Viewing data for Amblyraja radiata


Scientific name Amblyraja radiata
Common name Thorny skate
Maximum lifespan 16.00 years (Amblyraja radiata@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16783 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 6760 10023 4351 2409 4933 5090
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 403 597 259 144 294 303
Base content (%) 40.3% 59.7%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11414 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 4686 6728 3188 1498 3430 3298
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 411 589 279 131 301 289
Base content (%) 41.1% 58.9%
D-loop: No data available for this section.
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1545 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 595 950 338 257 439 511
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 385 615 219 166 284 331
Base content (%) 38.5% 61.5%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2645 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1045 1600 566 479 698 902
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 395 605 214 181 264 341
Base content (%) 39.5% 60.5%
12S rRNA gene (size: 967 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 401 566 217 184 252 314
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 415 585 224 190 261 325
Base content (%) 41.5% 58.5%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1678 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 644 1034 349 295 446 588
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 384 616 208 176 266 350
Base content (%) 38.4% 61.6%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 267 417 189 78 218 199
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 390 610 276 114 319 291
Base content (%) 39.0% 61.0%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 63 105 50 13 50 55
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 375 625 298 77 298 327
Base content (%) 37.5% 62.5%
COX1 (size: 1557 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 647 910 391 256 502 408
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 416 584 251 164 322 262
Base content (%) 41.6% 58.4%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 265 426 159 106 200 226
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 384 616 230 153 289 327
Base content (%) 38.4% 61.6%
COX3 (size: 786 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 348 438 218 130 237 201
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 443 557 277 165 302 256
Base content (%) 44.3% 55.7%
CYTB (size: 1143 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 490 653 336 154 353 300
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 429 571 294 135 309 262
Base content (%) 42.9% 57.1%
ND1 (size: 975 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 407 568 283 124 293 275
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 417 583 290 127 301 282
Base content (%) 41.7% 58.3%
ND2 (size: 1047 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 442 605 332 110 289 316
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 422 578 317 105 276 302
Base content (%) 42.2% 57.8%
ND3 (size: 351 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 160 191 105 55 111 80
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 456 544 299 157 316 228
Base content (%) 45.6% 54.4%
ND4 (size: 1381 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 563 818 391 172 424 394
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 408 592 283 125 307 285
Base content (%) 40.8% 59.2%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 127 170 91 36 94 76
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 428 572 306 121 316 256
Base content (%) 42.8% 57.2%
ND5 (size: 1836 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 717 1119 502 215 566 553
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 391 609 273 117 308 301
Base content (%) 39.1% 60.9%
ND6 (size: 519 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 194 325 142 52 102 223
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 374 626 274 100 197 430
Base content (%) 37.4% 62.6%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (9.69%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 52 (22.91%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 24 (10.57%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 15 (6.61%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
17 7 7 8 10 12 2 17 10 1 3 1 7 2 10 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 0 2 9 8 0 2 4 3 0 4 7 4 0 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 9 1 1 1 3 0 0 3 2 1 0 3 3 8 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 4 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
46 66 70 46
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
21 61 35 111
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
11 62 94 61
