Viewing data for Alosa sapidissima


Scientific name Alosa sapidissima
Common name American shad
Maximum lifespan 13.00 years (Alosa sapidissima@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16697 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7818 8879 4821 2997 4147 4732
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 468 532 289 179 248 283
Base content (%) 46.8% 53.2%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11403 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5382 6021 3481 1901 2941 3080
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 472 528 305 167 258 270
Base content (%) 47.2% 52.8%
D-loop (size: 1041 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 374 667 217 157 314 353
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 359 641 208 151 302 339
Base content (%) 35.9% 64.1%
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1554 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 744 810 406 338 366 444
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 479 521 261 218 236 286
Base content (%) 47.9% 52.1%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2636 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1284 1352 700 584 512 840
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 487 513 266 222 194 319
Base content (%) 48.7% 51.3%
12S rRNA gene (size: 952 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 481 471 266 215 191 280
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 505 495 279 226 201 294
Base content (%) 50.5% 49.5%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 803 881 434 369 321 560
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 477 523 258 219 191 333
Base content (%) 47.7% 52.3%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 316 368 219 97 190 178
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 462 538 320 142 278 260
Base content (%) 46.2% 53.8%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 68 100 47 21 47 53
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 405 595 280 125 280 315
Base content (%) 40.5% 59.5%
COX1 (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 733 818 418 315 434 384
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 473 527 270 203 280 248
Base content (%) 47.3% 52.7%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 316 375 194 122 175 200
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 457 543 281 177 253 289
Base content (%) 45.7% 54.3%
COX3 (size: 785 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 389 396 242 147 201 195
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 496 504 308 187 256 248
Base content (%) 49.6% 50.4%
CYTB (size: 1141 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 525 616 331 194 314 302
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 460 540 290 170 275 265
Base content (%) 46.0% 54.0%
ND1 (size: 975 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 472 503 304 168 264 239
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 484 516 312 172 271 245
Base content (%) 48.4% 51.6%
ND2 (size: 1045 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 529 516 382 147 235 281
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 506 494 366 141 225 269
Base content (%) 50.6% 49.4%
ND3 (size: 349 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 169 180 108 61 98 82
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 484 516 309 175 281 235
Base content (%) 48.4% 51.6%
ND4 (size: 1381 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 642 739 406 236 368 371
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 465 535 294 171 266 269
Base content (%) 46.5% 53.5%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 147 150 94 53 81 69
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 495 505 316 178 273 232
Base content (%) 49.5% 50.5%
ND5 (size: 1836 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 839 997 571 268 465 532
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 457 543 311 146 253 290
Base content (%) 45.7% 54.3%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 241 281 167 74 76 205
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 462 538 320 142 146 393
Base content (%) 46.2% 53.8%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 21 (9.25%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 23 (10.13%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 49 (21.59%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 21 (9.25%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 12 (5.29%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
13 8 2 10 13 14 4 8 8 1 1 7 5 1 6 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 0 0 2 10 7 2 1 5 3 2 4 7 6 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 14 1 4 0 0 0 0 4 2 3 1 0 2 6 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
