Viewing data for Notropis stramineus


Scientific name Notropis stramineus
Common name Sand shiner
Maximum lifespan 3.00 years (Notropis stramineus@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16711 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7767 8944 4554 3213 4491 4453
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 465 535 273 192 269 266
Base content (%) 46.5% 53.5%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11406 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5350 6056 3260 2090 3221 2835
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 469 531 286 183 282 249
Base content (%) 46.9% 53.1%
D-loop: No data available for this section.
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1564 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 722 842 385 337 391 451
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 462 538 246 215 250 288
Base content (%) 46.2% 53.8%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2639 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1268 1371 661 607 531 840
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 480 520 250 230 201 318
Base content (%) 48.0% 52.0%
12S rRNA gene (size: 958 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 483 475 258 225 180 295
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 504 496 269 235 188 308
Base content (%) 50.4% 49.6%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1681 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 785 896 403 382 351 545
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 467 533 240 227 209 324
Base content (%) 46.7% 53.3%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 301 383 193 108 211 172
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 440 560 282 158 308 251
Base content (%) 44.0% 56.0%
ATP8 (size: 165 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 70 95 52 18 40 55
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 424 576 315 109 242 333
Base content (%) 42.4% 57.6%
COX1 (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 698 853 392 306 475 378
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 450 550 253 197 306 244
Base content (%) 45.0% 55.0%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 286 405 171 115 195 210
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 414 586 247 166 282 304
Base content (%) 41.4% 58.6%
COX3 (size: 784 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 374 410 219 155 225 185
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 477 523 279 198 287 236
Base content (%) 47.7% 52.3%
CYTB (size: 1141 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 542 599 333 209 331 268
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 475 525 292 183 290 235
Base content (%) 47.5% 52.5%
ND1 (size: 975 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 490 485 289 201 278 207
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 503 497 296 206 285 212
Base content (%) 50.3% 49.7%
ND2 (size: 1047 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 532 515 334 198 276 239
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 508 492 319 189 264 228
Base content (%) 50.8% 49.2%
ND3 (size: 351 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 162 189 97 65 104 85
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 462 538 276 185 296 242
Base content (%) 46.2% 53.8%
ND4 (size: 1381 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 646 735 402 244 403 332
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 468 532 291 177 292 240
Base content (%) 46.8% 53.2%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 145 152 93 52 84 68
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 488 512 313 175 283 229
Base content (%) 48.8% 51.2%
ND5 (size: 1836 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 839 997 514 325 514 483
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 457 543 280 177 280 263
Base content (%) 45.7% 54.3%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 270 252 172 98 91 161
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 517 483 330 188 174 308
Base content (%) 51.7% 48.3%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 20 (8.81%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 20 (8.81%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 48 (21.15%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 8 5 13 7 12 2 10 7 1 5 5 6 3 7 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 0 0 5 6 6 3 1 2 6 1 7 3 6 1 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 5 3 2 0 3 0 0 5 1 2 2 4 4 5 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 2 2 0 1 1 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 1 0 3