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNLNPWFLIFLFSWLFFLVVLPHKLTSYLLNYSPTPKNTEKQKPEPWNWPWS*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 0 (0%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 10 (18.18%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 8 (14.55%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
0 1 0 1 3 2 0 3 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 4 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
1 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
4 17 15 20
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
6 14 17 19
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
3 19 23 11
COX1 (size: 1557 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 46 (8.88%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 43 (8.3%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 33 (6.37%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 33 (6.37%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 41 (7.92%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 66 (12.74%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 42 (8.11%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 24 (4.63%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 29 (5.6%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 38 (7.34%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 20 (3.86%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.28%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 14 (2.7%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.12%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 16 (3.09%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (1.93%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 18 (3.47%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (1.54%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.54%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
23 19 22 14 13 13 3 22 7 3 15 11 13 2 20 18
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 1 12 15 14 2 10 14 15 7 9 7 12 1 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 17 2 12 7 9 1 2 2 12 8 1 1 12 4 7
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
11 11 0 7 7 8 0 2 3 3 0 0 0 1 0 16
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
155 108 127 129
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
76 134 98 211
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
25 149 183 162
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (7.42%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 27 (11.79%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 24 (10.48%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (5.24%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (4.8%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (4.8%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 18 (7.86%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 10 9 6 2 6 0 11 7 1 5 3 8 1 6 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 2 0 1 3 9 1 2 1 5 0 3 4 6 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 6 0 2 4 3 1 0 3 7 4 0 2 5 1 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 15 3 3 8 4 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
68 51 62 49
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
24 50 68 88
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
14 58 96 62
COX3 (size: 786 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 21 (8.05%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 24 (9.2%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 11 (4.21%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 21 (8.05%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (6.51%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 35 (13.41%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 16 (6.13%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (3.07%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 13 (4.98%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 24 (9.2%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (3.83%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.6%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 6 (2.3%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (3.83%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.38%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.68%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 16 (6.13%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 5 4 11 9 6 0 9 7 0 5 6 6 0 14 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 1 1 9 9 6 0 1 8 9 3 2 3 7 1 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 10 0 0 2 6 0 0 3 5 5 1 0 1 0 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
11 10 0 2 4 2 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 1 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
78 67 51 66
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
43 66 53 100
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
9 85 97 71
