356 145 310 332
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 438 562 311 127 271 290
Base content (%) 43.8% 56.2%
ND1 (size: 978 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 426 552 297 129 272 280
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 436 564 304 132 278 286
Base content (%) 43.6% 56.4%
ND2 (size: 1040 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 458 582 350 108 268 314
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 440 560 337 104 258 302
Base content (%) 44.0% 56.0%
ND3 (size: 351 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 152 199 106 46 98 101
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 433 567 302 131 279 288
Base content (%) 43.3% 56.7%
ND4 (size: 1378 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 594 784 443 151 347 437
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 431 569 321 110 252 317
Base content (%) 43.1% 56.9%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 139 158 100 39 81 77
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 468 532 337 131 273 259
Base content (%) 46.8% 53.2%
ND5 (size: 1818 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 793 1025 576 217 465 560
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 436 564 317 119 256 308
Base content (%) 43.6% 56.4%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 238 284 185 53 78 206
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 456 544 354 102 149 395
Base content (%) 45.6% 54.4%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 15 (6.61%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 24 (10.57%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 59 (25.99%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 20 (8.81%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.88%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
8 12 7 7 6 35 4 6 9 0 4 1 4 0 1 9
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 2 11 2 0 1 4 3 0 2 3 9 0 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 13 0 1 2 9 0 2 3 2 1 0 1 3 6 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 3 1 1 1 4 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
38 83 70 37
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
22 65 35 106
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
7 66 111 44
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPNPWFFIMLISWITYSMIIQPKLLSFISPNHPSNLIQENPTTTPWTWPWT*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 0 (0%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 6 (10.91%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 0 (0%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 7 (12.73%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 9 (16.36%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
3 4 1 0 0 4 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 6 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
5 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 4 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
1 17 22 16
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
5 20 13 18
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
3 18 24 11
COX1 (size: 1551 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 47 (9.11%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 48 (9.3%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 28 (5.43%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 36 (6.98%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 37 (7.17%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 63 (12.21%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 42 (8.14%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 22 (4.26%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 30 (5.81%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 43 (8.33%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (1.94%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (1.74%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 19 (3.68%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.74%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
18 24 18 8 7 44 4 0 8 1 8 4 22 3 6 37
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 1 10 16 20 2 9 10 26 2 4 7 17 2 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
13 15 0 4 12 8 0 1 3 5 12 0 0 3 12 6
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
13 8 2 2 13 9 0 1 1 6 0 0 1 0 0 17
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
157 129 129 102
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
78 138 94 207
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
21 185 218 93