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
54 68 65 41
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
26 62 30 110
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
28 63 77 60
ATP8 (size: 165 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPNPWFAILVFSWFIFLTIIPTKVLNHLTPNEPAPMSEEKHKTDSWNWPW*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 2 (3.7%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 3 (5.56%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 4 (7.41%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (3.7%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 5 (9.26%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 4 (7.41%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 2 (3.7%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 8 (14.81%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (7.41%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.26%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.85%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (5.56%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (9.26%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 1 (1.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (3.7%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (5.56%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
0 4 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 3 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 3 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
8 14 19 14
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
6 16 16 17
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
4 22 20 9
COX1 (size: 1551 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 45 (8.72%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 49 (9.5%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 30 (5.81%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 34 (6.59%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 46 (8.91%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 63 (12.21%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 36 (6.98%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 23 (4.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (5.43%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (8.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 18 (3.49%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.13%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 16 (3.1%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 18 (3.49%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
28 8 12 14 13 21 7 8 7 1 15 4 18 9 17 25
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
11 0 1 12 18 13 6 12 10 12 11 5 6 15 2 12
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
5 16 1 9 2 12 3 2 2 8 10 9 0 5 11 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
14 8 3 7 8 8 0 2 1 3 2 0 0 1 0 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
166 117 121 113
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
75 137 95 210
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
65 138 162 152
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 12 (5.24%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 21 (9.17%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 27 (11.79%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 17 (7.42%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
15 2 12 6 2 10 3 5 7 1 9 2 9 1 4 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 1 1 4 6 5 1 2 0 6 1 5 5 4 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 6 2 2 6 3 1 0 4 5 4 0 1 2 2 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 10 4 4 9 5 0 1 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
73 59 55 43
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
26 54 63 87
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
16 58 92 64
COX3 (size: 784 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 14 (5.38%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 19 (7.31%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 32 (12.31%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 24 (9.23%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (3.85%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.38%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.46%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 16 (6.15%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
6 7 5 10 4 6 2 8 6 3 4 4 7 4 10 14
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 1 3 12 5 2 2 8 6 6 4 3 5 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 9 4 5 1 5 0 0 3 5 6 4 2 0 1 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