50 77 66 35
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
26 65 32 105
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
21 77 80 50
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPAPWFAILVFSWLIFLTVIPPKVLAHNFNNEPTTVGAEKAKPEPWNWPWY*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 9 (16.36%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
3 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 3 1 0 2 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 4 3 2 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 4 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
13 15 15 13
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
6 18 15 17
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
2 14 23 17
COX1 (size: 1551 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 45 (8.72%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 48 (9.3%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 31 (6.01%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 35 (6.78%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 42 (8.14%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 63 (12.21%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 37 (7.17%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 25 (4.84%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (5.43%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 40 (7.75%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 19 (3.68%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 16 (3.1%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (1.94%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 14 (2.71%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 19 (3.68%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.74%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (1.74%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
23 14 5 17 11 19 9 6 7 1 7 7 21 7 16 24
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
20 0 1 5 23 17 3 5 7 13 20 6 7 12 3 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 14 4 3 9 13 1 1 4 8 11 1 1 8 6 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
16 6 4 6 10 8 1 1 1 5 2 0 0 1 0 16
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
161 120 125 111
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
77 137 96 207
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
77 161 163 116
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 18 (7.86%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 12 (5.24%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 23 (10.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 27 (11.79%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.8%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (5.24%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 5 4 8 2 13 3 0 6 1 8 3 9 3 4 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 1 1 1 5 6 2 2 2 4 1 3 5 8 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 5 1 2 8 4 0 1 3 3 7 0 1 2 4 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 12 2 1 11 4 0 1 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
72 67 53 38
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
29 56 62 83
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
21 71 85 53
COX3 (size: 785 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 23 (8.85%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 21 (8.08%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 24 (9.23%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (7.69%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 35 (13.46%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 10 (3.85%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 6 (2.31%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 25 (9.62%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (3.85%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 16 (6.15%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.31%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
5 5 4 7 5 15 7 1 7 1 5 4 7 4 8 17
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 1 1 1 13 7 0 1 6 9 7 2 4 6 1 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 10 1 2 2 6 0 0 3 1 9 0 0 1 1 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
14 8 0 0 5 1 1 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
77 77 47 60
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
46 68 51 96
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
24 97 96 44