COX2 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 15 (6.61%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 20 (8.81%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 16 (7.05%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 31 (13.66%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (5.29%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (3.08%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
6 7 8 4 2 19 3 3 7 0 7 5 7 0 6 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 3 8 4 3 0 2 3 2 1 2 2 8 0 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 5 1 3 5 8 0 0 4 0 7 1 0 0 6 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 12 2 4 9 4 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
69 60 54 45
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
25 59 60 84
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
11 71 95 51
COX3 (size: 784 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (7.31%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 24 (9.23%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 15 (5.77%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 21 (8.08%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.38%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (6.54%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 32 (12.31%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 14 (5.38%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (3.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (5.38%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 23 (8.85%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 7 (2.69%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (1.54%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 15 (5.77%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 7 8 7 5 17 1 2 8 0 4 5 7 1 6 17
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 1 4 11 9 0 1 9 9 0 4 6 4 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 11 0 4 4 3 0 1 3 3 8 0 0 1 3 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
12 7 0 1 4 4 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
72 72 57 60
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
41 70 55 95
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
4 103 104 50
CYTB (size: 1143 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 24 (6.32%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 28 (7.37%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 24 (6.32%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 23 (6.05%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (1.05%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 18 (4.74%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 67 (17.63%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 34 (8.95%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (6.32%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 29 (7.63%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (3.16%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 7 (1.84%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 20 (5.26%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.16%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 25 7 5 9 41 2 9 8 0 1 10 6 1 8 21
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 4 8 12 8 0 0 7 16 1 4 10 10 0 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 12 0 3 9 10 0 1 1 3 9 1 1 7 13 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 5 2 3 6 9 0 3 0 5 0 0 0 1 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
86 109 97 89
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
49 97 78 157
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
10 150 157 64
ND1 (size: 978 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 14 (4.31%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 29 (8.92%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 24 (7.38%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 18 (5.54%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.62%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 16 (4.92%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 61 (18.77%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 26 (8.0%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 14 (4.31%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 26 (8.0%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 19 (5.85%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 15 (4.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.46%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.54%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.38%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 13 (4.0%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (0.92%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.15%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.46%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 12 9 6 15 32 2 6 5 1 3 4 8 1 6 13