12 10 0 1 4 0 2 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
78 64 49 70
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
44 67 54 96
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
33 88 82 58
CYTB (size: 1141 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 30 (7.92%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 23 (6.07%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 24 (6.33%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 61 (16.09%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 28 (7.39%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 13 (3.43%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 29 (7.65%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 15 (3.96%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (2.9%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 16 (4.22%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (1.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
18 10 4 11 14 10 12 9 4 3 5 10 6 3 5 24
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
9 0 3 5 11 10 4 5 8 8 5 4 4 10 3 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 5 6 2 8 8 3 0 2 7 8 0 5 3 13 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 3 3 6 5 7 2 1 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
97 95 94 94
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
51 98 76 155
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
61 140 98 81
ND1 (size: 975 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (5.86%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 35 (10.8%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 21 (6.48%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 19 (5.86%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 28 (8.64%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 63 (19.44%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 17 (5.25%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (7.41%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 17 (5.25%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (4.01%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.93%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 12 (3.7%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 6 3 16 10 11 7 12 2 5 7 6 8 7 9 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 0 3 17 11 4 4 5 8 2 4 11 4 5 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 7 0 2 7 5 5 0 2 4 9 4 7 5 7 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 3 8 0 3 2 5 0 1 4 3 0 0 0 1 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
96 87 65 77
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
37 97 58 133
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
68 105 84 68
ND2 (size: 1047 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.17%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 46 (13.22%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 21 (6.03%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 47 (13.51%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 12 (3.45%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 70 (20.11%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 21 (6.03%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 18 (5.17%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 19 (5.46%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 8 (2.3%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (2.3%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.16%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.86%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 6 (1.72%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (3.45%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 8 (2.3%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 7 6 19 15 15 8 6 5 7 5 0 4 3 6 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
12 0 1 10 20 10 6 3 6 3 6 8 7 3 1 10
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
21 10 6 3 7 2 3 2 4 3 5 4 7 2 4 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 3 2 0 3 3 6 1 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 7
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
84 101 107 57
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
41 127 52 129
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
73 106 80 90