CYTB (size: 1141 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 28 (7.39%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 37 (9.76%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 24 (6.33%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 19 (5.01%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 28 (7.39%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 57 (15.04%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 27 (7.12%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (2.9%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 29 (7.65%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 15 (3.96%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 13 (3.43%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (2.9%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 7 (1.85%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 16 (4.22%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 4 (1.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 13 (3.43%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
16 11 6 9 7 22 4 14 3 1 5 9 14 0 4 25
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 1 2 5 17 13 2 3 6 13 6 2 9 10 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 9 1 6 4 10 1 1 2 2 13 1 1 2 14 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
12 3 4 3 8 8 1 2 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
111 88 85 96
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
55 98 75 152
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
28 145 142 65
ND1 (size: 975 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 20 (6.17%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 34 (10.49%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 23 (7.1%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 20 (6.17%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.31%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 19 (5.86%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 58 (17.9%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 22 (6.79%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (3.09%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (7.41%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 24 (7.41%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (2.78%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 5 (1.54%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 11 6 13 10 22 8 3 6 0 2 5 7 5 11 13
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 1 1 19 14 0 2 2 6 10 7 8 6 3 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 8 0 3 9 7 0 0 4 1 10 1 2 5 4 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 8 3 2 2 7 0 0 0 6 2 0 0 0 1 7
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
88 96 72 69
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
41 97 54 133
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
39 111 113 62
ND2 (size: 1045 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (4.9%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 45 (12.97%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 27 (7.78%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 51 (14.7%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.58%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 64 (18.44%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 22 (6.34%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 15 (4.32%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 19 (5.48%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 14 (4.03%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 11 9 9 18 22 6 6 13 1 3 3 5 0 3 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 0 2 3 29 12 1 1 4 9 3 6 10 2 1 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
25 15 5 4 12 3 2 1 5 3 7 0 3 1 7 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 4 0 0 1 7 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
78 100 110 60
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
40 136 52 120
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
29 146 119 54
ND3 (size: 1045 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (4.9%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 45 (12.97%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 27 (7.78%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 51 (14.7%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.58%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 64 (18.44%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 22 (6.34%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 15 (4.32%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 19 (5.48%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 14 (4.03%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 11 9 9 18 22 6 6 13 1 3 3 5 0 3 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 0 2 3 29 12 1 1 4 9 3 6 10 2 1 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
25 15 5 4 12 3 2 1 5 3 7 0 3 1 7 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 4 0 0 1 7 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
78 100 110 60
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
40 136 52 120