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 1 1 6 8 15 0 1 5 5 3 7 6 13 0 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
5 8 0 1 10 8 0 0 5 8 7 0 0 5 8 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 8 3 2 3 7 0 2 2 4 0 0 1 0 0 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
75 98 84 69
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
38 92 60 136
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
16 107 136 67
ND2 (size: 1040 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 29 (8.41%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 31 (8.99%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 40 (11.59%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 65 (18.84%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 28 (8.12%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 19 (5.51%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (6.09%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 15 (4.35%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (2.32%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.58%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.16%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (3.19%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 9 (2.61%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 14 (4.06%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (0.87%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 17 15 8 20 24 5 8 9 2 3 6 4 0 4 11
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 1 4 15 10 0 0 6 7 0 4 6 10 1 12
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
13 15 0 4 12 10 0 0 5 2 6 1 0 4 6 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 2 2 1 1 14 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
61 101 116 68
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
32 116 58 140
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
15 133 139 59
ND3 (size: 1040 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 29 (8.41%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 31 (8.99%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 40 (11.59%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 65 (18.84%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 28 (8.12%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 19 (5.51%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (6.09%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 15 (4.35%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (2.32%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.58%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.16%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (3.19%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 9 (2.61%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 14 (4.06%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (0.87%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 17 15 8 20 24 5 8 9 2 3 6 4 0 4 11
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 1 4 15 10 0 0 6 7 0 4 6 10 1 12
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
13 15 0 4 12 10 0 0 5 2 6 1 0 4 6 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 2 2 1 1 14 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
61 101 116 68
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
32 116 58 140
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
15 133 139 59
ND4 (size: 1378 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 32 (6.99%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 38 (8.3%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 46 (10.04%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.66%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (3.71%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 92 (20.09%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 42 (9.17%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 25 (5.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (2.84%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (2.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (2.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.66%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 16 (3.49%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 13 (2.84%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 18 (3.93%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
17 25 22 14 14 46 6 10 12 1 2 6 9 0 1 12