ND3 (size: 1047 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.17%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 46 (13.22%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 21 (6.03%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 47 (13.51%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 12 (3.45%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 70 (20.11%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 21 (6.03%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 18 (5.17%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 19 (5.46%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 8 (2.3%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (2.3%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.16%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.86%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 6 (1.72%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (3.45%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 8 (2.3%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 7 6 19 15 15 8 6 5 7 5 0 4 3 6 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
12 0 1 10 20 10 6 3 6 3 6 8 7 3 1 10
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
21 10 6 3 7 2 3 2 4 3 5 4 7 2 4 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 3 2 0 3 3 6 1 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 7
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
84 101 107 57
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
41 127 52 129
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
73 106 80 90
ND4 (size: 1381 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 27 (5.88%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 37 (8.06%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 30 (6.54%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 41 (8.93%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 5 (1.09%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 23 (5.01%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 86 (18.74%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 39 (8.5%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 25 (5.45%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 27 (5.88%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 17 (3.7%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 20 (4.36%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 13 (2.83%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
29 10 12 16 22 19 9 13 8 3 4 8 5 6 6 11
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
13 2 3 7 18 10 2 4 12 5 6 11 5 7 4 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
15 17 1 7 8 6 1 2 6 6 8 7 7 4 6 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 4 6 0 4 4 6 3 3 4 1 0 0 0 0 13
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
101 128 133 98
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
71 127 72 190
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
72 147 127 114
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 12 (12.24%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 9 (9.18%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 10 (10.2%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 23 (23.47%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 8 (8.16%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 0 3 3 5 7 5 2 3 0 0 0 2 0 5 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 1 2 1 6 3 2 0 3 2 0 1 0 1 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 4 1 2 2 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 1 2 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
23 32 22 22
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
15 30 14 40
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
14 31 32 22
ND5 (size: 1836 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 59 (9.66%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 46 (7.53%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 53 (8.67%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 7 (1.15%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 35 (5.73%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 94 (15.38%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 44 (7.2%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 33 (5.4%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (4.58%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 37 (6.06%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 27 (4.42%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 19 (3.11%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 15 (2.45%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 23 (3.76%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 10 (1.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
24 20 15 27 17 23 12 8 12 7 11 6 12 6 16 21
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
18 1 6 9 26 19 5 6 8 11 6 7 7 11 3 15