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
29 146 119 54
ND4 (size: 1381 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 29 (6.32%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 39 (8.5%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 27 (5.88%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 42 (9.15%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 5 (1.09%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 21 (4.58%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 85 (18.52%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 37 (8.06%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 26 (5.66%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 27 (5.88%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 17 (3.7%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 15 (3.27%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 20 (4.36%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 13 (2.83%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
22 15 13 17 18 22 9 13 8 3 5 7 5 4 5 12
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
13 4 1 1 19 16 3 2 11 11 5 6 10 10 1 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
14 20 2 3 9 7 0 2 6 6 9 7 6 4 9 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 7 4 0 4 9 1 0 3 7 1 0 0 0 0 13
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
104 125 136 95
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
73 127 74 186
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
59 154 161 86
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 13 (13.27%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 9 (9.18%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 23 (23.47%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 9 (9.18%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
0 1 3 4 6 7 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 2 5 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 2 1 3 4 5 1 1 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 4 1 3 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 3 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 0
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
24 32 22 21
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
16 27 15 41
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
13 35 32 19
ND5 (size: 1836 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 33 (5.4%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 60 (9.82%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 42 (6.87%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 63 (10.31%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 6 (0.98%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 84 (13.75%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 53 (8.67%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 30 (4.91%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 33 (5.4%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 40 (6.55%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (1.8%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (1.64%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 25 (4.09%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 19 (3.11%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 13 (2.13%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 20 (3.27%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 10 (1.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
26 27 15 17 16 32 8 10 16 3 9 6 12 4 15 25
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
15 3 3 7 35 18 0 4 11 14 4 8 17 8 0 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
25 28 3 3 11 15 1 2 10 3 8 1 1 6 19 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
11 8 2 2 12 17 3 0 1 9 0 0 0 1 0 13
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
148 148 203 113
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
75 186 113 238
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
45 237 216 114
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 22 (12.72%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 19 (10.98%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 14 (8.09%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 24 (13.87%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 29 (16.76%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 14 (8.09%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 0 0 2 2 0 0 16 0 0 11 2 5 6 11 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
10 3 1 7 3 4 5 5 2 1 14 2 0 0 3 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
1 0 0 4 1 3 1 3 2 5 3 1 9 1 0 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 1 3 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 3
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
72 15 22 65
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