CYTB (size: 1143 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 25 (6.58%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 21 (5.53%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 20 (5.26%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 26 (6.84%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 15 (3.95%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 66 (17.37%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 43 (11.32%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (5.79%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 32 (8.42%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.68%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 13 (3.42%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 7 (1.84%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 22 (5.79%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (1.84%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 11 (2.89%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
21 22 5 15 19 15 4 12 6 1 4 5 4 2 12 20
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 2 5 12 3 1 2 11 6 6 3 7 11 1 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 14 0 5 5 8 0 0 2 4 10 3 1 11 11 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 5 2 5 3 6 3 1 2 5 0 0 0 1 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
76 101 110 94
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
51 87 79 164
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
27 148 111 95
ND1 (size: 975 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (5.25%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 25 (7.72%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 23 (7.1%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 28 (8.64%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 12 (3.7%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 64 (19.75%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 28 (8.64%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 15 (4.63%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.79%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 16 (4.94%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (3.7%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.93%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (3.09%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 17 11 12 9 13 4 24 7 0 4 2 6 0 10 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 0 7 8 9 1 1 8 4 4 6 5 11 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
18 7 1 6 7 6 1 0 3 2 10 0 2 7 4 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 8 2 2 1 6 2 4 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
67 82 93 83
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
36 95 59 135
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
21 106 123 75
ND2 (size: 1047 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (4.89%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 26 (7.47%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 28 (8.05%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 43 (12.36%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 7 (2.01%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 78 (22.41%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 33 (9.48%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 16 (4.6%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 19 (5.46%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (3.74%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 6 (1.72%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.87%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.86%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 13 (3.74%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (3.45%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 6 (1.72%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 19 13 10 26 21 4 15 12 0 2 2 3 0 8 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 1 3 13 8 2 2 4 8 3 1 5 13 0 12
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
14 15 2 4 8 13 0 0 3 2 4 0 2 7 6 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
5 4 0 1 2 7 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
57 102 117 73
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
35 113 54 147
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
18 117 145 69
ND3 (size: 1047 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (4.89%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 26 (7.47%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 28 (8.05%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 43 (12.36%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 7 (2.01%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 78 (22.41%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 33 (9.48%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 16 (4.6%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 19 (5.46%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (3.74%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 6 (1.72%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.87%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.86%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 13 (3.74%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (3.45%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 6 (1.72%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 19 13 10 26 21 4 15 12 0 2 2 3 0 8 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 1 3 13 8 2 2 4 8 3 1 5 13 0 12