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 3 4 13 15 0 2 7 7 2 6 8 14 0 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
17 22 0 8 8 13 0 2 7 4 8 3 2 2 14 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
13 10 0 2 1 9 1 0 2 9 0 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
80 150 148 81
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
53 135 82 189
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
18 158 207 76
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 13 (13.27%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 12 (12.24%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (8.16%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 22 (22.45%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 1 5 1 2 16 1 2 3 0 1 1 0 0 3 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 3 2 7 4 0 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 3 1 5 3 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
22 33 21 23
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
13 32 16 38
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
4 35 40 20
ND5 (size: 1818 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 32 (5.29%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 47 (7.77%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 52 (8.6%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 62 (10.25%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 7 (1.16%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 23 (3.8%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 103 (17.02%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 55 (9.09%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 26 (4.3%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 30 (4.96%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 36 (5.95%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (2.15%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (1.98%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 8 (1.32%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (1.82%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 28 (4.63%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 19 (3.14%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (1.98%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 20 (3.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (1.49%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
20 35 23 9 22 56 6 10 16 3 4 8 10 1 9 27
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 2 5 8 21 18 0 1 11 15 5 9 8 13 0 14
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
25 21 2 8 16 16 1 2 9 5 8 1 0 8 20 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 11 0 2 6 18 2 0 2 7 0 1 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
121 163 203 119
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
72 180 111 243
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
24 233 246 103
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 28 (16.18%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 11 (6.36%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 16 (9.25%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 36 (20.81%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 25 (14.45%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (5.2%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 0 (0%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
4 0 2 2 1 2 5 11 0 0 17 0 10 9 9 1
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 1 0 2 0 3 6 8 1 1 18 3 0 0 1 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 1 0 8 0 2 2 3 1 6 1 2 4 4 0 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 3
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
81 19 23 51
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
43 29 18 84
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
61 5 37 71
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11398 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 220 (5.79%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 299 (7.87%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 290 (7.64%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 309 (8.14%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 27 (0.71%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 209 (5.5%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 653 (17.2%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 298 (7.85%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 165 (4.35%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 221 (5.82%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 226 (5.95%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 109 (2.87%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 107 (2.82%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 69 (1.82%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 90 (2.37%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 135 (3.56%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 100 (2.63%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 106 (2.79%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 84 (2.21%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 71 (1.87%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