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
16 15 7 6 11 11 5 3 10 7 5 5 7 11 16 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
11 7 5 3 9 10 13 2 1 6 1 0 0 0 1 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
149 151 193 119
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
75 173 121 243
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
101 190 169 152
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 25 (14.45%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 18 (10.4%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 12 (6.94%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 21 (12.14%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 31 (17.92%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (6.36%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
3 3 8 4 1 5 10 7 0 0 3 4 8 6 4 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 1 6 4 3 5 2 1 4 18 3 0 0 2 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 2 1 4 3 0 2 1 2 4 3 1 4 1 0 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 0 6 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
72 31 28 43
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
40 38 19 77
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
60 29 44 41
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11425 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 244 (6.41%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 355 (9.33%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 242 (6.36%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 302 (7.93%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 27 (0.71%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 257 (6.75%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 627 (16.47%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 255 (6.7%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 172 (4.52%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 213 (5.6%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 226 (5.94%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 112 (2.94%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 120 (3.15%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 75 (1.97%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 101 (2.65%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 111 (2.92%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 96 (2.52%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 107 (2.81%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 79 (2.08%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 77 (2.02%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
167 88 86 143 117 148 80 92 65 31 70 50 88 49 96 130
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
86 7 20 67 148 100 40 42 64 74 64 62 54 74 23 62
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
109 99 32 45 58 59 25 12 43 51 61 36 47 39 72 33
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
74 57 44 26 49 44 35 14 12 35 16 0 0 4 5 84
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
1032 981 974 820
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
523 1057 690 1537
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
613 1149 1109 936 

>NC_008110.1 Notropis stramineus mitochondrion, complete genome
GCTAGCGTAGCTTAATACAAAGCATAACACTGAAGATGTTAAGATGGGCCCTGAGAAGCTCCGCATGCAC
AAAGGCATGGTCCCGACCTTACTATCGGCTCTAGCCCAACTTACACATGCAAGTCTCCGCAGCCCCGTGA
GTAAGCCCTTAATCCCCTACCCGGGGACGAGGAGCAGGCATCAGGCACAAAGCTTTAGCCCAAGACGCCA
GGCCCAGCCACACCCCCAAGGGAATTCAGCAGTGATAAACATTAAGCCATAAGTGAAAACTTGACTCAGT
CAGAGCCAAGAGGGCCGGTAAAACTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTAAACGAGAGGCCCCAGTTGATAGTAC
AACGGCGTAAAGGGTGGTTAAGGATAGCAAAACAATAAAGTCGAATGGCCCTTTGGCTGTCATACGCTTC
TAGGAGCCCGAAGCCCAGCATACGAAAGTAACTTTAGGAAAGTCCACCTGACCCCACGAAAACTGAGAAA
CAAACTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCTCAGTCATAAACCCAGATGTCCAGCTACAATTAGGCATCCGC
CCGGGTACTACGAGCATTAGCTTGAAACCCAAAGGACCTGACGGTGCCTCAGACCCCCCTAGAGGAGCCT
GTTCTAGAACCGATAACCCCCGTTAAACCTCACCGCTTCTAGCCATCCCAGCCTATATACCGCCGTCGTC
AGCTTACCCTGTGAAGGCAATAAAAGTAAGCAAAATGGGCACAACCCAGAACGTCAGGTCGAGGTGTAGC
GTACGAAGCGGGAAGAAATGGGCTACATTTTCTATAATAGAACACTACGAATATGCAACATGAAATAGTG
CTTGAAGGAGGATTTAGTAGTAAAAAGGAAGCAGCGTGCCCTTTTGAACTTGGCTCTGAGACGCGTACAC
ACCGCCCGTCACTCTCCCCTGTCGAAATGCAATAGAGTTACTTAACACCAGAGCTCTGACAAGGGGAGGC
AAGTCGTAACATGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTGGATAAAATTCAGGGCGTGGCTGAGTTAGTTAA
GCATCTCACTTACACCGAGAAGACATCCATGCAAATTGGGTCGCCCTGAGCCAACCAGCTAGCTTTAACA
CCAATATAACCCAACAATATCTATAACAAAGCAGGGCCCAACCCTAAAAACCAAACCATTTTTTTACCTG
AGTATGGGAGACAGAAAAGGTTCATCTAAAGCAATAGAAAAAGTACCGCAAGGGAAAGCTGAAAGAGAAG