39 37 20 78
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
56 22 34 62
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11425 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 249 (6.54%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 364 (9.57%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 243 (6.39%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 310 (8.15%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 30 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 246 (6.47%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 606 (15.93%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 260 (6.83%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 164 (4.31%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 221 (5.81%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 235 (6.18%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 117 (3.07%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 119 (3.13%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 75 (1.97%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 94 (2.47%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 113 (2.97%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 93 (2.44%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 103 (2.71%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 75 (1.97%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 82 (2.16%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
145 115 69 117 112 204 65 83 80 13 57 59 94 36 92 143
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
95 15 15 39 183 123 19 28 60 87 74 52 85 71 13 49
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
112 130 19 38 70 71 6 13 45 36 81 16 25 34 79 18
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
85 66 28 17 58 67 8 9 11 51 11 0 0 5 2 103
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
1028 997 980 801
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
538 1080 677 1511
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
430 1313 1304 759

>NC_014690.1 Alosa sapidissima mitochondrion, complete genome
GATAGTGTAGCTTAGAGTAAAGCATAACATTGAAGATGTTAGTACGGGTCGTAGAAAGCCCCACGGTCAC
AAAAGTTTGGTCCTGACTTTATTATCAGCTCTAACCCAATTTACACATGCAAGCCTCCGCACCCCTGTGA
GGATGCCCTCAATCCCCCGTCCGGGGACGAGGAGCCGGTATCAGGCACACTTTTTAGCCCAAGACGCCTT
GCTTAGCCACACCCCCAAGGGAATTCAGCAGTGATAGACATTAAGCCATAAGTGAAAACTTGACTTAGTC
AGGGTTAAGAGGGCCGGTAAAACTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATACGAGAGGCCCTAGTTGATTCACTC
GGCGTAAAGAGTGGTTATGGAGAATAAAATACTAAAGCCGAAGGCCCCTTAGGCCGTCATACGCACCTAG
AGGCTCGAATTATAGACACGAAAGTAGCTTTACCCCTTCCCACCAGAACCCACGACAGCTGGGACACAAA
CTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCCCCGCCGTAAACTTAGATATTCCAGTACAACAAATATCCGCCAGGG
GACTACGAGCGCCAGCTTAAAACCCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCTTCAGACCCCCCTAGAGGAGCCTGTTCT
AGAACCGATAACCCCCGTTCAACCTCACTACTCCTTGCTTTTCCCGCCTATATACCACCGTCGCCAGCTT
ACCCTGTGAAGGTACTACAGTAAGCAGAATGAATAATACTCAAAACGTCAGGTCGAGGTGTAGCGTACGA
AGTAGGAAGAAATGGGCTACATTATCTGATCCAGATTATTCACGGAAGATTGTCTGAAACGACAATCCGA
AGGTGGATTTAGCAGTAAAGGGGGAATAGAGTGCCCCCTTGAAGCCGGCTCTGAAGCGCGCACACACCGC
CCGTCACTCTCCCCAACAACCACCCACACCAAGGTAAATAACACAACACCCGTCACAAGGGGAGGCAAGT
CGTAACATGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTGGAATAATCCGGGTGTGGCTGAGACAGTTAAGCGACT
CCCTTACACCGAGAATACATTCATGCAAGTTGGATCGCCCGGAACTAAACAGCTAGCTCAAACTATAAAA
ACCAAGTTAATGATATAAATAGTTCTACAAAAAGCTAAAAGCACAAACTAAACCATTCGACCACCCCAGT
ACGGGCGACAGAAAAGGAAATAAAGACGCTATAGACAAAGTACCGCAAGGGAAAGCTGAAAGAGAAATGA
AATAACGCACTAAAGTAAATAAAAGCAGAGACTACATCTCGTACCTTTTGCATCATGATCTAGCCAGTAA
CCTCAAGCAAAGAGACCTCTAGTTTGAACCCCCGAAACCGGACGAGCTACTCCGGGGCAGCCTATTATAG
GGCCAACCCGTCTCTGTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGAAGACCCCCGAGTAGAGGTGAAAGACCTACCGAGTCAGG
TTATAGCTGGTTGCCCAAGAAATGAATAGAAGTTCAGCCCCGCCACGCCCTTACCCACAACAGTTTTACT
TAAACAAGGCATAAAGGACACCCGCGGGAGTTAGTCAAGGGAGGTACAGCTCCCTTAACAAAGGACACAA
CCTTAAACGGGAGGCTAAGGAATATATTAAACTAAGGCCCTAGGTTTCAGTGGGCCTAAAAGCAGCCACC
TGAACAGAAAGCGTTAAAGCTCAGACCAGTCCAAGCCTATTATAACATTAAAATCTCCAAAGCCCCCAAT
ATTACTGGGCCATCCTATGCCCCCATAGGAGGGACCATGCTAGAACGAGTAATAAGAAGAAAGACCTTCT
CCCAGCACATGTGTAAGTCGAATCGGACACCCCATCGACAATTAACGAACCCAACAAAAGAGGGTAGTAC
ACCACCGCCACCCCAGGCCAAGAAAACCATGTAATAGAACATCGTTACCCCCACACAGGAGTGCTTAAAT
CAAGGGAAAGACTTAAAGGATAAAAAGGAACTCGGCAAACCAAAACCCCGCCTGTTTACCAAAAACATCG
CCTCCTGCCACCACTAATTATAGGAGGTCCCGCCTGCCCTGTGACCAAAAGTTTAACGGCCGCGGTATTT
TAACCGTGCAAAGGTAGCGCAATCAATTGTCTTTTAAATGGAGACCTGTATGAATGGCATAACGAGGGTT
TAACTGTCTCTTTTTCCCGGTCAATGAAACTGATCTACCCGTGCAGAAGCGGGTATTTACACACAAGACG
AGAAGACCCTATGGAGCTTTAGACGCCAACCAACCACGAAAAGCGGCCGCTGACTGGACCCTTAAACAAC
GTGATTATGGCATAAGCGTCTTCGGTTGGGGCGACCACGGGAGATAACAAAGCTCCCGAGTGGATAGGGG
GACACCCTAAAACCCAGAGCCACAGCTCTAAGTCACAAAACATTTGACCAATAATGATCCGGCTTTATGC
CGACCAACGAACCAAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCCCTCCCAGAGTCCATATCGACGAGGGGG
TTTACGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACG
ATTAAAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGTAATCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTGTGAAACCACCCT
TCCTAGTACGAAAGGACCGGAGTGATGAGGCCCCTGCTTTAAGCACGCCTCCCCCCAACCTGCTGAATAC
AACTGAAGTAGGTAAAGGGGGGTAATCCCCGGCCCAAGAGAAGGGCGCGCTAGGGTGGCAGAGCCCGGTA
AATGCAGGAAGCCTAAGACTTCCCTCCCCAGAGGTTCAAATCCTCTCCTTAGCTATGCTTCACATTATCA
TAGCCCACATCATCAACCCCCTTGCCTACATCGTACCGGTCCTACTCGCCGTAGCTTTTCTGACCCTAAT
TGAACGAAAAGTCTTGGGCTACATGCAACTACGAAAAGGACCAAATGTGGTAGGCCCTTACGGACTACTT
CAACCAATCGCAGACGGAGTTAAACTCTTTATTAAAGAACCTGTCCGACCGTCCACATCCTCCCCATTCT
TATTCCTGGCCACCCCTACCTTGGCCCTCACACTGGCACTCACACTATGAGCACCTCTGCCCCTACCCTT
CCCTGTCACTGATCTTAATCTCAGCATACTATTTATTTTAGCACTGTCCAGCCTAGCCGTGTACTCAATC
CTAGGGTCTGGGTGAGCATCTAATTCAAAATACGCCCTAATTGGGGCCCTACGGGCCGTCGCCCAAACCA
TTTCCTACGAAGTGGCCCTGGGGCTCATTCTTCTATGCACAATCGTATTTACAGGGGGTTTTACCCTGTC
AATATTTAGCATCACACAAGAAGGAATTTGACTACTAGCCCCGGCATGACCTCTTGCAGCAATGTGGTAC
ATCTCCACACTAGCAGAAACCAATCGAGCACCATTTGATCTAACTGAGGGGGAGTCAGAACTTGTATCCG
GGTTCAACGTAGAATACGCCGGAGGACCCTTCGCCCTTTTCTTCCTGGCCGAATACGCCAACATTCTCTT
CATAAATACCCTATCAGCAGTACTCTTTATGGGGGCCTCACACTTCCCCTCATTTCCCGAGTTTACCACC
ATTAGCATCATATTTAAAGCAGCCCTTCTTTCTGGGCTATTCTTATGAGTTCGGGCCTCCTACCCACGAT
TCCGATATGACCAACTAATACACCTAGTGTGAAAAAACTTCCTTCCCCTTACACTAGCACTAATTCTCTG
ACATATCTCCCTTCCAGTGGGGACTGCAGGTCTCCCTCCCCAATTCTAGGTAAACCTGGAGCTGTGCCTG
AACGTCTAAGGGGTACTTTGATAGAGTGAACCACGGGGGTTAAACTCCCCCCAGCTCCTTAGAAAAAAGG
GATTCGAACCCGTCCTCCAGAGATCAAAACTCTGGGTGCTTCCACTACACCACTTTCTAGTAAGGTCAGC
TAAATAAGCTCTCGGGCCCATACCCCGAGTATGTCGGTTAAAATCCTTCCCCTATTAATGAACCCTTACG
TACTCACAATCCTGCTCTCTAGCCTCGGCCTAGGAACTACAATAACCTTTGCAAGCTCCCACTGACTGCT
AGCATGAATGGGCTTGGAAATTAACACCCTTGCCATCGTCCCCATAATAGCCTACCAACACCACCCCCGT
GCCGTAGAAGCCACGACCAAATACTTCCTCACACAAGCCACGGCAGCAGCTATGCTTCTATTTGCTAGCA
CCACCAACGCATGAATCACCGGACAATGAGAAATCACCCAACTCTCCCACCCCGTCGCCTCTTCCATCGC
CATTACAGCTTTAGCACTAAAAATTGGCCTAGCCCCCATGCACGCCTGCCGTTCGACGATTCTCCAAGGA
ATCACGCTAACCACAGGACTAGTATTATCCACTTGACAAAAGCTAGCCCCATTTGCACTAATCCTCCAAG
TTGCGGACAACGCCCACCCTTACTTACTTACAACATTAGCAATCTCTTCCACACTAGTCGGAGGGTGAGG
GGGACTTAACCAAACCCAACTACGCAAAATCCTAGCATATTCCTCAATCGCACATCTAGGGTGAATAATT
CTAGTAGCCCAAATGGCCCCCCAAATAACACTGATAGCCCTAATTACCTATATTGCCATAACAACAGCCG
CCTTCCTCACCCTAAACAATGTTGGCTCGACCAAAACTATTACCCTAACCTCCGCCTGAACTAAAGCCCC
TACCCTGACCGCACTGGCCTGCCTCATTCTTCTCTCCCTAGGAGGTTTACCCCCGCTAACAGGATTCATG
CCTAAATGACTAATTCTCCAGGAAGTTACCAGCCAAGGATTCCCCCTCACGGCCACCGTAATAGCCCTCA
CAGCCCTATTGAGTCTTTACTTCTACCTTCGACTAAGCTACGCCATAACCCTTACCCTCTCCCCCTATAC
CACTAACTCCACAGCCCCCTGACGAACCACAACTAAACAACCTTCCCTCCCCTTGTCCGCAGCCATCATT
TCATCAACCTCTCTCCTCCCTCTCACCCCAACCGCCCTGGCCCTTTTAGCCTAGGGGCTTAGGATAGCAT
TAAGACCATGAGCCTTCAAAGCTCCAAGCAGGAGTGAAAATCTCCTAGCCCCTGATAAGACTTGCAGGGA
TTTATCCCACATCTTCTGAATGCAACCCAGACACTTTAATTAAGCTAAAGCCTTTCTAGATGGGAAGGCC
TCGATCCTACAAACTCTTAGTTAACAGCTAAGCGCCCTAACCAGCGAGCATCCATCTACTTTCCCCGCCG
TCCAGGAGAGAGGCGGGGAAAGCCCCGGCAGGCGGTAGCCCGCGTCTTCAGGTTTGCAACCTGACATGAA
CTTCACCACAGGGCTTGTGGTAAGAAGAGGAGTTAAACCTCTGTCCTCGGAGCTACAATCCGCCGCCTAA
ACCTTCGGCCATCCTACCTGTGGCAATTACACGTTGATTTTTCTCAACTAATCATAAAGATATTGGTACC
CTTTACCTAGTATTTGGTGCCTGAGCAGGGATAGTAGGCACTGCCTTAAGTCTCTTAATCCGAGCCGAAC
TGAGCCAACCCGGGGCGCTTCTCGGAGATGATCAGATCTATAACGTCATCGTTACGGCGCACGCCTTCGT
AATAATCTTCTTCATAGTAATGCCAATTCTAATTGGCGGCTTTGGGAATTGACTGGTCCCCCTTATGATC
GGGGCACCAGACATGGCATTCCCACGAATGAACAACATGAGCTTCTGACTACTTCCACCCTCATTCCTCC
TCCTCCTTGCCTCCTCCGGAGTTGAGGCCGGGGCAGGAACCGGGTGAACAGTCTACCCACCTTTGGCAGG
CAATCTTGCCCACGCCGGAGCATCCGTCGACCTAACTATCTTCTCTCTTCATCTAGCAGGTATTTCATCA
ATTCTTGGGGCCATTAATTTTATTACCACAATCATTAATATGAAACCCCCTGCAATTTCACAATATCAAA
CACCCCTATTTGTATGATCCGTGCTTGTAACGGCCGTTCTCCTTCTTCTCTCACTCCCTGTGCTAGCTGC
TGGGATTACAATGCTCCTAACAGACCGAAATCTAAATACAACCTTCTTTGACCCGGCAGGGGGAGGGGAC
CCAATTTTATATCAACACCTGTTCTGATTCTTCGGCCACCCGGAAGTTTATATTTTAATCCTGCCAGGAT
TTGGAATGATCTCCCACATTGTAGCCTATTATTCCGGTAAAAAGGAACCTTTCGGATACATGGGAATGGT
GTGAGCCATGATGGCCATCGGGCTTCTAGGGTTTATTGTATGAGCCCACCACATGTTTACCGTGGGGATA
GATGTCGACACACGAGCCTACTTTACATCCGCAACAATGATTATTGCCATTCCCACCGGAGTAAAAGTCT
TTAGCTGACTTGCAACTCTGCACGGGGGCTCAATCAAATGGGATACTCCCCTGCTGTGAGCTCTGGACCG
CGCGTACCTCTTCACGGTCGGGGGGCTCACAGGGATTGTACTAGCCAACTCCTCCCTAGACATTGTTCTA
CACGACACATACTACGTAGTAGCACACTTCCACTATGTTCTGTCAATGGGTGCTGTATTTGCCATCATGG
CCGCATTCATGCACTGATTCCCACTATTTTCAGGATACACCCTTCACAGCACTTGAACAAAAATCCATTT
TGGGGTTATGTTCGTAGGGGTAAATCTAACTTTCTTCCCACAACACTTCCTAGGGCTAGCCGGAATGCCA
CGACGGTACTCGGACTACCCAGATGCCTATACCCTTTGAAACACGGTGTCTTCAATTGGATCACTAATCT
CTTTAGTAGCAGTAATTATGTTCTTATTTATTCTTTGAGAAGCATTTGCCGCCAAACGGGAAGTATCATC
AGTAGAGCTTACCATAACAAACGTAGAATGACTACACGGCTGCCCACCTCCTTACCACACCTTCGAGGAG
CCGGCTTTCGTGCAAGTACAAGCAAAATAACGAGAAAGGGAGGAATCGAACCCCCGTGAGATGGTTTCAA
GCCAACTGCATGGCCACTCTGCCACTTTCTTAATAAGACACTAGTAAAACGATTACCTTGCCTTGTCGAG
GCAAAATTGTGGGTTAAACTCCCGCGTGTCTTAGCCTAGAGCTTAATGGAACATCCATCACGACTAGGAT