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
14 15 2 4 8 13 0 0 3 2 4 0 2 7 6 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
5 4 0 1 2 7 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
57 102 117 73
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
35 113 54 147
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
18 117 145 69
ND4 (size: 1381 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 22 (4.79%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 38 (8.28%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 33 (7.19%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 34 (7.41%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 97 (21.13%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 44 (9.59%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 23 (5.01%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 25 (5.45%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 19 (4.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 18 (3.92%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (3.27%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 15 (3.27%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
29 15 20 25 22 20 3 26 9 2 4 4 2 1 12 7
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 3 7 19 12 0 2 11 7 2 6 11 8 0 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
11 17 0 6 8 10 0 3 6 5 9 2 1 6 9 6
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 6 5 3 1 13 2 2 0 6 2 0 0 0 0 16
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
86 128 140 106
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
63 121 82 194
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
23 142 172 123
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 11 (11.22%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 11 (11.22%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (8.16%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 20 (20.41%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 8 (8.16%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
6 2 5 7 4 6 0 2 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 2 1 2 5 4 0 0 1 3 1 2 1 0 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 4 0 3 4 3 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 4 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
21 26 28 24
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
12 32 14 41
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
3 33 34 29
ND5 (size: 1836 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 28 (4.58%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 41 (6.71%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 44 (7.2%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 55 (9.0%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 5 (0.82%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 19 (3.11%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 104 (17.02%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 56 (9.17%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 29 (4.75%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 45 (7.36%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (2.13%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (1.8%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 36 (5.89%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 22 (3.6%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 23 (3.76%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (1.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
29 27 23 20 23 28 5 24 19 3 5 4 8 2 23 22
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
8 2 3 15 20 6 0 9 8 8 3 8 8 13 0 11
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
16 26 2 9 13 12 0 2 8 6 7 4 4 16 20 6
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 9 2 8 4 20 3 2 2 4 1 0 0 0 1 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
111 150 211 140
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
66 159 132 255
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
38 193 210 171
ND6 (size: 519 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (15.12%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 11 (6.4%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 14 (8.14%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 3 (1.74%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 21 (12.21%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 30 (17.44%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 9 (5.23%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (4.65%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 4 (2.33%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (5.81%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (6.98%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 7 (4.07%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (1.74%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (2.91%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (1.74%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (1.74%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