TGAAACAACCCATATAAGCACTGAAAAACAAAGACTAACCCTTGTACCTTTTGCATCATGATTTAGCCAG
CACCCTCAAGCAAAGAGATCTTTAGTTTGATACCCCGAAACCAGGTGAGCTACCCCGAGACAGCCTATGT
AATTTAGGGCTAACCCGTCTCTGTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGAAGAGCTCCGGGTAGAAGTGACAGACCTACCG
AACCTGGTGATAGCTGGTTGCCTAGGAAATGAATAGAAGTTCAGCCTCGCACCCCCCTTAATCGAAAAAC
GCATTATCAAGATGCTATGGAAATGTGCGAGAGTTAGTTGAAGGGGGTACAGCCCCTTTAACAAAGGATA
CAACCTTCACAGGAGGATAAAGATCATAATAGGTAAGATATACTGTTCTAGTGGGCCTGAAAGCAGCCAT
CTAATCAGAAAGCGTTAAAGCTCGGACAGACAGAAATTTATTATTCCGATAGGAAATCTTACTCCCCTTA
CTGTACTGGGCCAACCCATGCCCGCATGGGTGAGACTATGCTAAAATGAGTAACAAGAAGACTTGATCTT
CTCCCGCCACAGGTGTAAGCCAGATCGGACCCACCACTGGAATTTAACGAGCCCAACCAAAGAGGGCATT
GTGGATAATAGAAACTTCAGGAAGAACTCACAACTGATGGATCGTTAACCCCACACTGGAGTGGCATTTT
AAGGGAAAGACTAAAAGAAGGGGAAGGAACTCGGCAAACACAAGCCTCGCCTGTTTACCAAAAACATCGC
CTCCTGCAATATAGAGTATAGGAGGTCCAGCCTGCCCAGTGACTACGGGTTCAACGGCCGCGGTATATTG
ACCGTGCAAAGGTAGCGCAATCACTTGTCTTTTAAATAGAGACCTGTATGAATGGCTAGACGAGGGCTTA
ACTGTCTCCCCCCTCCAGTCAGTGAAATTGATCTATCCGTGCAGAAGCGGGTATAATACTACAAGACGAG
AAGACCCTTTGGAGCTTAAGGTACAAGATTCAGCCACGTCAAGCAACTCCGTGAAAAGCAAGAACTTAGT
GGCCATGAATTTTTACCTTCGGTTGGGGCGACCACGGAGGAAAAGCAAGCCTCCGAGTGGACTGGGCCGA
CACCCCTAAAGCCATAAGAGACATCTTTAAGCCGCAGAACATCTGACCAATAATGATCCGGCTAAAGCCG
ATCAACGGACCAAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCTCTCCCAGAGCCCATATCGACGAGGGGGTT
TACGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCCAATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGAT
TAAAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGCAATCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTGTAACGCTACTTTCC
CTAGTACGAAAGGATCGGGAAAGAGGGGCCTATGCTTTACGCATGCCCCACCCCTAATTCATGAAAACAA
ATAAATTAAATAAGGGAGGGCCAAAACCCCTGCCGCCCAAGATAAGGGCATACTGGGGTGGCAGAGCATG
GTAAATTGCGTAAGGCCTAAGCCCTTAAAGCCAGAGGTTCAAATCCTCTCCCCAGTTCATGCTTAACACC
TTGATCACACACCTAATTAACCCGCTCGCCTACATTGTGCCCGTCCTACTGGCCGTGGCCTTCTTGACCT
TACTTGAACGGAAGGTGCTAGGCTACATGCAGTTGCGAAAAGGCCCGAATGTAGTGGGACCCTACGGTTT
ACTGCAACCTATCGCTGACGGAGTTAAGTTATTCATTAAGGAGCCCGTTCGCCCGTCCACATCATCCCCA
TTCTTATTCTTGGCAACTCCCATTCTTGCATTAACCCTGGCTCTCACCCTCTGAGCCCCTATCCCTATGC
CCCACCCAGTAATTAACCTCAACTTAGGAGTTCTCTTTATTCTAGCACTATCCAGCCTTGCAGTCTATTC
TATTCTTGGCTCAGGCTGAGCATCAAATTCAAAATACGCACTCATTGGAGCCCTGCGAGCGGTTGCCCAG
ACAATTTCGTATGAGGTAAGCCTCGGACTGATCCTCCTTTCGGTAATCGTCTTTTCTGGGGGTTACACCC
TTCAAACCTTTAATACCGCGCAGGAGGCCGTATGGTTGGTTGTTCCTGCCTGGCCACTAGCAGCAATATG
GTACATCTCCACCCTTGCGGAGACCAATCGAGCACCCTTTGACTTAACAGAGGGTGAATCGGAGCTTGTC
TCAGGATTTAATGTAGAGTACGCAGGGGGCCCCTTTGCCTTATTTTTCCTCGCCGAATACGCCAACATTT
TACTAATAAACACTCTTTCCGCCGTCTTGTTTTTAGGAACATCGTATTTTCCGGCCATGCCCGAGCTGAC
CACAGTTGGACTAATAGCTAAGGCCGCCCTTTTATCGGTAGTGTTCCTTTGGGTCCGGGCCTCCTACCCA
CGGTTCCGATATGACCAGCTTATGCACTTGGTGTGAAAGAACTTCCTTCCCCTAACACTAGCCCTTGTGT
TATGACATGTATCCCTCCCCATTGCACTGGCGGGTCTTCCCCCGCAGCTATAGCTCAGGAACTGTGCCCG
AGTGCCCAGGGACCACTTTGATAGAGTGGCTTACAGGGGCTAAAATCCCCTCAGTTCTTAGAAAGAAGGG
GGTCGAACCCATGCCCAAGAGATCAAAACTCTTAGTGCTTCCTCTACACCACTTTCTATGATGGGGTCAG
CTAAACAAGCTTTCGGGCCCATACCCCGAACATGACGGTTAAAATCCCTCCTCCATCAATGAACCCTTAC
GTATTAGCCACGCTTCTGTCCAGCCTCGGCCTAGGAACTACCCTCACCTTTGCCAGCTCCCACTGACTAT
TAGCCTGAATAGGACTAGAGATTAATACCCTGGCAATCGTTCCTTTAATAGCTCAACATCATCATCCCCG
TGCGGTAGAAGCTGCCACCAAGTACTTTCTTACCCAGGCTACTGCAGCCGCCGTGATCCTATTTGCAAGC
ACAACTAACGCCTGAATTACAGGGGAATGAAGTATGACTAACATATCGGACCCTATCGCCACCGCGATGA
TTCTCGCCGCCCTGGCACTTAAAATTGGTCTAGCACCTATGCACTTTTGGATGCCTGAGGTACTACAGGG
GCTCGACTTGTTGACCGGGTTGATTCTTTCTACCTGGCAGAAGCTTGCTCCCCTTGCCCTAATTATGCAA
ACAGCTCAAGCTTTCGACCCAACTCTTCTTACGGCCCTTGGGCTTATGTCCACCTTGGTGGGTGGCTGAG
GGGGGCTAAACCAAACCCAGCTGCGGAAGGTTTTAGCATATTCCTCAATCGCGCACATGGGCTGAATAAT
TGTTATTCTTCAGCATGCCCCTCACCTTACGCTCCTTGCACTACTCACGTATATCTTGATGACATCTGCG
GCATTCCTAACACTCAAGCTTTCATATGCCACAAAGGTTGGCACCCTTGCAACCACATGATCGAAGAGTC
CCCTGCTCACGGCGACAGCCGCCCTAGTGTTACTATCCCTCGGCGGTCTCCCACCGCTCACGGGATTTAT
GCCTAAATGGCTAATCCTGCAGGAACTCACAAAACAAGCCCTCCCCCTCACCGCAACCATCATGGCTCTC
GCCGCTCTGATTAGCCTATACTTTTACTTGCGACTTTGCTACGCGATAACCCTTACTATTTCCCCTAATA
CTGCTACCTCCACTACCCCCTGGCGAACTCGAACAACCCAGGCCTCTATTCCCCTGGCCTTGTCGACCGT
AATAGCTCTAGGCCTTTTACCCATTACCCCAACTATTATGACCCTTGTTATTTAGAGGCTTAGGATAGCG
TTAGACCGGGAGCCTTCAAAGCTCTAAGCAGAAGTTAAAATCTTCTAGCCTCTGATAAGACCTACAAGAG
TTTATCTTGCATCTTCTGAATGCAAATCAAATGTTTTTGTTAAACTAAGGCCTTTCTAGATGGGAAGGCC
TCGATCCTACAAACTCTTAGTTAACAGCTAAGCGCTCAAGCCAGCGAGCATCCATCTACTTTCCCGCCGT
TTGCCGGGTAAGGCGGGAAAGCCCCGGCAGGGTATTAATCTGCGTCTCTGGATTTGCAATCCAACATGGC
ACTCCACCACGGGGCTTGATAGGAAGAGGACTTAAACCTCTGTCTTCGGGGCTACAACCCACCGCCTGGG
CACTCGGCTACCCTACCTGTGGCAATTACACGCTGATTCTTTTCTACAAACCACAAAGACATTGGTACCC
TTTATTTAGTATTTGGTGCCTGGGCCGGAATAGTGGGGACCGCTTTAAGCCTCCTTATTCGGGCTGAACT
AAGTCAACCTGGCTCGCTCCTAGGTGATGACCAAATCTATAACGTTATTGTTACTGCTCACGCCTTTGTA