121 177 128 73 108 348 41 75 92 8 54 51 88 16 64 162
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
37 4 23 59 122 109 9 26 66 95 33 49 58 110 4 72
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
104 129 4 49 89 92 3 14 43 40 69 10 8 39 96 26
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
80 73 17 21 48 80 4 10 11 44 6 1 2 7 0 97
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
887 1068 1051 792
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
485 1062 700 1551
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
202 1307 1568 721 

>NC_015200.1 Pica pica mitochondrion, complete genome
GTCCATGTAGCTTACAACAAAGCATGACACTGAAGATGTCAAGACGGCTGCCACAAACACCCATGGACAA
AAGACTTAGTCCTAACCTTACTGTTGGTTTTTGCTAGACATATACATGCAAGTATCCGCACTCCAGTGTA
AATGCCCTAGGCACCCTTTAAACAAAGTCGATAGGAGCGGGTATCAGGCACACACAACTGTAGCCCAAGA
CGCCTTGCACTTGCCACACCCCCACGGGTACTCAGCAGTAGTTAACATTAAGCAATGAGTGTAAACTTGA
CTTAGTCATAGCAATTTAAGGGTCGGTAAATCCTGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTCATACAGGAGACCCAAATT
AACAATATAACGGCGTAAAGGGTGGTAACATGCTATCCAAGTAACTAAGATTAAAAGGCAACTGAGCCGT
AACAAGCCCAAGATGTCCATAAGGCCAACTATTAAAGAAGATCTTAGACTAACGATTAATTGAAATCCAC
GAAAGCCAGGACCCAAACTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCCTGGCCCTAAATCTTGATGCTCTATGCTA
CCTGAGCATCCGCCCGAGAACTACGAGCACAAACGCTTAAAACTCTAAGGACTTGGCGGTGTCCCAAACC
CACCTAGAGGAGCCTGTTCTGTAATCGATGATCCACGATATTACCTGACCATTCCTTGCTAAGTACAGCC
TACATACCGCCGTCGCCAGCCCACCCCCCCTGATGGTTCAACAGTGAGCGCAATAGTCCCTACCCACTAG
TAAGACAGGTCAAGGTATAGCCTATGGAATGGAAGCAATGGGCTACATTTTCTAGTTTAGAACATTACGG
CAAGAAGGCCTGAAATGGCCTTCAGAAGGCGGATTTAGCAGTAAAGTGGGACTATCGAGCCCTCTTTAAG
CCGGCTCTGGGACACGTACATACCGCCCGTCACCCTCCTCGCAAGCGACCCAAACCCTAATTACATTAAT
ACGCTACTCAGCTAAAGAGGAGGCAAGTCGTAACAAGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGTACTTAGACAACCA
AGACGTAGCTTAAATAAAAGCACTCAGCTTACACCCGAGAAATATCTGCTAACACCAGATCGTCTTGATG
CCAAATTCTAGCCCAACATACATTGACCTGGAATAACAAAGCTACTCCATACACCAAACTAAAGCATTTA
CTAGTCCTAGTATAGGCGATAGAAAAGACACCCATTGGCGCGATAGAGATCACGTACCGTAAGGGAAAGA
TGAAATAATAATGAAAAAACTAAGCTATAAACAGCAAAGATCAGCCCTTGTACCTTTTGCATCATGGTCT
AGCAAGAAAAACCAAGCAAAATGAGTTTAAGTTTGCCATCCCGAAACCCAAGCGAGCTACTTGTGAGCAG
CTACCATTGAGCGAACCCGTCTCTGTTGCAAAAGAGTGGGATGACTTACTAGTAGAGGTGAAAAGCCAAC
CGAGCTGGGTGATAGCTGGTTGCCTGTGAAACGAATCTTAGTTCACTCTTAATTCTTCTCCAAGGAAACT
AATAAAACCCTAATGAAGCGAATTAAGGGCTATTTAAAGGGGGTACAGCTCCTTTAAAAAAGAATACAAT
CTCTACGAGCGGATAAATAATCTGTAGAAAGATCTATTGTGGGCCTTCGAGCAGCCATCAATAAAGAGTG
CGTTAAAGCTCTTCGCCCAAAAAATATATAAACTTCATGACTCCCTCATCACTAACAGGCTAACCTATAT
TTAAATAGGAGAATTAATGCTAGAATGAGTAACCAGGGTCCTCCCTCTACGACGCAAGCTTACATCTATA
CATTATTAACAAATCACCAAGATACGACAAATCAAACAAGCAGAGTATCAGGCATATTGTTAACCCGACA
AAGGAGCGTCCGTTAAGAAAGATTAAAACCTGTAAAAGGAACTAGGCAAACACGTCAAGGCCCGACTGTT
TACCAAAAACATAGCCTTCAGCAAACAACAAACAAGTATTGAAGGTGATGCCTGCCCTGTGACTTAGTGT
TTAACGGCCGCGGTATCCTAACCGTGCAAAGGTAGCGCAATCAATTGTCTCATAAATCGAGACCTGTATG
AATGGCTAAACGAGGTCTTAACTGTCTCTTACAGGCAATCGGTGAAATTGATCTCCCTGTGCAAAAGCAG
GGATAATAACATAAGACGAGAAGACCCTGTGGAGCTTAAAAATCAGCAGCCACTCCATAACACATTAACA
CCCACTGGGTTCACGCCTATATGAGAGACTGGCCTGCATTTTTCGGTTGGGGCGACCTTGGAGAAAAACA
AATCCTCCAAAAACTAGACCACAACTCTAGACTAAGAGCAACTCCTCAACGTGCAAATAGCACCCAGACC
CAATATAATTGATCAATGGACCAAGTTACCCCAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCTCCTCCAAGAGTCCGTATCG
ACGAGGGGGTTTACGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAGTGGTGCAGCCGCTACTAAGGGTTCGTT
TGTTCAACGATTAATAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGCAATCCAGGTCGGTTTCTATCTATG
ATGAGCTCTTCCCAGTACGAAAGGACAGGAAAAGCGAGGCCAATACTACAGGCAAGCCTTCGCCTTAAGT
AATGAATCCAACTAAATTACGAAAGGCTATCACACCACAACCACGTCCTAGAAAAGGACCAGCTAGCGTG
GCAGAGCTCGGAAAATGCAAAAGGCTTAAGTCCTTTAAATCAGAGGTTCAAATCCTCTCCCTAGCTTTAC
TTCAAATGACCGACCACCCATTCCTAATTAACCTTATTATAATACTCTCCTATGCTATTCCCATTCTAAT
TGCCGTAGCCTTTCTAACTCTAGTAGAACGCAAAATCCTAAGCTACATGCAAGGCCGAAAAGGCCCTAAT
ATCGTAGGCCCATTCGGCCTCCTCCAACCCGTAGCAGATGGGGTGAAACTATTCATCAAAGAGCCAATCC
GCCCTTCAACATCATCACCAATCCTCTTCATTACTACTCCAATACTAGCACTCCTCCTGGCAATCTCCAT
TTGAACCCCACTCCCAATCCCATATCCCCTCGCAGATCTTAACCTCGGACTACTATTCATGCTGGCTATG
TCAAGCCTAGCAGTATACTCCATTCTATGATCTGGCTGAGCCTCCAACTCAAAATACGCCCTAATTGGAG