8 1 6 2 1 5 2 13 0 0 8 1 7 5 10 0
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 1 0 6 0 4 1 12 1 1 12 4 0 0 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 1 0 7 0 2 1 4 0 10 2 1 7 3 0 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 1 4 3 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 6
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
66 18 28 61
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
41 28 26 78
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
35 6 48 84
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11435 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 231 (6.06%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 282 (7.4%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 250 (6.56%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 295 (7.74%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 23 (0.6%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 180 (4.72%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 678 (17.8%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 339 (8.9%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 162 (4.25%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 211 (5.54%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 236 (6.19%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 120 (3.15%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 119 (3.12%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 70 (1.84%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 101 (2.65%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 146 (3.83%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 100 (2.62%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 102 (2.68%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 85 (2.23%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 70 (1.84%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
190 149 125 136 149 155 29 182 89 11 56 42 66 16 129 107
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
37 11 12 71 116 87 8 43 74 72 42 50 64 93 4 59
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
99 129 8 60 63 76 4 13 34 57 63 13 27 75 71 36
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
66 82 19 40 30 73 12 16 17 32 5 0 0 9 2 106
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
864 952 1074 921
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
490 991 735 1595
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
237 1156 1376 1042

>NC_000893.1 Amblyraja radiata mitochondrion, complete genome
GCTAGTGTAGCTTAAAGCAAAGCATAGCACTGAAGATGCTAATATAAATTTTAAAAACTTTCGCAAGCAC
TGAAGGTTTGGTCCTGGCCTCAGTATTAATTTTAACCAAATTTACACATGCAAGTTTCAGCACTCCAGTG
AGAACGCCCTAATCATGCCCTTATTTGTTTAGGAGCTGGTATCAGGCATATACAGTGTGTATAACCCATG
ACACCTCGCTTAACCACACCCCCAAGGGAGTTCAGCAGTGATAGACATTGAACAATAAGCGCAAGCTTGA
ATCAGTTAAAGTTAAAAGAGTTGGTTAATCTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATACGAGTAACTCACATTAA
TACTTCACGGCGTAAAGGGTGATTAAAAGTTTCTAAAAAATACTAGAGTTATAACCTTATAAAGCTGTCA
TACGCACCTATAAAAGGAATAATACACTGACGAAAGTGACTCTAATTAGATAGAGCTTTTGACCTCACGA
CAGTTAAGACACAAACTAGGATTAGATACCCTACTATGCTTAACCATAAATAGACCTTTATCATCACTTA
CTTTGTTTAAGTCCGCCTGAGTACTACAAGCGCTAGCTTAAAACCCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCCCCAGAC
CCCCCTAGAGGAGCCTGTTCTATAACCGATAATCCACGTTAAACCTTACCACTTCTTGCTCTTACCGCCT
ATATACCGCCGTCGTCAGCTCACCCCATGAGGGTATAAAAGTAAGCACAATGGATTTCCTCCAAAACGTC
AGGTCGAGGTGTAGCGAATGAAGTGGAAAGAAATGGGCTACATTTTCTCTCAAGAAAACACGGACAGTAG
AATGAAAAATCACTTATAAGGTGGATTTAGCAGTAAGAAAAACTTAGGATATTTTTCTGAAACCGGCTCT
GAGGCGCGCACACACCGCCCGTCACTCTCCTCAACCTAAGCTACTCTATTTTATAAATAAATTTTTATCA
CAAGAGGAGGCAAGTCGTAACATGGTAAGTGTACTGGAAAGTGTACTTGGAATAATCAAAATATGGCTAA
ATTAGTAAAGCACCTCCCTTACACCGAGGATATACCCGTGCAACTCGAGTTATCTTGAACCTTAAAACTA
GCCTAACTACCATTAATTAGCTTCAATATTACTAATAAATTATCTTAATATTTTATACTTAAAACATTTT
CACATTCCTAGTATAGGTGATAGAACAGAAATACTTAGCGCTATAGAAAAAGTACCGCAAGGGAAAGCTG
AAAAAGAATTGAAACAAATCATTAAAGTAACAAAAAGCAAAGATTCACCCCTGTACCTTTTGCATCATGA
TTTAGTAAGAACAAGTGGACAAAAAGACCTTAAGTCCACCTTCCCGAAACTAGGCGAGCTACTTCGGAGC
AGCGTACTAGAGCCAACCCGTCTCTGTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGAAGACTCCCGAGTAGAGGTGATAAGCCTA
CCGAGCCTAGTGATAGCTGGTTACCCAAAAAAAGAACTTAAATTCTGCAATAATTCTTCACCCCATCAAC
TAAGATTACCTAAATAAGGTGACCTGTAAGAATTATTAGTTATTTAAAAGAGGTACAACTCTTTTGAATT
AAGAAACAACTTTATTAGGAGGGTAATGATCATACTATTAAAGGACCACACCCCAGTAGGCCTAAAAGCA
GCCATCTGATCAGCAAGCGTCATAGCTCCAGCCCTTAACTAACCAATAATTCCGATACATTCTCCAAACC
CCCTAACCAATATTGGGTTTTTTTATTATACTAAATAAAAGAACTTATACTAAAATGAGTAATTAGAGGA
TTATCCTCTCCAAAGCACCCGTGTAAGTCAGAAAGAATTAAATCACTGATTATTAACCGACACCAACCTG
AGGTTATAATATTAATAATAATAAACTAGAAAAACACATTTGTTATATCGTTAACCCTACACAGGAGTGC
TTACAGGAAAGATTAAAAGAAAGTAAAGGAACTCGGCAAACACAAACTCCGCCTGTTTACCAAAAACATC
GCCTCTTGCAAACTCTGTATAAGAGGTCCCGCCTGCCCTGTGACATTGTTTAACGGCCGCGGTATTATGA