ATGATTTTCTTTATAGTAATGCCAATTCTTATCGGTGGGTTTGGAAACTGACTTGTACCTCTGATGATCG
GGGCACCAGATATGGCGTTCCCACGAATGAACAACATGAGTTTCTGACTCTTACCCCCATCATTCCTACT
ACTGCTAGCCTCTTCTGGTGTCGAAGCCGGGGCCGGGACAGGTTGAACTGTTTACCCCCCACTTGCAGGC
AATCTTGCCCACGCAGGGGCATCTGTAGACCTCACAATCTTTTCTCTCCACCTAGCGGGTGTATCATCAA
TTCTAGGGGCAGTGAACTTCATTACTACAATTATTAACATGAAACCGCCAGCAATTTCTCAATATCAAAC
ACCCCTCTTTGTATGGGCGGTACTTGTGACTGCCGTTCTTTTACTTCTATCACTGCCCGTTCTGGCTGCT
GGAATTACTATACTTCTCACTGATCGTAACCTAAACACTACATTCTTCGACCCGGCGGGAGGGGGTGACC
CTATTCTGTACCAGCACTTATTCTGGTTCTTCGGCCATCCAGAGGTCTACATTCTCATTTTACCCGGATT
TGGAATTATTTCACACGTTGTAGCCTACTACGCAGGTAAAAAAGAACCATTCGGCTACATAGGAATAGTA
TGGGCGATGATAGCCATCGGCCTCCTAGGCTTTATTGTCTGAGCCCATCACATGTTCACAGTTGGGATAG
ACGTAGACACCCGTGCCTACTTTACCTCCGCGACAATAATTATTGCTATCCCAACTGGTGTTAAAGTGTT
CAGCTGACTTGCCACACTTCACGGAGGCTCAATCAAATGGGAAACTCCTTTACTATGGGCTCTAGGCTTT
ATTTTCCTTTTCACCGTTGGAGGGCTAACAGGAATTGTTCTCGCCAATTCGTCTCTTGATATTGTTCTCC
ATGATACATACTATGTTGTTGCCCACTTCCACTATGTACTATCAATGGGGGCTGTGTTTGCTATTATAGC
AGCATTCGTTCACTGATTCCCACTATTCTCAGGATATACTCTGAATGACACTTGAACAAAAATCCACTTT
GCTGTGATATTTATTGGTGTAAACCTCACATTCTTCCCACAACATTTCCTAGGTCTAGCAGGAATGCCAC
GACGGTACTCTGATTATCCAGATGCTTACGCTCTGTGGAATACGGTATCGTCTATTGGCTCACTCGTGTC
ACTAGTGGCAGTAATTATATTCTTATTTATTCTATGGGAAGCCTTTGCCGCCAAACGAGAAGTATCCTCA
GTAGAACTAACTATAACAAATGTAGAATGGCTACACGGCTGCCCTCCCCCATATCACACATTTGAGGAGC
CAGCATTCGTCCAAGTTCAATCAAACTAACGAGAAAGGGAGGAATTGAACCCCCATGTACTGGTTTCAAG
CCAGTCACATAACCACTCTGTCACTTTCTTCTGGAGACATTAGTAAAATATGCATATTACATCATCTTGT
CGAGATGAAATTACAGGTTAAACTCCTGTATGTCTTAAATTTAATGGCACACCCCACACAACTAGGATTC
CAAGACGCGGCATCTCCCGTTATAGAAGAACTTCTTCATTTCCACGACCACGCCCTAATAATTGTATTTT
TAATTAGCACAATAGTACTTTACATTATTGTAGCAATAGTTTCAACCAAACTCACCAACAAATATATCTT
GGACTCCCAAGAAATCGAGATTGTGTGAACAGTTCTACCAGCAGTTATTCTAGTCCTAATTGCTCTTCCT
TCCCTCCGAATTTTATATCTAATAGATGAAGTTAATGATCCTCACTTAACAATTAAAGCTATAGGACACC
AATGATATTGAAGCTATGAGTACACAGACTATGAAGACCTGGGATTCGACTCCTACATAATTCCTACTCA
GGATCTTACGCCCGGGCAATTCCGACTGCTAGAAACAGATCACCGAATAGTAGTTCCCATAGAATCACCA
ATTCGTGTTCTGGTATCCGCTGAGGACGTACTACATTCCTGAGCCATTCCATCGCTTGGTGTAAAAATAG
ACGCAGTACCTGGACGATTAAATCAAACTGCCTTTATTGCCTCACGACCAGGTGTTTTCTACGGACAATG
CTCTGAAATTTGTGGAGCCAACCACAGCTTTATACCCATTGTAGTTGAAGCTGTCCCTTTAAAACACTTT
GAGAGCTGATCCACGCTAATACTAGAAGACGCCTCACTAGGAAGCTAATTATTGGACAAAGCGTTGGCCT
TTTAAGCCAAAGTTTGGTGCCTACCGACCACCCCTAGTGGCATGCCTCAACTCAACCCTAACCCCTGATT
CGCAATCCTAGTATTTTCATGATTCATCTTTCTCACCATCATCCCAACCAAGGTCTTGAACCATTTAACC
CCTAATGAACCAGCCCCCATAAGTGAAGAAAAACATAAAACCGACTCCTGAAACTGACCATGATAGCAAG
CTTCTTTGACCAATTTGCAAGCCCCTCTTTCCTAGGAATCCCACTCATCGCCGTTGCAATTGCACTCCCA
TGAGTATTGTTTCCTACCCCCTCATCTCGCTGGATAAATAGCCGACTTACCACGCTTCAAGCATGGTTTA
TTAACCGCTTCACTAATCAATTATTAATGCCTTTAAATGTAGGGGGACATAAATGAGCTCTGTTATTAAC
CTCATTAATGGTATTTCTTATTACTATCAACATACTAGGCCTTCTGCCGTACACCTTTACCCCTACAACC
CAATTATCATTGAATATAGGACTTGCTGTGCCACTCTGACTTGCTACAGTCATTATTGGTATGCGAAACC
AACCAACAGTTGCTCTCGGACACCTATTACCTGAGGGAACCCCTATCCCTTTGATCCCTGTACTAATTAT
TATCGAAACGATTAGCCTATTCATTCGACCACTAGCTCTAGGAGTCCGACTTACCGCCAACTTGACCGCG
GGCCACCTTCTTATCCAACTTATTGCCACAGCCGTATTCGTCTTACTACCCATGATGCCAACTGTGGCAA
TCCTTACAGCCGTCGTTCTCTTCCTTCTAACGCTCCTAGAAGTTGCGGTCGCGATAATTCAAGCCTACGT
GTTTGTACTACTCTTAAGCCTTTATCTACAGGAGAACGTTTAATGGCCCACCAAGCGCATGCATATCACA
TGGTTGATCCTAGCCCATGACCACTAACCGGAGCCGTCGGTGCTTTACTAATAACGTCCGGCCTAGCAAT
CTGGTTCCACTTCCACTCAGTAACATTAATAACCCTTGGATTGGTTCTGTTACTTCTTACAATGTTTCAG
TGATGGCGTGACGTCATCCGAGAAGGGACCTTCCAGGGGCATCACACACCACCAGTACAAAAGGGGTTAC
GGTATGGAATAATCCTATTTATCACCTCTGAAGTGTTCTTCTTCCTAGGCTTCTTTTGAGCCTTCTACCA
CTCAAGCCTAGCCCCAACCCCTGAACTTGGCGGATGCTGGCCCCCTACAGGGATTACTACGTTAGACCCC
TTTGAAGTGCCCCTCCTCAACACAGCCGTATTATTGGCATCTGGGGTTACAGTTACGTGGGCCCATCACA
GCATTATAGAAGGTGAACGAAAGCAAGCCATTCAATCTCTTGCACTTACAATTCTGCTCGGGTTCTATTT
TACTGCCCTTCAAGCTATAGAATACTATGAAGCGCCTTTTACCATTGCAGACGGAGTATACGGCTCAACA
TTCTTTGTGGCCACAGGCTTCCACGGACTTCATGTCATTATCGGCTCAACCTTCTTAGCCGTCTGTCTTC
TCCGCCAGATCCAATACCACTTTACGTCTGAACACCACTTCGGCTTTGAAGCCGCTGCCTGATACTGACA
CTTTGTAGACGTAGTGTGATTATTCCTTTACGTATCTATCTATTGATGAGGCTCATATCTTTCTAGTATT
AAAGTTTGTACAAGTGACTTCCAATCATTTAGTCTTGGTTAGACCCCAAGGAAAGATAATGAACTTAATT
ACAACTATCTTTATTATTGCTGTAGCACTATCGTCGGTTCTGGCAATCGTGTCCTTCTGATTGCCACAAA
TGAACCCGGATGCAGAGAAACTCTCTCCCTATGAATGCGGGTTTGACCCGCTAGGATCAGCCCGGTTACC
ATTCTCCCTTCGATTCTTTCTAGTAGCTATTCTTTTCCTTCTGTTTGACCTAGAGATTGCCCTCCTCCTC
CCACTGCCATGAGGCGATCAACTTCACAGCCCAACCGGGACATTCTTTTGAGCCACCACAGTTCTAATCC
TATTAACCCTCGGACTAATTTACGAATGAACCCAAGGAGGTCTAGAATGAGCAGAGTAGGGGGCTAGTCT
AAAAAAGACCTCTGATTTCGGCTCAGAAAATTGTGGTTTGAGTCCACGGCCCCCTTATGACACCAGTACA
CTTTAGCTTTACCTCAGCATTTATTTTAGGACTTATAGGACTAGCATTCCATCGTACCCACCTGCTTTCC
GCGCTCCTGTGCTTGGAGGGCATGATACTATCCCTATTCATTGCACTGGCCCTGTGAACACTACAATTTG
AATCAACAAGCTTCTCTACCGCCCCTATACTTCTGCTAGCTTTTTCTGCCTGTGAGGCCAGTACAGGCCT