CATTACGAGCAGTAGCTCAAACAATCTCATACGAAGTTACCCTAGCAATCATCCTACTATCCGTTATTCT
CCTCAATGGGAACTACACACTAAGCACTCTAGCAGTCACTCAAGAGCCTCTATATTTAATTTTCTCCTGC
TGACCTCTTGCTATAATATGATATGTATCCACACTAGCCGAAACCAATCGTGCCCCATTTGACCTTACAG
AAGGAGAATCAGAGCTAGTCTCAGGGTTCAACGTAGAATATGCAGCAGGACCATTTGCCCTATTCTTCCT
AGCAGAATATGCAAATATCATACTCATAAACACATTAACCGTTATCCTATTTTTCAACCCAAGCTTATTT
AATCCTCCTCAAGAACTCTTCCCCATAATTCTTGCCACAAAAGTCCTACTACTATCCGCAGGATTTCTAT
GAATTCGTGCTTCCTACCCACGATTCCGATATGACCAGCTTATACACTTACTATGAAAAAACTTCCTCCC
CCTAACACTCGCTCTATGTTTATGACACATTAGCATGCCAGTCTCCTATGCAGGTCTACCTCCCTACCTA
AGGAGACTCAGGAAATGTGCCTGAACATCAAAAGGATCACTATGATAAAGTGAACATAGAGGTAACCAGT
CCTCTCATTTCCTATAGCTTAGAAAAGCAGGAATCGAACCTGCACAAAAGGGATCAAAACCCTTCATACT
CCCTTTATATTATTTTCTAGTAGGGTCAGCTAATTAAGCTATCGGGCCCATACCCCGAAAATGATGGTTT
AACCCCTTCCCCTACTAATGAATCCCCAAGCCAAACTAATCTTCATCATCAGCCTATTTCTGGGAACAAC
CATCACAATCTCAAGCAATCACTGAGTCATAGCTTGAACCGGCCTTGAAATTAACACACTTGCCATCTTA
CCCCTAATCTCAAAATCTCACCACCCTCGAGCCGTCGAAGCAGCAACCAAATACTTCCTAGTACAAGCAA
CTGCTTCAACTCTAGTCCTATTTTCTAGCATAACTAACGCATGATACACTGGACAATGAGACATTACCCA
ACTGACTCACTCAACATCCTCCCTGATCCTAACTGCAGCCATTTCAATAAAACTAGGCCTAGCCCCATTC
CACTTCTGATTCCCAGAGGTACTCCAAGGCTCTCCACTCACCACCGGCCTCCTCTTATCCACAGTCATAA
AATTCCCACCAATCACCCTACTTTTTATAACTTCCCAGTCCCTCAACCCCTCCCTATTAACTGTTCTCGC
TATCCTCTCCGTAGCCATAGGAGGATGAATGGGACTAAATCAAACACAAACCCGAAAAATTATAGCCTTT
TCCTCCATTGCCCACTTAGGATGAATAACCATTATCCTTGTTTATTACCCAAAACTCACACTACTCAATT
TCTACCTATACGCTATAATAACCGCCGCCGTATTCCTGACCCTAAACTCAATAAAAGTCCTAAAACTATC
AACATTAATGACTGCATGAACAAAAGCACCTTCACTTAGCACAATTCTCCTACTAACACTCCTATCCTTA
GCCGGCCTCCCTCCCTTAACCGGCTTCCTCCCAAAATGGCTCATTATCCAAGAGCTAACTAAACAGGATA
TAGCCCCAGCAGCAATGATCATTTCACTTCTATCTCTCCTAGGACTTTTCTTCTACCTTCGTCTGGCCTA
TTGCGCAACAATCACACTCCCGCCCCACACAACAAACCACATAAAACAATGACATATCAACAAACCAATT
AGCCCCTCAATCGCCGTTTTAACCACTCTCTCCATCATACTCCTCCCAATTTCCCCTATACTCGCCACTC
TAGTCTAAAAAAGAAACTTAGGTTTACTTAAACCGAAGGCCTTCAAAGCCTTAAACAAGAGTTAGACCCT
CTTAGTTTCTGTTAAAATCCGCAGGACATTACCCTGCATCTCCTGAATGCAACTCAGATGCTTTAACTAA
GCTAGGATTTCACACCTCTAGACAGATGGGCTTCGATCCCACGATACTATAGTTAACAGCTATATGCCCT
AAACCAACAGGCTTCTGCCTACAGACTCCGGTGCACAGCTAATGCACATCAATGGGCTTGCAACCCACCA
TGAACTTCACTACAGAGCCGATAAGAAGAGGAATTAAACCTCTGTAAAAAGGACTACAGCCTAACGCTTA
TACACTCAGCCATCTTACCTGTGACTTTCATTAACCGATGACTATTCTCAACCAACCACAAAGACATTGG
CACTCTGTACCTAATCTTCGGAGCATGAGCCGGAATAGTAGGTACCGCCCTAAGTCTCCTTATCCGAGCA
GAACTAGGCCAACCCGGTGCCCTGCTAGGAGACGACCAAATCTACAATGTTATCGTTACAGCCCATGCTT
TCGTTATAATCTTCTTCATAGTAATACCAATTATAATCGGAGGGTTTGGAAACTGACTAGTACCCCTAAT
AATTGGTGCGCCGGACATAGCCTTCCCACGAATAAACAACATAAGCTTCTGACTTCTTCCTCCCTCATTC
CTTCTCCTACTAGCTTCCTCTACAGTAGAAGCAGGAGCAGGTACAGGATGAACCGTATATCCCCCACTAG
CCGGTAACCTAGCCCATGCTGGAGCTTCAGTAGACCTAGCCATTTTCTCACTACATCTAGCAGGTATCTC
CTCTATTCTAGGGGCAATCAACTTCATCACCACAGCAATTAATATAAAACCCCCAGCACTATCACAGTAT
CAAACCCCTCTATTCGTATGATCCGTACTAATCACCGCAGTACTACTCCTCCTATCCCTTCCTGTCCTTG
CTGCTGGAATTACTATACTCCTAACAGACCGTAACCTTAACACTACATTCTTCGACCCAGCAGGAGGAGG
AGACCCAGTACTATACCAACACCTATTCTGATTCTTCGGACACCCAGAAGTCTACATCCTAATTCTACCA
GGATTCGGCATTATTTCACACGTTGTAGCATACTATGCAGGCAAAAAAGAACCATTCGGCTACATAGGAA
TAGTATGAGCAATACTATCCATTGGATTCCTGGGTTTCATTGTTTGAGCACACCACATATTTACAGTCGG
AATGGACGTAGATACTCGAGCATACTTCACATCTGCCACCATAATCATTGCCATCCCAACAGGAATCAAA
GTGTTCAGCTGACTAGCAACACTACACGGAGGTACAATCAAATGAGACCCCCCAATTCTATGAGCTCTAG
GCTTTATCTTCCTTTTCACTATTGGAGGACTGACAGGAATTGTACTAGCAAATTCTTCCCTAGACATCGC
TCTACACGACACCTACTACGTAGTAGCTCACTTTCATTACGTACTATCCATGGGTGCGGTATTCGCAATC
CTAGCAGGCTTTACCCACTGATTCCCGCTATTCACCGGCTATACCCTCCACTCCACATGAGCTAAAATCC
ATTTCGGAGTAATATTCGTGGGAGTAAACCTCACCTTCTTCCCTCAACACTTCCTAGGACTAGCCGGCAT
GCCACGACGATACTCAGACTATCCAGATGCCTACACCCTATGAAACACTATTTCCTCAGTAGGATCCCTA
ATCTCCCTAACTGCCGTAATCATACTAATGTTCATCATCTGAGAGGCCTTCGCATCCAAACGCAAAGCCC
TACAACCAGAACTAGTTAGCACAAACGTTGAATGAATCCACGGCTGCCCACCCCCATTCCATACATTTGA
AGAGCCAGCCTTCGTTCAAGTCCAAGAAAGGAAGGAATCGAACCCCCACATGTTGGTTTCAAGCCAACCG
CATAAACCACTTATGCTTCTTTCTCATTAGAGGTGTTAGTAAAACTATTACATAGCCCTTGTCAAGGCTA
AATTACAGGTGAAAACCCAGTACACCTCAACATAAATATGGCCAACCACATACAATTCGGTTTTCAAGAC
GCTTCATCCCCTATCATAGAAGAACTAGTAGAATTTCACGACCACGCTTTAATGACTGCTTTAGCTATCT
GCAGCCTGGTACTGTACCTACTAACTCTAATACTCACTGAAAAACTATCATCTAGCACAGTCGATGCACA
AGAAATCGAACTTGTTTGAACAATTCTTCCCGCAATCGTCCTAATTATACTTGCTCTACCATCCCTACAA
ATCCTCTACATAATGGATGAAGTCAACGAGCCCGATCTAACACTAAAAGCCATTGGGCACCAATGGTACT
GATCCTACGAATACACTGACTTCAAAGACCTAACATTTGACTCTTACATAACACCAACTACGGACCTACC
ACTAGGCCACTTCCGATTACTGGAAGTAGACCATCGTGTAATCGTTCCAATAGAATCACTAGTTCGAGTC
ATTGTTACCGCCGACGATGTACTTCACTCATGAGCTGTTCCAAGCCTAGGCGTAAAAACTGACGCAATTC
CAGGACGACTAAACCAAACTTCATTTACCGCTACCCGACCTGGCGTCTTCTACGGTCAATGCTCAGAAAT
CTGCGGAGCTAACCACAGCTTTATACCAATTGTAGTTGAATCTGTTCCACTAGCCAACTTTGAGAACTGA
TCATCCCTACTATCATCCTAATCATTAAGAAGCTATGAACCAGCACTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAGAGAAAGAG
GGCTACTAACCCTCCTTAATGATATGCCTCAACTAAACCCAAACCCATGATTTTTTATCATGCTAATTTC
ATGAATCACCTATTCCATAATTATTCAACCTAAATTACTATCCTTTATCTCACCAAATCACCCATCCAAC
CTAATCCAAGAGAACCCAACCACTACCCCCTGAACCTGACCATGAACCTAAGCTTCTTCGACCAATTTTC
AAGTCCATCACTCCTAGGAATCCCCCTAGTTCTAATCGCTACAACATTCCCAGCCCTCTTGCTGTCATCT
CAAAATAATCGATGAGTTACTAGTCGTGTATCAACCCTACAATTATGACTCATCAACTTAATCACAAAAC
AACTGATAATTCCACTAGATAAAAAAGGACATAAATGAGCCATAATCCTAACATCACTCATAATCTTCCT
TTTACTAACTAACCTTTTAGGTCTACTACCCTACACATTCACCCCAACTACCCAACTATCCATAAATCTA
GCCCTAGCCTTCCCTCTATGACTTGCCACTCTACTTACAGGCTTACGAAACCAACCATCAATCTCCCTAG
GCCATCTCCTGCCAGAGGGCACTCCCACCCCACTAATCCCAGCCCTAATCCTTATTGAAACAACTAGCCT
TCTCATTCGCCCTCTAGCCCTAGGCGTTCGCCTAACAGCTAACCTGACAGCAGGACACCTACTAATCCAA
CTTATTTCAACAGCCACAGCCGTCCTAATTTCAACAATACCAATAATTTCACTACTAACATTCCTAATTT
TATTCCTACTAACTATCCTAGAAGTAGCAGTAGCCATAATCCAAGCCTATGTTTTCGTACTACTACTAAG
CCTATATCTACAAGAAAACATTTAAACCCCTAATGACCCACCAAGCACACTCTTACCACATAGTTGATCC
CAGCCCATGACCTATCCTAGGAGCAGCCGCCGCCCTCCTTACTACATCTGGCCTAACCATATGATTCCAC
TACAACTCACCTTATTTACTAATCATTGGACTCACCTCCACCGCTCTAGTTATACTTCAATGATGACGTG
ACATTGTCCGAGAAAGTACATTTCAAGGTCACCACACACCCACAGTACAAAAAGGCCTGCGATACGGAAT
AGTCCTATTCATCACATCAGAAGCATTCTTTTTCTTAGGCTTTTTCTGAGCATTCTTCCATTCCAGCCTA
GCCCCTACACCAGAACTAGGAGGACAATGACCTCCAGTAGGAATTAAACCCCTAAACCCAATAGACGTCC
CCCTCCTAAATACTGCCATCCTACTAGCCTCAGGAGTCACAGTCACATGAGCACATCACAGCATTATAGA
AGCCAACCGAAAACAAGCAATTCAAGCACTTGCCCTTACAGTTCTCCTAGGCTTCTACTTCACTGCCCTA
CAAGCTATAGAATACTACGAAGCCCCCTTCTCCATTGCCGACGGAGTATATGGCTCCACCTTCTTTGTAG
CTACCGGCTTTCACGGCCTTCACGTAATCATTGGCTCTACATTCCTCCTAGTATGCCTTCTACGCCTAAT
CAAGTTCCATTTCACACCCAAACACCACTTCGGCTTTGAAGCAGCAGCTTGATACTGACACTTCGTAGAC
GTTGTGTGACTATTCCTTTATATAACCATCTACTGATGAGGATCTTACTCTTCTAGTATACTAATTACAA
TCGACTTCCAATCCTTAAAATCTGGTTTAAACCCAGAGAAGAGTAATGAATATAGTCCTGTTCATATTAA
TCTCCTCCTTCATCCTCAGTATTATCCTCACCACATTAAACTTCTGGCTAGCGCAAACAAACCCAGACTC
AGAGAAACTATCCCCATACGAATGCGGATTTGACCCCCTAGGGTCCGCCCGGCTGCCATTTTCAATTCGA
TTCTTCCTAGTAGCTATCTTATTCTTACTATTCGACTTAGAAATCGCCCTACTACTTCCATTACCATGAG
CCCTCCAACTACAAGCCCCTACCACTACACTAATATGAGCATCCATCCTCATCCTTCTACTCACCTTAGG
CCTAATCTACGAATGAATTCAAGGAGGACTAGAATGAGCAGAATAACAGAAAGTTAGTCTAACCAAGACA
GTTGATTTCGACTCAACAGATTATAGCTCACACCCTATAACTTTCTTAATGTCTGCCCTACATCTAAGTT
TTTTCTCTGCCTTCACCCTAAGCGGCCTAGGCCTAGCTTTTCACCGCACGCACCTAATCTCAGCCCTATT
ATGCCTGGAGAGCATAATACTATCCATATATGTTGCACTCTCCATATGACCAATTCAAACCCAAACAGCC
TCTGCCACCTTACTACCTCTTCTCATACTAGCATTTTCTGCTTGCGAAGCAGCAACAGGACTAGCCCTAC
TAGTCGCCTCTACTCGAACACACGGTTCCGACCACCTACATAACTTCAACCTACTACAATGCTAAAAATT
ATCCTTCCAACCATCATACTCCTACCCCTAACCATCCTTTCCCCCCACAAACACCTATGGACTAACACCA
CAACACACAGCCTATTGATTGCCACCATCAGCCTACAGTGACTCGTCCCTACATACTACCCAAGCAAAGG
ACTAACTCACTGAACCTCAGTTGATCAAATTTCTTCTCCCTTACTAGTCCTATCATGCTGGCTACTTCCT
CTCATGCTTATAGCAAGCCAAAATCACCTAGAACAAGAACCTACCGTCCGCAAACGAATATTCATTTCTA
CCGTAATTACAGTTCAACCATTCATCCTCTTAGCCTTCTCAGCCTCAGAACTAATACTATTCTACATCGC
ATTTGAAGCAACCCTTATTCCAACCCTAATCCTAATTACACGATGAGGAAACCAACCAGAACGACTAAAC
GCAGGAATCTACCTACTATTCTACACACTAGCCAGCTCTCTTCCTCTATTGATCACAATCCTCCACCTAC
ATAACCAAATCGGCACATTATATTTCCCCATACTCAAACTCTCACACCCAACAATAAACAACTCCTGAAC
AGGCCTAGTCTCAAGTCTAGCTCTTCTACTAGCCTTCATAGTAAAATCCCCCCTATATGGCTTACACCTA
TGACTCCCTAAAGCACATGTAGAAGCCCCAATTGCCGGCTCAATACTACTAGCCGCACTTCTCCTAAAGC
TAGGGGGCTATGGCATCATGCGAGTAACCATTTTAGTAGATCCATCTACAAATAACCTCCACTACCCATT
CATTACATTAGCACTATGGGGGGCAGTAATAACAAGTGCAATCTGCCTACGACAAATTGACCTAAAATCA
CTAATTGCTTACTCCTCTGTAAGCCACATAGGACTAGTCATTGCTGCAACCATAATCCAAACTCAATGAG
CCTTCTCAGGAGCAATAATCCTAATAATCTCACACGGTTTAACTTCCTCAATACTATTCTGCTTAGCCAA
CACAAACTACGAACGAACCCATAGCCGAATTCTCCTCCTCACCCGCGGTCTACAACCACTTCTGCCCCTA
ATAGCCACCTGATGACTTCTGGCAAACTTAACAAACATAGCACTACCACCAACAACCAACCTTATAGCAG
AACTAACTATTGTAGTAGCTTTATTCAACTGATCTCCACTGACAATCATTCTGACAGGCACTACAATCGT
CCTAACTGCCTCCTATACCCTTCACATACTAATTACAACACAACGAGGAGCACTACCATCCCATATCACC
TCAATCCAAAACTCCTCTACACGAGAACATCTCCTGATAGCCCTACACATAATCCCCATAATCCTGCTTA
TCTTCAAACCCGAACTTATCTCAGGAATCCCTATATGCAAGTATAGTTTAACCAAAACATTAGATTGTGA
TTCTAAAGATAGAAGTTAAACCCTTCTTACCTGCCGAGGGGAGGTTAAACCAGCAAGAACTGCTAATTCT
TGCATCTGAGTCTAAAACCTCAGCCCCCTTACTTTCAAAGGATAATAGTAATCCAGTGGTCTTAGGAACC
AATCATCTTGGTGCAAATCCAAGTGAAAGTAATGGACCAAACACTCATATTAAACACATTTATACTACTC
ACCCTAGCTGTTCTCTGTACTCCAATCATCTTTCCCCTTCTATCAAACAGCCTAAAAAATACGCCAACTA
TCATCACAAACACTGTTAAAACCTCCTTTCTAATTAGCCTAGTACCTATAATCATCTATATCCACTCAGG
GACAGAAAGCTTAACCTCGCTCTGAGAATGAAAATTCATCATAAATTTCAAAATCCCTGTTAGCCTAACA
ATAGACTTCTACTCACTAACTTTCTTCCCAATCGCCCTATTCGTCTCCTGATCAATCCTGCAATTCGCAA
CATGATATATAGCTTCAGACCCCCATATTACAAAATTCTTTACTTTCCTCCTCCTATTCCTAATTGCAAT
ACTCATTTTAATTGTCTCCAACAACCTTTTCCTACTCTTTATCGGATGAGAAGGGGTCGGAATCATGTCC
TTCCTACTAATTAGCTGATGACACGGCCGAGCAGAAGCCAATACCGCAGCCCTACAAGCCGTACTATATA