CCGTGCGAAGGTAGCGTAATCACTTGTCTTTTAATTGAAGACCTGTATGAAAGGCATCACGAGAGTTTAC
CTGTCTCTATTTTCTAATCAATGAAATTGATCTCCCCGTGCAGAAGCGGGGATATTACCATAAGACGAGA
AGACCCTATGGAGCTTTAAACACTTAAGTTATTATCTAACCAATAATTAATCTAAAGACTTAACCTACCA
TAAGGATAGCCTAACTTAATGTTTTCGGTTGGGGCGACCAAGGAGTAAAATAAAACCTCCTTATCGATTG
AGTATTTTTACTTGAAAATTAGAGCGACAGTTCTGATTAATAGAATATCTAACGAATAATGACCCAGGAT
TAAATCCTGATCAATGAACCAAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCTTTCTAAGAGTCCATATCGCC
GAAAGGGTTTACGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAACCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTG
TTCAACGATTAACAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGTAATCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTATGTA
GATATTTTCCCTAGTACGAAAGGACCGGGAAAATGGAGCCTATGCCCCAGGCACGCTTCTCCCTCATCTG
TTGAAATCAACTCAAACAGTAAAGAGGGGTTAGCCCTCTACTAAAGATTATAGCGAGTTAAGGTGGCAGA
GCTGGTAATTGCAAAAGACCTAAACTCTTTGATCCAGAGGTTCAACTCCTCTCCTTAACCATGTTAAAAA
CCATTATTACCCAAATCATTCACCCTTTAACCTACATCATCCCAGTCCTACTGGCCACAGCATTCTTAAC
CCTTGTAGAACGTAAAATCTTAGGTTACATGCAACTTCGTAAGGGCCCTAATGTAGTAGGACCATACGGG
CTCCTCCAACCTATCGCTGATGGATTAAAACTCTTTACCAAAGAACCAATCCGCCCCTCACACTCATCCC
ATTTTCTTTTTCTAGCAACCCCAACCGCTGCCCTAACCTTAGCTCTACTTATATGAATACCATTACCCCT
GCCTCACTCCATCCTTAATCTTAACTTAGGCTTATTATTTATTTTAGCCATTTCTAGCTTAACCGTTTAC
ACCATCCTGGGCTCCGGCTGAGCCTCTAATTCTAAGTACGCATTAATAGGGGCACTACGTGCTGTAGCAC
AAACTATTTCCTATGAAGTTACCTTGGGCTTAATCTTACTGTCGTTAGTTATCATAGCCGGGGGCTTCAC
ACTACACACATTTAATTTTACCCAAGAAACAATCTGACTTCTCATCCCAGCTTGACCACTTGCCATAATA
TGATACATCTCAACCTTAGCAGAAACCAACCGAGCTCCATTTGATTTAACGGAAGGGGAGTCAGAACTAG
TCTCTGGCTTTAATATCGAGTACGCAGGAGGACCTTTCGCCCTATTTCTTCTAGCGGAATACTCCAATAT
TTTAATAATAAATACATTATCAGTTATCCTCTTTATAGGCGTATCTTATAACCCCTCCCTCCCTCAAATT
TCAACATTGAGCCTTATAATTAAAGCAACCATGTTAACCATCCTATTCCTATGAATTCGTGCCTCTTACC
CACGATTCCGCTACGACCAACTCATACACCTAGTATGAAAAAACTTCTTACCACTTACATTAGCTCTTAT
TTTATGACACATCACTCTACCCACCTCCATGGCAAGCCTCCCACCCCTCACCTAAGGAAGCGTGCCTGAA
TTAAAGGATCACTTTGATAGAGTGAAACATGAATGTTAAAATCATTCCCCTTCCTTAGAAAAATAGGGCT
TGAACCTACTCCATAGAGATCAAAACTCTATGTACTTCCTATTATACTACTTCCTAAAGTAAAGTCAGCT
AATTAAGCTTTTGGGCCCATACCCCTACCATGTTGGTTAAAATCCTTCCTCTACTAATGAACCCCCTCGT
ACTATCAATCCTCCTCCTCAGCCTAGGTCTAGGCACTACAATCACATTCATAGGCTCCCACTGACTTCTA
ATTTGAATAGGCTTAGAAATTAATACTATAGCTATTATCCCATTAATAATCCACCAACAACACCCACGTG
CAGTAGAAGCCACTACCAAGTACTTCCTCACACAAGCCACAGCTTCTGCACTCCTCCTCTTTGCAGGAAC
AACAAATGCCTGAACTACAGGACAATGAAACATTACCGACATGCTTTCACCAACCTCCGCCACACTAATT
ACCTTAGCCTTAGCCTTAAAAATTGGTCTGGCACCTATACACTTCTGATTACCAGAAGTCCTCCAAGGAT
TGGACCTGACCACGGGACTTATCCTCTCAACATGACAAAAACTAGCCCCATTCGCCATCCTCCTTCAACT
CTACCCCCTCCTTAACCCAAATATTCTCATAGCCCTGGGGGTTACCTCAATCATCGTCGGGGGATGAAGC
GGACTTAATCAAACACAACTACGAAAAATTCTAGCGTATTCATCAATTGCACACCTAGGATGAATAATCA
CTATTATTCATTTTGCCCCAAATCTAGCGCTACTAAACCTTGCCCTCTATATTATTATAACCACCTCAAT
ATTTCTCCTATTTAACACACTTAATTCAACAAAAATCAACTCAATCTCCGTATCTGCTACCAAATCCCCA
CTACTCTCAATCCTATCCTTAGTTACTTTACTCTCATTAGGAGGCTTACCCCCACTCTCAGGGTTTATAC
CCAAATGACTCATCTTGCAAGAACTAACTAAGCAAGATTTACTAATCCCAGCCACTATTATAGCCCTGGC
AACTCTCCTTAGCTTATTTTTTTACTTACGTCTCTGCTACGCAATAACCCTAACTATCTCTCCAACCCCA
ATCTTTTTCATATCCTCATGACGAGCAAAAACCACTCAAATGAATATCTTACTCACAATCACCACTTCTC
TCTCCATCCTTCTCCTCCCCCTAACCCCAACATTACTAACACTATCCACGTAAGAAATTTAGGTTAATAA
AACCAAAAGCCTTCAAAGCTTTCAATAAGAGTTCAAATCTCTTAACTTCTGATAAGACTTGCAAGACTCT
ATCTCACATCCTCTGAATGCAACCCAGATGATTTAATTAAACTAAAGTCTTCTAGATAAGCAGGCCTCGA
TCCTACAATATCTTAATTAACAGTTAAGCGTTTAAACCATCGAACTTTTATCTAGGCTTCTCCCGCCGTA
GGGTAAAAGGCGGGAGAAGCCCGGGAGAGCCTTAATCTCCGTCTCAGGATTTGCAATCTTGTGTAAACTT
TACTACGGGACTTGGTAAGAAGAGGACTCTAACCTCTCTTCGCGGAACTACAGACCACCGCTTAACTCTC
AGCCATCTTACCTGTGGCAATTAATCGCTGATTATTCTCTACTAATCACAAAGATATCGGCACCCTCTAC
TTAATCTTTGGTGCCTGAGCAGGTATAGTCGGAACTGGCCTAAGTCTCTTAATTCGAGCAGAACTAAGTC
AGCCCGGATCACTTCTAGGTGATGATCAAATTTATAATGTCCTTGTTACAGCCCATGCCTTAGTAATAAT
CTTTTTTATGGTCATACCAATTATAATCGGGGGATTCGGCAATTGACTCGTCCCTTTAATGATCGGCTCT
CCAGATATAGCCTTTCCACGCATAAATAACATAAGCTTTTGACTTTTACCCCCTTCATTTCTTCTTCTCC
TGGCCTCCGCTGGGGTTGAAGCCGGAGCTGGAACAGGTTGAACTGTTTACCCCCCTCTAGCTGGAAATCT
AGCTCACGCGGGGGCCTCCGTAGACTTAACAATTTTCTCTCTTCATTTGGCAGGTATTTCTTCTATCTTA
GCCTCCATTAATTTCATCACCACAATCATCAACATAAAACCCCCAGCAATCTCTCAATACCAAACACCTT
TATTCGTGTGATCTATCCTTGTCACAACTGTCTTACTTCTTATAGCCCTCCCAGTACTAGCAGCTGGCAT
TACCATACTACTCACAGATCGTAACCTCAATACAACTTTCTTTGACCCGGCAGGGGGAGGAGACCCTATT
CTCTACCAGCACTTATTCTGATTCTTTGGTCACCCTGAAGTATATATTTTAATTTTACCAGGATTTGGAA
TAATCTCACATGTAGTTGCTTATTACTCTGGTAAAAAAGAACCCTTCGGCTATATAGGTATAGTCTGAGC
AATAATAGCTATTGGTCTTTTAGGGTTTATCGTCTGAGCACACCACATATTTACAGTAGGGATAGATGTA
GACACACGAGCGTATTTTACATCAGCCACGATAATTATTGCCATTCCAACAGGTGTTAAAGTCTTTAGCT
GACTAGCCACCCTCCACGGCGGCTCCATTAAATGGGAAACACCACTACTTTGAGCATTAGGCTTTATCTT
CCTATTCACAGTTGGAGGACTGACGGGGGTTGTTTTAGCCAATTCTTCCCTTGACATTGTACTCCACGAC
ACCTATTATGTTGTAGCCCATTTCCATTATGTTCTCTCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGCT
TTGTTCATTGATTCCCCTTATTCACAGGCTACACACTTCACTCCACATGATCAAAAATTCAATTCTTAAT
TATATTTATCGGAGTAAACCTGACCTTTTTCCCCCAACACTTCCTAGGCTTAGCAGGCATACCACGACGC
TATTCAGACTACCCAGATGCTTACACCCTTTGAAATGTTGTATCATCTATCGGATCCCTAATCTCGTTAG
TCGCTGTCATCATCTTATTATTTATTATTTGAGAAGCATTTGCCTCAAAACGTGAAGTTCTATCTATTGA