TGCAGAACGCGGTCTCCCCTGTCACAGCACCACCTCTACATTACACGAACCACACCCTAATGATCGTACG
CCGAAGTAGCACACTGGTTCTTTATATTATTGTGTCAATGGTTTCTACCAAACTTACTGACAAATACATT
CTGGACTCCCAAGAAATTGAAATTGTGTGAACTGTCCTACCAGCAGTAATCCTTATTCTAATTGCACTTC
CCTCCCTACGAATTCTTTACCTCATGGACGAGATTAACGACCCCCACCTAACTATCAAAGCCATAGGACA
CCAATGATACTGAAGCTATGAATACACAGATTATGAAGACCTGGGCTTTGACTCCTACATGGTTCCCACA
CAAGACCTAGTACCAGGACAATTCCGCCTACTAGAGACAGACCACCGAATGGTTGTTCCAATAGAATCCC
CCATCCGAGTTCTTGTATCAGCGGAAGACGTACTTCACTCCTGAGCCGTTCCAGCACTAGGTGTAAAAAT
AGACGCAGTACCAGGACGCCTAAATCAAACCGCCTTTATCGCCTCCCGTCCCGGCGTATTCTACGGGCAA
TGCTCTGAAATTTGTGGTGCAAATCACAGCTTTATGCCAATTGTGGTAGAAGCTGTTCCTCTAGAACACT
TTGAAAACTGATCCTCACTCATACTTGAAGACGCCTCACTAGAAAGCTAAATTGGGCCTAGCGTCAGCCT
TTTAAGCTGAAGATTGGTGACCCCCAACCACCTCTAGTGATATGCCTCAATTGAACCCCGCTCCTTGATT
TGCAATTCTTGTCTTCTCTTGACTAATTTTTCTAACAGTCATTCCCCCAAAAGTCCTAGCCCATAACTTC
AACAATGAACCTACAACTGTAGGAGCTGAAAAAGCTAAACCTGAACCCTGAAACTGACCATGATACTAAG
CTTCTTTGACCAATTCATGAGCCCCTCTTACCTGGGTATCCCCCTTATTGCAGTAGCAATCGCACTCCCA
TGAACTTTATATCCCACCCCCACAACACGATGATTAAACAATCGAGTATTAACACTTCAAGGCTGATTCA
TTAATCGATTTACACAACAACTTCTTCTACCTATTAACCCAGGGGGACACAAATGAGCAGTCCTGTTTAC
ATCTCTAATGCTCTTCCTCATTACTATCAACATGTTAGGACTCCTCCCCTACACATTTACACCAACTACA
CAGCTTTCTCTAAACATAGGCCTTGCCGTCCCTCTGTGGCTCGCCACAGTAATCATTGGCATGCGAAACC
AACCTACAGCTGCCCTAGGACACCTCCTCCCCGAGGGCACCCCAGCGTCTCTTATCCCTGTACTAATTAT
TATCGAAACGATTAGCCTATTTATCCGGCCCTTAGCCCTCGGGGTCCGACTAACTGCCAACCTAACAGCG
GGCCACCTACTCATTCAACTAATTGCCACAGCAGCCTTTGTTCTTCTCCCAATTATGCCAACCGTGGCCA
TCTTAACAGCCACAATTTTATTCCTGCTCACCCTTCTAGAAGTCGCCGTAGCAATGATTCAAGCATATGT
CTTCGTCCTACTCTTAAGCCTATACCTTCATCAAGCTGTCTAATGGCCCACCAAGCACACGCATACCACA
TGGTAGACCCAAGCCCCTGACCGCTCACCGGAGCAGTTGGCGCCCTGCTGCTAACATCCGGCACTGCAAT
TTGATTCCGCTTCCATTCAACCCTCCTTATAACTCTAGGGCTAGTACTAACGCTCCTAACCATATACCAA
TGATGACGAGACATTGTCCGAGAAGGGACCTTCCAAGGCCACCACACCCCCCCAGTTCAAAAAGGGCTGC
GTTACGGAATAATCCTGTTCATTACCTCAGAAGTATTCTTCTTTGCAGGATTTTTCTGAGCCTTCTACCA
CTCAAGCCTAGCACCAACCCCTGAACTAGGGGGCTGCTGACCCCCAACAGGAGTTACACCCCTAGACCCA
TTCGAAGTGCCACTACTGAATACAGCCGTCCTTCTAGCCTCCGGTGTAACTGTAACATGAGCCCACCATA
GCCTTATAGAAGGGGGGCGAAAGCAAGCCATCCAGTCTCTTACTCTTACAATCCTTCTAGGCTTCTACTT
TACTTTCTTACAAGCCCTAGAATACTATGAAGCCCCTTTTACAATCGCAGACGGAGTGTTCGGATCAACA
TTCTTTGTGGCCACAGGATTCCACGGCCTACACGTTATTATTGGGCTCACATTCCTGGCTGTCTGTCTTC
TACGTCAAGTGCTCCACCACTTTACTTCAAACCACCACTTTGGATTCGAAGCCGCCGCCTGATACTGACA
CTTTGTTGACGTAGTATGACTATTCCTGTACGTCTCTATCTACTGATGAGGATCATAATCTTTCTAGTAT
AAAAGACAGTACAGGTGGCTTCCAACCATCTAATCTTGGTTAAAGCCCAAGGAAAGATAATGAGTCTAAT
CATAACCATCCTAGCAATCACCTCCGTACTATCAATCATTTTAATCATTGTCTCCTTCTGACTACCGCAA
ATAAACCCTGACGCAGAGAAACTTTCACCTTATGAGTGCGGATTTGATCCCCTAGGGTCCGCCCGCCTGC
CCTTCTCCCTGCGATTCTTCCTAGTAGCCATTCTATTCTTACTATTTGACCTAGAGATCGCACTGCTACT
CCCCCTCCCCTGGGGAAATCAACTGCTCAACCCACTAGTAACCGTCTCATGGGCCACCGCCATCCTTGTT
CTCCTAACACTAGGTTTAGTCTATGAGTGAATGCAGGGGGGCCTTGAATGAGCCGAATAGGGAATTAGTC
CAACTAAAGACTGCCAATTTCGGCTCAGACAACTATGGTTAAAGTCTATAACTCCCTTATGACCCGGGTG
CACTTCAGTTTTAGCATAGCATTTATCCTAGGCCTTATAGGCCTGGCATTTCACCGAACCCACTTTCTCT
TTGCTCTGCTATGTTTAGAGGGCATGATGCTATCCCTCTTCCTTGCTCTCTCTTTATGGACCCTACAAAC
AGAAGCAACAAACTTCTCTGCAGCGCCCATATTACTCCTCGCCTTCTCTGCTTGCGAAGCCAGCACGGGT
CTTGCCCTACTAGTGGCAACAGCCCGAACCCACGGAACAGACCGACTACAAAACCTTAACCTCCTGCAAT
GTTAAAAGTGCTAATCCCAACCCTAATGCTCTTCCCAACGATTTGGTTAACGCCCAAAAAATGACTTTGG
ACATCCGCCGTGTCCTACAGCCTGATTATTGCCCTGCTAAGTCTAACTTGGCTCAACTGGACAGCAGAAA
CAGGATGGACCCTGCCAAACAACTATATAGCAATTGACCCCCTTTCTGCCCCCCTTCTAGTCCTAACATG
TTGACTCCTCCCTCTGATAATCCTCGCAAGCCAAAACCACACACAGTCCGAACCTGCCTCCCGACAACGC
ATGTACCTCAGCCTCTTGGCCTCCCTTCAAGCCTTCCTTATTATAGCATTCGGAGCCACAGAAATTATTA
TGTTTTATATTATATTCGAAGCAACCCTTGTTCCCACTCTTATTATCATCACCCGATGGGGCAACCAAGC
AGAGCGCCTAAATGCGGGCACCTACTTCTTATTTTACACTTTAGCAGGGTCCCTCCCACTATTAGTTGCA
CTACTAACCCTACAAAATTCAACAGGAAGTTTATCAATGATTACCCTAAACTTTTGTCAGCCTTTAACTT
TGATCTCCTGAGGGGACAAAATCTGATGAGCGGGCTGCTTGGTGGCATTCCTCGTAAAAATGCCCCTCTA
TGGCGTCCATCTCTGACTACCAAAGGCGCACGTAGAAGCCCCTATTGCCGGATCAATAGTCCTAGCCGCA
GTTTTACTAAAACTTGGGGGCTACGGCATGATTCGAATAACAACAGTCCTTGACCCCCTCACTAAAGAAA
TGGCCTATCCCTTCATCGTGCTTGCCCTCTGAGGCATCATCATAACAGGATCTATCTGTTTACGCCAAAC
AGACCTAAAATCACTAATCGCTTACTCCTCAGTAAGCCACATGGGGCTGGTCGCCGGAGGTATTCTTATT
CAAACCCCCTGAGGCCTGACCGGAGCAATTATTTTAATAATTGCCCACGGACTAGTATCATCAGCATTGT
TCTGTCTGGCAAACACAAGCTATGAACGAACACACAGCCGAACTATAGTCTTGGCACGAGGCATGCAAAT
ACTGTTCCCCCTAACAGCCACATGATGGTTTATTGCCAACTTAGCCAATCTTGCACTCCCCCCACTCCCT
AATCTTATGGGGGAGATCATAATCATTACAACCATATTTAACTGATCTCCTTGAACCCTAATCCTTACAG
GACTCGGCACCCTGATCACAGCCGGTTACTCCCTCTACATGTTCCTAATAACCCAGCGGGGCCCGGTACC
AGCACATATTACAGGATTAACCCCATATCACACACGAGAGCACCTTTTGATTGCCCTTCATTTAATTCCA
GTTGTTCTACTTGTCCTCAAACCAGAGTTCATGTGAGGATGATTCTACTGCAGGTATAGTTTAACGAAAA
TGTTGGATTGTGATTCCAAAGACAGGAGTTCAAACCTCCTTACCCGCCGAGAGAGGCCTGTAGCAATAGA
GACTGCTAATCTCTACCCCCGCAGTTAGAATCTGCGGCTCCCTCGGGCCTTTGAGGATAACAGTCATCCG
TTGGTCTTAGGAACCAAAACTTCTTGGTGCAAATCCAAGCAGAGGCTATGCAAACTACACTGATTTTATC