ATCGAGTAGGAGACGTAGGACTTATCCTATGCATAGCATGACTAGCCTCCACTATAAACACATGAGAAAT
CCAACAAATTTCCTCCCAAACCCAAATCCCAACTCTTCCCCTACTAGGCCTAATCCTAGCTGCAGCAGGC
AAATCCGCCCAATTTGGCCTACACCCCTGGCTACCAGCAGCAATAGAAGGCCCAACTCCTGTATCTGCCC
TACTCCATTCCAGCACCATGGTAGTAGCCGGAATTTTCCTACTCATTCGAACCCACCCCCTTTTCAACAA
CAACCCTACTGCCCTCTCCTTATGCCTATGCTTAGGGGCCCTTTCAACCCTATTCGCAGCTACATGTGCC
CTAACCCAAAACGATATCAAAAAAATCATTGCTTTCTCCACATCCAGTCAACTAGGCCTAATAATAGTCA
CAATCGGCCTCAACCTACCTCAACTGGCTTTCCTACACATTTCAACCCACGCATTCTTCAAAGCCATACT
ATTTCTATGCTCTGGGTCTATTATCCACAACCTCAATGGTGAACAGGATATCCGAAAAATAGGAGGACTC
CAAAAAATACTACCAACAACCACCTCATGCTTAACCATCGGAAACCTGGCTTTAATAGGAACCCCATTTC
TAGCAGGATTCTACTCAAAAGACCAGATCATCGAAAGTCTTAATACCTCCTACCTAAATGCCTGAGCCCT
AGTCCTAACCCTCCTAGCCACCTCATTCACTGCAGTGTACACCATTCGAATAACCGTATTAGTCCAAACA
GGCTATGTCCGAATTCCCCCTCTCACTCCTATAAACGAAAACAACCCAGCAATTCTGTCTTCAATTACCC
GCCTTGCACTAGGAAGCATCACAGCAGGATTCCTAATCACCTCTTATATCCCACCTGCAAAAACCCCACC
AACAACGATACCACTCTCCATTAAGATAACAGCCATTGTAGTCACACTCCTGGGAATTGTACTAGCCCTA
GAACTATCAAAAATAACTCAAACCTTAATCCTCCCTAAACAGAATCGCTTCTCAAACTTCTCTACAACCC
TAGGGTACTTTAACCCCCTAGTTCACCGATTCATCACAACAAAGCTACTAAGCAGCGGCCAAAACATTGC
CTCTCACCTAATCGACCTCTCTTGATACAAACTAATCGGCCCCGAAGGACTAGCTAACCTACAAATAATA
GCATCAAAAACTGCCACTTCCTTCCACACCGGCCTAATCAAAGCCTACTTAGGATCATTCGCCCTATCCA
TCCTCCTTATCCTCCTGTCAACATACAGAACCAACCTAATGGCCCTAAATCTACGTAAAAACCACCCCCT
ACTAAAAATCGTCAATGACTCCTTAATCGATCTTCCCACCCCATCAAACATTTCAGCTTGATGAAACTTC
GGATCCCTATTAGGCATCTGCCTAATTACACAAATCATTACAGGCTTACTACTAGCCATACATTATACAG
CAGACACTTCTCTAGCCTTTGCCTCAGTCTCCCACATATGCCGTAATGTACAATTTGGATGACTAATCCG
AAATCTCCATGCAAACGGAGCCTCCTTCTTCTTCATCTGCATTTATCTACACATCGGCCGAGGATTCTAC
TACGGATCATACCTAAATAAAGAAACCTGAAACATCGGAGTAATCCTCCTCCTAACTCTAATAGCAACTG
CTTTTGTAGGATACGTCCTGCCATGAGGCCAAATATCCTTCTGAGGAGCCACAGTTATTACTAACCTATT
CTCAGCAATCCCATACATTGGACAAACACTAGTAGAGTGACTATGAGGAGGATTTTCAGTAGACAACCCC
ACATTAACCCGATTTTTTGCCTTCCACTTGATACTGCCCTTTGTAATCGCAGGCTTAACACTAGTCCACC
TAACCTTCCTACACGAGACAGGCTCAAACAATCCACTAGGGATCCCCTCAGACTGCGATAAAATCCCATT
CCACCCTTACTATTCCATCAAAGACCTACTAGGATTCGCACTAATACTAGTCCTACTTGCTACTATAGCA
CTATTCTCCCCAAACCTCCTAGGAGATCCAGAAAACTTCACACCTGCTAATCCCCTAGCCACACCTCCCC
ATATCAAACCTGAATGGTACTTCCTATTTGCTTACGCCATCCTCCGATCTATCCCAAACAAATTAGGAGG
AGTCCTAGCCCTAGCTGCTTCAGTCCTAATCCTATTCTTAATCCCCCTACTTCATGTCTCCAAACAACGT
TCTATGACCTTCCGACCCCTATCACAAATTCTATTCTGAGCCCTAGTCACCGACCTCCTCATCCTAACAT
GAATCGGAAGCCAACCAGTCGAACACCCATTCATTATCATTGGCCAATTAGCTTCCTTCGCCTACTTCAC
AATCATCCTTATCTTATTCCCCCTTGTGAGTGCACTAGAAAACAAACTACTCAACCTCTAATTAACTCTA
ATAGTTTATAAAAACATTGGTCTTGTAAGCCAAAGATTGAAGACTAACATCTTCTTAGAGTTTGCCCACA
AATCAGAAAGAAAGGAATCAAACCTTTATCACCAACTCCCAAAGCTGGTATTTTCAATTAAACTACCTTC
TGACTTACCGATTAAACCGCCCGAATTGCCCCCCGAGATAACCCCCGCACAAGTTCTAGAACTACGAACA
GAGTTAATAACAGACCCCACCCTGCAATTAAAAGCAGCCCCGCCCCGAGTGAATAAAACACAGCCACACC
ACTAAAATCTAACCGAACTCATGACAGGCCTCCGCTATTAACTGTATCACCCCCCATAACCACCTCAGAA
AACCCCCCTATAACAACCCCTACAATAACAACAACTAACCCCATACCTACACCATAACCAACAACCCGTC
AATTACCCCAAGACTCAGGGTAAGGATCCGCCGCTAACGACACCGAATAAACAAACACCACCAACATCCC
CCCTAAATACACCATTACCAGTACCAAAGACACAAAAGAAACCCCCATACTTACCAATCACCCACAACCC
GCAATAGAAGCTACAACCAACCCTACTACCCCATAATAAGGAGACGGATTAGATGCAACCGCTAACCCCC
CTAAAACAAAAAATAAACTCATAAATAGTACAAAATTTATCATAAGTTCCTGCCTGGATCCTCCCCAAGA
CCTATGGCCTGAAAAGCCACCGTTATAAAATTTAACTACAGGAACCTAAATCATACCTTTCATTTCTCCC
CATTCTTTCTTTTTCCCCCCCTACCCCCCCATGTTTTTACATGGGTTTTTAGGTATGCATGTCTTTGCAT
ACAATTCTCGTCCACATTAGACATATAATGAATGTAGGATATTTCACATAACAAGTAATGCTAGACCTAA
CTAAACTCAAATATCATCGCCCATTACAACCCAAACGGACAAATAACCTTCTAGGCACATCCCAATCCAA
GTACAACAAACCCAAGTGATCCTACCCAATGAAACCAGACAAGCGTCACCCAAGATCGAGGATAATTTAC
TGTACATAACCATCCACTCTAGTAAACGAGGAATATCCTAGTACCCCAATGAATTCCCAATCCCATACGT
TTCAGTCCACCTCCTAAATAACACTCTCAACCTACGGCCTTCAAGCGCTCCCAAGCCAGAGAACCTGGTT
ATTTATTAATCGTAAACCTCACGAGAACCGAGCTACTCGACGTAGATTCTGCTCACGGCTACCAGCTTCA
GGACCATACTTTCCCCCTACACCCTCGCCCAACTTGCACTTTTGCGCCTCTGGTTCCTTTTTCAGGGCCA
TAACTTGGTTCATTCCCTCTCTATCGCTCTTCACAGATGCATATGGTCGGATGCATACTCCTCCCTTTGC
CTCGTGATCGCGGCATCCGACCGCCCTGGCACTTGTTTTCTTTTTGGGGTCTCTTCAATAAGCCCTTCAA
GTGCGTAGCAGGAGATATCTTCCTCTTGACGTGTACATCACATGACATCCGAGCGGTCGGCGTCTGTAAT
GTCCCTGGTGTCATGGTTGTTCGGATAAGGTCGTCTCAAACTTGACACTGATGCACTTTTACCCCATTCA
TGGTGGGTCCCCCAGCTACCTATATAGTAGCTAATAATGTTATGCTTGCCGGACATATTTATTTTTATTT
CCATTGCTAGGAATTTATACCTAAACCCTCATTTTTACCCTTTTTTTTTATCGTTTCTTTTTATTTTGTC
ATTTTAACAAAATAAACAACAAATTTTATCTGATTTCAACCTAGAATATCCAAACCATTCATCATTCATT
CATTTACACTTAATTTTCCTCTATTTTCCACCTAATCTTTAAACCAACAAACTAACAACTTTTATCATAA
TCTTAACTTAACTAACCTTAACAAACATATACAACAAAAAGATTAATTAACACAATATAAAAGAACACAC
TTTTTATCCATTAAATCTAAACCTCAAACCAAAAATTAACACACCAACACCACAGCTCTATTTTACTCCC
AAACTAAAAACAAGATAAAAATACAAAACATTTACACTAACTAATAACTTTAAAATACTACATTTGCTT
Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.