ACTCTCTAATACCAATGTAGAATGACTCCATGGCTGCCCTCCTCCATATCACACCTATGAAGAACCAGCT
TTCGTTCAAGTTCAACAGCCTGCTTATTAACAAGAAAGGAAGGAATTGAACCCCCATAAGTTGGTTTCAA
GCCAACCACATCACCACTCTGTCACTTTCTTGAGACTCTAGTAAATCAATTACATCACCTTGTCGAGGTG
AAATTGTGGGTTAAACTCCCACGAATCTTAAATTAATGGCACACCCAGCACAATTAGGATTCCAAGACGC
AGCCTCCCCTATTATAGAAGAACTTCTCCATTTCCACGACCACACATTAATAATTGTGTTTCTTATTAGC
ACATTAGTTCTTTATATTATTGTAGCAATAGTAACTACTAAACTAACTAATAAATATATCTTAGACTCAC
AAGAAATTGAAATTGTATGAACCATCTTGCCCGCTATCATCCTTATTATAATTGCACTACCCTCGCTACG
GATCTTATACCTAATAGACGAAATTAATGATCCACACATTACAATTAAAGCGTTAGGCCATCAATGATAT
TGAAGCTACGAATATACAGACTATGAAAATTTAGAATTTGACTCCTACATAATCCAAACTGAGGACTTGT
ATCCAGGACAATTTCGACTTCTAGAGACAGACCACCGCATGGTTGTTCCAATAGAGTCCCCTATTCGAGT
TTTAGTAACCGCAGAAGATGTCTTACACTCCTGAACAATCCCAGCACTTGGAGTAAAAATAGATGCAGTA
CCAGGACGCCTCAATCAAACCGCCTTTATCATTTCTCGGCCTGGTGTCTATTACGGACAGTGTTCAGAAA
TCTGTGGTGCCAACCACAGCTTTATACCCATCGTAGTTGAAGCAGTACCCTTAGAACACTTTGAAAATTG
ATCTTCATTAATGCTAGAAGAAGTCTCATTAAGAAGCTAACAGGGTCCAGCATTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAAA
TATTGGTGATTCCCAACCACCCTTGATGATATGCCTCAACTCAACCTCAATCCCTGATTTCTAATCTTCC
TATTCTCCTGGTTATTCTTCTTGGTCGTCTTACCACATAAACTTACATCTTACTTACTCAATTATAGCCC
CACCCCAAAAAATACTGAAAAACAAAAACCAGAACCCTGAAACTGACCATGATCTTAAACTTTTTTGATC
AATTTTTGAGCCCCTCACTTATAGGCCTGCCCTTAATTGCCCTAGCAATTATTATACCAGCAGTAATCTT
CCAAACTCCCTCAAACCGATGACTTAACAACCGCCTCATCACCCTACAAACATGATTTATTAACCGATTT
ACGCAGCAACTCCTACAACCTCTTAATGTGGGAGGACACAAATGAGCCATTATTCTCACAGCACTTATAC
TTTTCTTAATTACTATTAACCTACTAGGCCTTCTCCCTTACACATTTACACCAACAACCCAACTCTCATT
AAATATAGCTTTTGCCCTTCCCTTGTGATTAACCACAGTCTTAATTGGTATATTGAATCAACCCACCATT
GCCCTAGGTCATCTCCTCCCAGAAGGCACCCCCACCCCTTTAATTCCAGTTCTCATTATTATCGAAACTA
TTAGCCTATTCATTCGACCCTTAGCCTTAGGAGTTCGACTCACAGCTAACCTCACAGCAGGCCATTTATT
AATACAATTAATTGCAACAGCAGCCTTTGTATTAATCTCCACTATACCTGCAGTAGCAATCCTAACTTCT
ATCGTATTATTTCTACTTACTCTATTAGAAGTGGCCGTAGCCATGATTCAAGCCTATGTATTTGTACTAT
TATTAAGCCTGTATCTACAAGAAAACGTTTAATAATGGCCCACCAAGCACACGCATATCACATAGTTGAC
CCAAGCCCATGACCGTTAACAGGAGCTATTGCTGCTCTCCTTATAACCTCAGGCCTAGCCATTTGATTTC
ATTTTCACACCATGTCCCTTCTCCTCCTAGGACTCATCCTTCTTGCTCTCACAGTTATTCAATGGTGACG
AGATGTCATCCGAGAAGGAACATTTCAAGGACACCACACCCCCCCAGTACAAAAAGGCCTACGCTACGGC
ATGATTCTCTTTATTATATCAGAAGTATTCTTCTTCCTTGGATTTTTCTGAGCATTTTATCACGCCAGCC
TAGCCCCAACCCCTGAATTAGGGGGCTGCTGACCTCCCACAGGAATTACTCCCTTAGACCCATTTGAAGT
CCCATTACTTAATACTGCTGTTCTATTAGCCTCCGGAGTCACTGTCACTTGAGCACACCATAGCATCATG
GAAGGGGATCGAAAAGAAGCTATTCAAGCTCTTACACTTACAGTTCTCTTAGGTTTTTACTTTACAGCTC
TTCAAGCCATAGAATATTACGAAGCCCCATTCACCATTGCCGACGGGGTCTACGGAACAACCTTCTTCGT
AGCAACCGGCTTCCATGGACTCCATGTTATTATTGGCTCAACATTTCTTTTAATCTGTTTACTACGCCAA
ATCCTCTTCCATTTTACATCAGAACACCACTTTGGCTTTGAAGCCGCTGCATGATACTGACACTTTGTCG
ACGTAGTATGATTATTCCTTTATGTATCAATTTATTGATGAGGCTCATAATACTTTTCTAGTATAAACTA
GTACAAATGACTTCCAATCATTCACTCTTGGTTAGACTCCAAGGAGAAGTAATGAACCTCATTACATTAT
CTATCGCCATTCCCGCCCTCGTTTCCCTAATCCTAGCTTTCATCGCATTCTGACTGCCGACTCTTAACCC
AGATAGTGAAAAACTGTCACCTTACGAGTGTGGATTTGATCCCCTAGGATCTGCACGCCTCCCATTCTCC
CTACGATTCTTCCTAGTGGCAATTCTCTTCTTACTATTTGATTTGGAAATTGCCTTACTCCTTCCATTGC
CCTGAGGGGATCAATTAGGCTCTCCACTCACCACCACCCTCTGAGCTTCCATTATTATTATCCTACTCAC
ACTAGGCCTTGTCTATGAATGACTTCAAGGAGGCCTTGAATGAGCAGAATAGGTGCTTAGTCCAAAAAAA
GACCATTAATTTCGACTTAATAAATTATGGTGAAAATCCATAAGTGCCTTATGACTCCTATTTACTTCAC
AATTACATCAGCATTTATTCTTGGCCTTACAGGACTAGCTTTCAATCGCTCCCATCTACTATCAGCCCTT
ATTTGTCTTGAAGGGATAATACTCTCCCTCTTCATTGCAATCGCTATCTGATCTATAGTAATAAACTCCC
CCTCTTTATCCTTGGCACCTATAATTTTACTAACATTCTCAGCCTGCGAAGCAAGTTCTGGACTAGCCCT
TCTTGTAGCCGCCACCCGCACCCACGGAACTGATCACCTTAACAACCTCAACCTCCTACAATGTTAAAAA
TCCTTATTCCCACCCTCCTATTATTCCCAATCTCATGACTCGCACCCAAAAAATGAATATGGACTTCAAC
TATCTCTAATAGCCTTTTAATTGCCTCATTAAGTCTCACCTGATTTAAATGAGACTTTGAGATGGGCTGA
AATTACTCTAACCTTTTTCTTGGTGTTGATCCTCTTTCTGCCCCTCTACTTGCACTTACATGCTGACTCC
TACCACTTATACTCTTAGCTAGCCTTAAACACTTAACCGCTGAGCCCCATAAACGACAACAGATTTATAT
CTCTTTACTAATCACCCTCCAAACACTACTAATTTTAGCATTTAGTGCAACAGAGATAATTCTATTTTAT
ATTATATTTGAAGCTACACTCATCCCAACTCTTATTATTATCACACGATGAGGAAATCAAACTGAGCGTC
TTAATGCCGGCATTTACTTTTTATTCTACACCCTTGCAGGCTCCTTACCCCTCTTAATTGCCCTACTTGT
CTTACAAAAGGATCTCGGCACCCTATCTATACTTATTTTACAGTACCCAAACATTTCCAACCTACACTCC
TGAGCCAATAAATTTTGATGGGCTGCCTGCCTAATTGCCTTCCTGGTGAAAATACCCCTCTACGGAGTTC
ATCTCTGATTACCTAAAGCCCACGTAGAGGCCCCAATTGCCGGCTCCATAATTCTAGCTGCAGTCCTCCT
TAAACTAGGAGGCTATGGCATAATACGGATTATTGTTATACTTAACCCCCTCACAAAAGAAATAGCATAC
CCCTTCCTAATTCTAGCAATCTGAGGAATTATTATGACTAGCTCTATCTGTCTTCGACAAACAGATCTTA
AATCCTTAATTGCCTACTCATCAGTCAGTCATATAGGCCTTGTAGCAGCAGCCATCCTGATTCAAACCCC
ATGAAGCTTCGCAGGTGCCACAGCCCTTATAATTGCCCATGGGTTAGTCTCATCAATACTTTTCTGCTTA
GCTAACACCAACTATGAACGTATTCATAGCCGAACACTCTTATTGGCCCGAGGCACCCAAATTATCCTAC
CACTTATAGGCACATCATGATTTTTAGCTAACTTAGCCAATCTCGCCTTACCCCCTAGCCCAAACCTCAT
AGGGGAATTACTCATTATCTCCTCCCTTTTTAAGTGATCAAACTGAACTATTATCCTAACAGGAATAGGA
GTTTTATTAACAGCAGCCTACTCATTATATATATTCCTAATAACACAACGGGGCCCCACACCTCAACATT
TACTCTTTCTAACCCCCTCCCACACACGAGAACACCTGCTCATATACCTTCACCTTCTCCCCACAATTCT
CATCATTACCAAACCTGAACTCATCCTAGGATGAACATTTTGTGTCTATAGTTTAATTAAAACGTTAGAT
TGTGATTCTAAAAATAAAAGTTAAAATCTTTTTACTCACCAAGAGAGGTCCGGGACAAAAAGGACTGCTA