ATCATCACTTACACTAATCTTTGCCCTCCTAGCCTACCCTATTATTACAACAATTGACCCCGCACCAAAA
CCCCCCGGTTGAGCCGTATCCCACGTAAAAACCGCAGTTAGTGCCGCATTCGTGGTCAGTCTTTTACCAC
TATTTATCTTCTTAGACCAGGGGGTAGAAACAATCGTCACCACCTGACACTGAATAAATACATCCACTTT
CAACATTAGCATTAGCCTAAAATTCGATGCCTATTCAATTATCTTTACGCCAATTGCCCTTTACGTAACA
TGATCAATCCTTGAATTTGCCTCCTGATACATACACGCAGACCCATACATGAACCGATTCTTTAAATACC
TCCTCATGTTCTTAATCGCTATAATTATCCTAGTTACAGCCAACAACATATTCCAACTATTTATTGGCTG
AGAAGGAGTAGGAATTATGTCCTTCCTACTAATCGGCTGATGGTACGGCCGAGCTGACGCCAACACTGCA
GCCTTACAAGCCGTGATCTATAACCGAGTGGGAGACATCGGACTAATTATAAGCATGGCCTGATTTGCCA
TAAATCTTAACTCATGAGAGATACAACAAATCTTTGCACTTTCTCACAACATGGACATAACCCTCCCCCT
CCTAGGCCTAATCATTGCCGCAACAGGCAAGTCGGCCCAATTCGGACTTCACCCCTGACTGCCTTCCGCA
ATGGAAGGTCCCACGCCAGTCTCCGCCCTACTGCACTCAAGCACAATGGTTGTAGCAGGAATCTTCCTCC
TTATTCGACTACATCCTCTTACCCAAACCAACCCTACAGCACTAACCATCTGCTTGTGTCTAGGTGCACT
AACAACACTATTTACCGCCACATGTGCCCTCACCCAAAATGACATCAAGAAAATCGTAGCCTTCTCTACT
TCAAGCCAACTAGGACTCATAATAGTGACAATCGGACTTAATCAGCCCCAATTAGCTTTCTTCCACATTT
GCACCCATGCCTTCTTCAAAGCAATACTCTTCCTCTGCTCCGGATCAGTTATCCACAGCCTTAATGACGA
ACAAGACATCCGAAAAATGGGGGGCCTACACAACCTAGCACCTTTTACATCCACCTGTCTCACAATTGGA
AGCCTAGCTCTAACAGGAACTCCCTTTCTGGCCGGCTTCTTCTCAAAAGATGCCATCATCGAAGCCCTAA
ACACCTCCTACCTTAACGCCTGAGCCCTTGTCCTCACTCTAATTGCAACCTCTTTCACACCCGTATACAG
CTTCCGAGTTGTATTTTTTGTTACCATGGGAACCCCCCGATTTACACCCCTCTCCCCAATCAACGAAAAT
GACCCTGCAGTTATTAACCCAATTAAACGACTGGCCTGAGGCAGCATTGTAGCCGGGTTAATTCTTATTT
CAAACACCCTCCCCACAAAAACACCCATTATGACCATGCCTCCCATACTAAAACTAGCTGCTCTTATTGT
CACAATCATTGGACTTCTAACAGCCATAGAATTAGCCGCCCTCACCGCCAAACAATTCAAACCCACCCCA
ACCATTAAACTACACAACTTCTCAAACATGCTCGGCTTCTTCCCCGCAACAGTACACCGCCTGGTCCCTA
AACTAAACCTGGTTTTAGGCCAAACAATGGCCAACCAACTAGTAGACCAGTCATGATTTGAGACCGCAGG
CCCCAAAGGACTAGTTTCAGCTCAAACGAAAATGTCCGCAGCCACTAGCGACACCCAACGAGGGATCATC
AAGACATATCTAATAATCTTCATAATCACCACAGGTCTGGCCACCCTTTTAGCCTCAACCTAAACAGCCC
GTAAAGTCCCCCGGCTTAAGCCACGAGTCAACTCTAATACTACAAATAAAGTTAACAATAAAACTCAAGC
GCATAACACCATCATAACACCCCCTGAAGCATAAAGCATGGAAACCCCACCAACATCTCCCCGGACCATC
AACAACTCTTTACAACTACTTAACACCCCGGTACTAAAACCATATCATGATGAACCAAAATAGAGCAACC
CTGCAACGACTACCACAAAGTAGAACATCGCATGCTCAAAAACAGACGCGTCCCCCCAGCTTTCAGGGTG
CGGATCGGCCGCCAAAGCAGCCGAATACCCAAAAACTACTAACATCCCCCCTAAGTAAATTAAGAAAAGA
GCCAAGGCCAAAAACGGCAACCCAAACATTGCTAAAACAGCACAACCCGCCCCAGAAGACATCACTAACC
CTAATGCCGCGAAATACGGGGCAGGATTAGATGCAACGCCCACCATCCCTAAAACAAACCCAAATAATCA
GAGACACACAAAGTATACCATAATTTCTACCCGGATTCTAACCGAGACCAATGACTCGAAAAACCACCGT
TGTTATTCAACTATAGAAACCCTAATGGCAAGCCTACGAAAAACCCACCCACTCATAAAAATCGCCAACG
ACGCACTAGTCGACCTCCCAGCCCCTTCTAACATTTCAGTCTGATGAAACTTCGGCTCACTTTTAGGAAT
GTGTTTAGCGGCACAAATTTTAACAGGACTATTCCTGGCTATACACTACACTTCTGACATCGCAACGGCA
TTCTCTTCCGTCGTCCACATTTGCCGTGACGTAAACTATGGATGACTAATCCGAAGCATGCACGCAAACG
GGGCATCATTCTTCTTCATCTGCATTTACGCCCACATTGGCCGAGGACTTTACTACGGCTCATACGTCTA
CAAAGAGACATGAAACATTGGAGTAATCCTTCTCCTTCTTGTTATAATGACTGCCTTTGTAGGCTACGTT
CTCCCCTGAGGACAAATATCTTTCTGGGGGGCCACAGTAATTACCAACTTATTATCTGCCGTCCCATATG
TAGGAGGCGCACTAGTAGAATGAATCTGAGGGGGCTTCTCCGTAGATAGTGCCACTCTAACCCGATTCTT
CGCATTCCACTTCCTATTCCCCTTCGTAATTGCAGGGGCCACAATCCTCCACCTCTTATTCCTACACGAA
ACAGGATCAAATAACCCAGCTGGTCTTAACTCAGACGCTGATAAAATTTTATTCCACCCATACTTCTCCT
ACAAAGACCTTCTAGGTTTCGCAGCTTTACTACTAGCGCTAATCTCGTTAGCCCTCTTTTCACCTAACTT
GCTGGGGGACCCAGATAATTTTACACCCGCCAACCCCATGGTTACCCCACCCCACATTAAACCAGAGTGA
TACTTCCTATTTGCCTACGCCATCCTACGTTCAATCCCCAACAAACTAGGTGGAGTATTAGCCCTTCTAT
TCTCCATTTTAGTACTTATAGTAATTCCCATCCTGCACACCTCAAAGCATCGAGGACTAACATTCCGGCC
CATTACACAGTTCCTATTCTGAGCTTTAGTACTAGACGTTGTTGTCTTAACATGAATTGGAGGAATACCA
GTAGAGCACCCCTACGTCATTGCCGGACAAGTAGCCTCAGCAGCCTACTTCTCTCTGTTCTTAATTCTAA
CCCCACTAGCCGGGTGAGCAGAGAACAAAGTCCTAGAATGAAACTGCCCCAGTAGCTTAGTTCTAAAGCG
CCGGTTTTGTAACCCGGAGACCGGAGGTTAAAATCCTCCCTGAGGCCCAGAAAAGAAAGATTTTAACTTC
CACCTCTAACTCCCAAAGCTAGTATTCTAAGTTAAACTATTCCCTGCTTGACGCGCCGACGCGCCGATAT
ATGTACTTATTATATGTACTCTAGTATATAAATGTTGTATACTCATAGTATGTACAACACCCTACACAGA
TGGTATAATACATACTATGTATAATTATACATATATATATGGTGTCTATACATACTATGTATAATTATAC
ATATATATATGGTACTTATACATACTATGTATAATCACCATTCATATTATATCAAGTAAATAACTGTTTT
ATACTTACATTCATGAATCTAAGGATAAATAAGTAATAATCAGATAATAACCCATGAAAACAAACAAGTA
ATAATTAAACTAAGGTATATACAAAGCATTAAACTAAGATTCAGAATATCAATAAGAAAAGCTGATAAAT
AGATTAATCCCTATTACTTCATTAAACCATTTTCCATGCGTTACCCACCAAAAATAGCTATAGACTTATT
TAATGTAGTGAGAACCGACCAACACGACTAAATCGCGCATACGGTTAATGATAAGATCACGGACAAAAAT
TGTGGGGGTTTCACAGAATGAACTATTCCTGGCATTTGGTTCCTATTTCAGGGCCATAAATTTATAATCC
CCCTTAGAATTGAATTTTCCAGGCATAAGTTATGGTGGGGTACTAACGACTCGTTACCCACCATGCCGGG
CGTTCACTTACATGCATCTGATTCTCTTCACCCCTTCACTTTCACTTGGCGTGTGGCGACTCACTTCGTA
ATGTTAACGTTTAAAGGGTGAACATTTCCTTGAAATAAAGAACAATTGCCCAATACTCCATCAGCATTCA
TGGAAGAATTACATAAGTGATATCAGGTGCATAATAGATCAATTCTCAACCCACCCTGCCCTATTATACT
GCCCCCCTTCTTCGGAAAACTAGGAGGTTTTTTCGCGCGACAAACCCCCTTACCCCCTACGCCCGAAAAA
GTCTAATATTCATGTCAAACCCCGAAACCATGAAAGACTCGACTGACGTCTTCAACGAGTTCTGTTACGT
GTTGGTATATAGTGCTGCAAAAAAATGTTACTCTGTG


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.