ATTCTTTTACTCATGGTTCAACTCCATGGCTCGCTTAAGCTTTTGAAAGATAATAGATATCTATTGGTCT
TAGGAACCAAAAACTCTTGGTGCAACTCCAAGCAATAGCCATGAACTCAATTATCTTTAACTCTTCATTC
CTGTTAATTTTTATTATTCTTCTTTACCCTTTATTTTTATCTATAACCTCCCCCCAAGAATCCGTTAATC
CCAACTGAGCCTCTACTCACGTTAAAACAGCCGTTAAGCTCTCATTCTTTGTCAGCTTAATTCCCCTCTT
CTTGTTCCTTGATCAAGGTGTAGAATCTATTACAACCAATTGAAACTGAATTAACCTAGGGCCTATAAAT
ATTAACATAAGCTTTAAATTTGACCTCTACTCTATTATCTTCACACCCGTAGCCCTCTACGTTACATGGT
CCATCCTAGAATTTGCACTCTGATATATGCATACAGACCCAAACTTTAACCGTTTCTTTAAATACCTTCT
TCTTTTTCTTATGACAATGATAATCCTTATCACCGCTAATAATTTGTTTCAATTATTTATCGGTTGGGAG
GGAGTCGGTATCATATCATTTCTCCTCATCGGTTGATGGTATAGCCGAGCAGACGCTAATACAGCAGCTC
TCCAAGCAGTAATTTATAACCGCATCGGAGATATCGGATTAATTCTAAGTATGGCCTGACTAGCTATAAA
TCTCAACTCATGAGAAACTCAACAATTATTTATTCTATCTAAAAACACTGATCTAACTTTACCTCTAATA
GGCCTAGTACTAGCTGCTGCCGGAAAATCAGCACAATTCGGCCTCCATCCCTGGCTGCCATCAGCCATGG
AGGGGCCTACGCCAGTCTCCGCCCTACTCCACTCAAGCACAATAGTCGTAGCCGGTGTATTTCTTCTAAT
CCGGCTTCATCCCTTAATTCAAGATAATCAGCTAATCTTATCAGCTTGCCTATGCTTAGGTGCATTAACG
ACTCTATTTACAGCTACCTGTGCCCTCACCCAAAACGATATCAAGAAGATCGTAGCCTTCTCCACATCCA
GCCAATTAGGCCTCATAATAGTGACCATTGGCCTAAATCAACCTCAGTTAGCCTTCCTTCATATCTGCAC
ACACGCCTTCTTCAAAGCTATACTCTTTCTTTGTTCTGGCTCCATCATTCATAGCCTAGATAACGAACAA
GATATTCGAAAAATAGGAGGGCTCCACAAACTTCTACCATTTACTGCTTCCTCCCTTACAGTTGGAAGCT
TGGCCCTAACAGGTATACCTTTCCTATCCGGTTTCTTTTCAAAAGATGCCATCATCGAAGCCATGAACAC
ATCTAACCTAAACGCCTGAGCCCTGACAATAACCTTGTTAGCTACTTCCTTCACTGCTATTTATAGCCTC
CGACTTATCTTCTTCACATTAATAAATACACCACGATTTACCCCACTGACACCTATCAATGAAAACAATC
CCTTAGTGTTAAAACCTATTAAACGCCTAGCTTATGGAAGTATCTTAGCCGGTCTCATTATTACCTTCAA
CATAACACCAACCAAAACACAAATTTTAACAATACCACTCACCCTCAAACTCTCCGCCCTCCTAGTAACA
ATTATGGGCCTACTTTTAGCCCTAGAATTAACTAACCTCACCAAACACCAATTTAAAATCTACCCAACCA
TATCAACCCATAATTTCTCTAATATATTAGGCTACTTCCCACCAATTTTCCACCGTATTTACCCACAAAT
CAACCTTCACTGAGCTCAAACTATCTCAACCCACCTGATTGACCTAACATGAAATGAAAAAATAGGACCA
AAAAATAAACTTATCCAACAAACATCCATAATTAAATTATTTACACTACCCCAGCAAGGCTTCATTAAAA
TTTATCTTATAATCTTTTTCCTCACTCTTACCCTAGCTACACTAATCATAATTTAGACTACACGCAATGT
CCCTCAAGAGATACCACGAGTTAACTCTAGTACAACAAACAATGCCAAAAGCAGTATTCAACCACTTAGT
ATTAGTAAATAACCACCATAAGAGTATAGTAAAGCTACACCACTAAAATCCCCACGAATCACCTCTAGAC
CATTAATTTCATCCCCCCCAAACCACCCTCACCCTCAACCCCCAACAAAATGTTTATTAACGTATATTAA
ACCCCCAACATAAAATAAAACATAAATTAATACCGATCAATCCCCTCATGACTCAGGATAAGGCTCTGCA
ACAAGTGCCGCAGTATAAGCAAACACAACCAGTATCCCCCCTAAATAAATTAAAAATAAAACTAAAGATA
AAAAAGAACTTCCAGAACTTACCAACAAACCACACCCCACGCCAGCAGAAATTACTAAACCGAGAGCAGC
ATAATAAGGAGAAGGATTTGAAGCCACTGCTACCAAACCTATAATAAAACCCAACATTATAATAAACACT
AAATAAATCATAAATTCCCACTTAGATTTTAACTAAGACCAATAGTCTGAAAAACTACCGTTGTTATTCA
ACTACAAGAACCTAATGACCACAAATATTCGAAAAACCCATCCATTATTTAAGATTATTAATAGCTCACT
TATTGACCTCCCCACCCCAGTCAACATCTCAATCTGATGAAATTATGGCTCACTTCTAGGACTTTGCCTG
ATTATTCAGATCCTCACTGGCCTCTTCTTAGCCATGCACTACACCCCAGATATCGCCTCCGCTTTCTCCT
CAGTTGTTCACATCTGCCGAGATGTGAATTATGGATGACTTATCCGCAATATTCACGCCAATGGAGCCTC
ACTCTTTTTTATCTGTATTTACATTCATATAGCTCGTGGATTCTACTACGGATCTTACCTCAACAAAGAA
ACATGAAATATTGGGGTAATCCTTTTATTTTTATTAATAGCAACAGCCTTTGTAGGCTATGTCTTGCCAT
GGGGTCAAATATCATTTTGAGGCGCAACAGTCATTACAAACCTCCTATCCGCTTTCCCCTATATTGGCAA
CATTTTAGTAGAGTGGATTTGAGGGGGCTTCTCAGTCGATAACGCCACCCTAACCCGATTCTTTGCCTTC
CATTTCTTATTTCCTTTCCTAATTGTTGCACTTACCCTACTCCACCTCCTCTTCCTTCACGAGATAGGCT
CTAATAACCCCACTGGACTCAACTCTAACACAGATAAAATCCCATTTCACCCTTACTTCTCTTACAAAGA
CCTTTTAGGCTTCTTCATCCTAGGCCTCCTCCTAACCCTACTTGCTCTTTTCACACCCAACCTACTAGGG
GACACAGAAAATTTCATCCCAGCCGATCCCCTACTCACACCACCTCACATCAAGCCAGAATGATACTTCC
TGTTTGCCTACGCGATCCTGCGCTCTATCCCGAACAAACTAGGGGGGGTCCTTGCTCTCTTATTTTCAAT
CCTCATCCTCATGCTGGTGCCCATACTACACACATCCAAGCAACGAAGCGCCACATTCCGACCAATCACC
CAAATCTTATTTTGAACACTACTCACAAACACTATCATTCTAACATGGATTGGGGGCCAACCAGTAGAAC
AACCATTCATCATTATCGGTCAAATTGCCTCCGTTATTTACTTCCTCTTATTCCTCATCCTTCTTCCCCT
TGCCGGCTGATGAGAAAATAAAATTTTAAATCTTTAATATGTTATGGTAGCCTAAAAATTAAGGCGTTGG
TCTTGTAAACCAAAAATTGGAGGTGGGATGCCTCCCCAAAACAGGCCTCCCCAAAACAGGCCTCCCCAAA
ACAGGCCTCCCCAAAACAGGCCTCCCCAAACAGGCTGTATTCAGGAAAGAGAGGGTTGAACTCCCATCCT
TGGCTCCCAAAGCCAAGATTCTGCTTAAACTACCTCCTGAGACACACCAGTATTTTCTGGTCGTCAATTT
TGCGGCCCTTACTTAGTCAGATATACATATATATTATTGGGCTCATATATATGTAATATGTACATATTAT
AGTACTATGTATAATACTCATTCATCGACTGTAAGCTATTTCATGACATACCATGTATAATACTCATTAG
TAAATGTCCAACTATTACATTATATATAATTATTAACCCACATTTTTCTAATATCCAAATAATCATAACT
AATTTATCCACTCAGTTACCTCATTTTTCTCTCAACCGTTAGACTAAAGCACACATTTTTAAATAAGCAA
TATATTAATTACAGTTGATTATTAGGGCTGGCGAGAACCAACCAATACCCTAATATAGCCACCTTTGCAC
GGTTTGTGGTACTGAATTGGATTAATCCCCAGAACTTGCTCAAATGCTCACATTAGGCACCCTTGAACGG
CATACGTCTCTTAATCGCGTCATTTTGCCTTTCCTCTAGTTCCCTTGGTTGGCATTCAACTATTCATCGT
CTCAAGATTTCCAGCCCTCCCAGTTTTTTTTGGGGATGAAACAAAGATTAACCCTCCAGACGTCTCTGTC
GGGTTGCGGCCGGAACATCAAGTTAAGTTGGTCCTATACTCAACATAATATTATAAAACTTCGCTACTTA
TATCATTCGCTGGGCTTCTACTTGTCAAAATAAGGCAGTACTCACATGGCTAAGACCAATAATTGAAATT
TAACTTCCATCCATATATACGAATAATTGGACAAAGGTTTAATAAAGACATTCTATTAAACCGCATATTA
CTAAGAAAATTAATATTTAATTAATGGGAAAAACTAAGATTTTTTAACCACAAACATCTATATATAGGCA
TAGATATATTATATAGGTGCCCCCGGGTCGGGAAGAAAAAAAAAAGGCCGATACATTTTTTTGGGAAAAA
CCCCCCTCCCCCTTAATATACCTAGCTATCTCGAAAAACCCCTAAAACGAGGGCTAAGTGTATATCGTCT
CTGTAATGACATGTGTGTAGTTTCGTCATATATATAGTGTGACACTATCACAT


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.