CGCGCTCTTAGTAGCCACGGCCCGGACCCACGGCACTGATCGTCTACAAAACCTCAATCTCCTACAATGC
TAAAAATTTTAGTCCCTACAATTATAATGTTCCCAACAATTTGGTTGGCCTCTCCTAAGTGACTGTGGAC
AGTCACCGCCACCCATGGCCTCTTAATTGCCGTGACAAGCCTCACATGATTCAGCTGAACCTCAGAGACT
GGATGAAATTCATCCAACGCCTACTTAGCCACAGACCCCCTGTCGACACCTCTTTTAGTCTTAACCTGCT
GACTCCTCCCGCTCATGATTTTGGCTAGTCAGAACCACATTAATCCTGAACCCATTGCACGTCAACGCCT
GTATATTACCCTTCTCACTTCACTCCAAGCCTTCTTGATTATGGCCTTTGGCGCTACAGAAATCATCATA
TTCTACATTATGTTCGAGGCCACCCTCATCCCTACCCTTATTATTATTACCCGCTGAGGAAATCAAACCG
AACGCCTCAACGCAGGCACCTATTTTTTATTTTATACTTTGGCCGGATCTTTACCTCTCCTAGTAGCCTT
GCTCCTTCTCCAACAATCCACAGGGACCCTATCCCTGCTGATCATCCAGTACACCCCCTTACTTCTAGTG
AGCTCATGAAGCCACAAAATCTGGTGAGCAGGTTGCTTAATCGCCTTCCTAGTGAAAATACCTCTTTATG
GTGTCCATCTATGACTGCCTAAGGCCCACGTAGAGGCCCCTGTCGCAGGTTCCATAGTTCTGGCAGCAAT
TCTACTAAAACTTGGAGGATATGGCATAATGCGTATAATAATAATACTAGACCCGCTCTCTAAGGACCTA
GTTTACCCGTTTATTGTCCTAGCACTTTGAGGTATTATTATGACAGGCTCCATTTGTCTACGACAGACTG
ACCTTAAGTCACTAATTGCTTACTCCTCTGTTAGTCACATGGGCCTCGTAGCGGGGGGGATTCTAGTCCA
AACTCCATGAGGCTTCACAGGCGCCATTATTCTTATGATCGCCCATGGCCTAGTATCCTCTATACTGTTC
TGCCTGGCTAATACGGCTTACGAGCGAACCCATAGCCGAACTATGGTTCTTGCTCGGGGCTTGCAAGTGA
TTTTCCCATTAACAGCTGTCTGATGGTTTATTGCAAACCTAGCCAACTTAGCACTCCCCCCACTTCCTAA
CCTCATAGGGGAGCTTATGATTATCACAACACTCTTTAGCTGGTCCCCCTGGACCATTGCGCTTACTGGG
CTCGGGACATTAATTACTGCAGCCTACTCTCTCTATTTGTTCTTAATATCTCAACGTGGCCCTACACCAC
ACCACATCGTGAAGCTCTCACCATTCCACACCCGAGAGCATCTACTAATGGCCCTTCACCTCATTCCGGT
AATTCTCCTTGTGACAAAGCCAGAACTAATGTGAGGCTGGTGTTACTAGTAAGTATAGTTTAACCAAAAC
ATCAGATTGTGATTCTGAAAACAGGGGTTAAAATCCCCTTACTCACCAAGGAAGGACAGAAATCAATAAG
TGCTGCTAATACTTATGCCCCGAGGTTAAATTCCTCGGCTTCTTTACGCTTCTGAAGGATAACAGCTCAT
CCGTTGGTCTTAGGAACCAAAAACTCTTGGTGCAAATCCAAGCGGAAGCTATGACCTCAACAGCCCTGAT
CATATCCTCCTCATTCCTTCTGATCATTACAATCCTTGTTTTGCCCTTACTCATGACGCTAAGTCCTAAT
CCCCAAGAATCGACCTGAGCACATACCTATGTAAAGACTGCCGTTAGCACGGCGTTCTTTGTGAGCCTGT
TACCACTCATGGTTTATCTGGCCCAAGGAGCTGAGAATATCACCACGAACTGGCAATGAATAAATACACA
GATATTTGACACCAATGTTAGCTTCAAATTTGATCACTACTCCCTTATCTTCACTCCTATTGCTCTCTTT
GTAACATGGTCTATCTTGGAGTTTGCACTATGATATATGCACTCCGACCCCAACATAAACCGATTCTTTA
AATACCTACTGCTGTTCCTAGTAGCTATAATCGTTCTTGTTACAGCAAACAACTTATTTCAACTATTTAT
TGGCTGAGAAGGGGTAGGCATTATGTCTTTTCTACTCATTGGCTGATGACATGGACGTGCAGACGCTAAT
ACCGCAAGCCTTCAGGCAGTAATCTATAACCGTGTAGGAGATATCGGACTAATTCTGGCTATGGCCTGAT
TTGCTATAAATCTGAACTCTTGGGAGATGCAACAGGTTTTCGCTTTGTCGAAAAGTTACGACATGACAAC
CCCACTAATTGCACTCATCCTTGCGGCAGCAGGGAAGTCGGCCCAGTTTGGCCTACACCCATGACTTCCA
TCAGCCATAGAGGGCCCGACACCGGTATCTGCGCTACTTCACTCTAGCACAATAGTAGTTGCGGGTATCT
TTCTCTTGATTCGCCTACATCCATTGATGGAAGACAACAAGCTCGCCCTGTCAGCCTGCCTATGCCTAGG
AGCACTTACTACCCTATATACAGCCACCTGCGCACTAACCCAAAATGACATCAAGAAAATTGTCGCATTC
TCAACATCCAGTCAACTTGGACTCATGATGGTGACCATCGGACTAAACCAACCACAATTAGCATTTCTTC
ATATTTGCACACACGCATTCTTCAAGGCCATACTTTTCCTTTGCTCAGGTTCTATTATTCACAGCCTTAA
TGATGAGCAGGACATTCGAAAGATGGGCGGCCTCCACAAGCTCCTGCCTATTACCTCAACCTGCCTTACG
ATTGGAAGCCTAGCGCTAGCAGGCACCCCATTCCTCGCCGGATTCTTTTCAAAAGACGCTATTATTGAAG
CCCTTAACACTTCCCACCTTAACGCCTGGGCCCTTGTATTGACGCTCATTGCCACATCCTTCACTGCAGT
CTATAGCTTCCGAGTAGTCTACTTCGTAACTATGGGGTCCCCACGATTCCTTCCACTGTCCCCAATCAAC
GAAGGTAATCCCCTCATGGTTCAACCTGTTAAACGACTTGCCTGAGGAAGCATTGTTGCAGGGCTCATTA
TTACATGTAACTTCCTGCCTATAAAAACGCCAGTCATAACTATACCCGTGGCCCTAAAAGTGGCCGCCCT
AGCAGTGGCCGTCACCGGTCTTCTTGTAGCCATGGAACTTGCAGCCAAGACCAATAACCCTTATAAAACT
GCCTTCAAGAACTCCCCCCACCACTTCTCAAATATGCTAGGGTACTTTCCTTCGTTAATACACCGGCTCT
CCCCCAAAACTAGCTTAGTCCTTGGGCGATCAACTGCTACTAAGCTCGACCAAACGTGGCTTGAAATTAC
AGGTCCGAAGTCGATCACTCTTACTCAGATGATATTAGCCCAAATAGTGGGTAACATTTCACAGGGAACA
ATCAAGAAGTTTTTGACTATCTTCCTCCTAACTATGATCTTAGCCATCGCCCTAATCCTTATTTAGACCG
CTCGAAGTGTTCCGCGGCTCAGACCCCGGGTTAACTCCAGTACTACAAGTAGGGTTAGAAGCAACACTCA
GGCGCAGATGACTAATATTGTCCCCCCAAAGGAGTATATCATTGCCACCCCTCCGACATCCCCCCGCAAT
ACGGAGAACTCTTTTATCTCATCAATAGCTGCTCAAGAGCCCTCATGTCACCCCCCTCAAGATAGCCCCC
CTATCAGCACAACCCCCAGCAGATATACCAAGACGTACCCTATTACCGAACGACTCCCCCAGGCCTCCGG
AAAAGGCTCAGCAGCCAGCGCTGCCGAATAAGCAAACACTACAAGCATTCCCCCTAGGTAGATTAAGAAG
AGAACCAGGGATAAGAAAGGCCCCCCGCTACCGATCAGTACCCCACACCCCACCCCCGCCGCTACTATCA
GCCCTAAGGCAGCAAAATACGGCGTAGGATTAGACGCAACAGCAATCAGTCCTATAATTAAGGCTATTAG
CAATAAAGACACGAAATAAGTCATGGTTCCCGCTCAGACTTTAACCGAGACTAGTGACTTGAAGAACCAC
CGTTGTAATTCAACTACAGGAACAATTAATGGCAAGCCTACGTAAAACTCACCCGCTAATAAAAATCGCT
AACGATGCACTGGTCGACCTTCCAACGCCATCAAATATTTCAGTAATATGAAACTTCGGATCACTGCTAG
GATTATGCTTAATTACTCAGATCCTAACGGGATTGTTCTTAGCAATGCATTATACCTCTGACATCTCAAC
TGCATTCTCATCCGTCACACACATCTGCCGGGACGTCAACTACGGCTGACTTATCCGAAACATGCATGCC
AACGGCGCATCATTTTTCTTCATCTGCATTTATATGCACATTGCTCGCGGCCTTTACTATGGATCCTACC
TTTATAAAGAGACTTGAAATATTGGGGTTGTCCTACTCCTTCTAGTTATGATGACAGCCTTTGTGGGTTA
TGTACTCCCATGAGGCCAAATGTCCTTCTGAGGTGCCACCGTTATTACCAACCTTCTATCGGCAGTCCCT
TATATAGGGGATACCCTCGTGCAATGAATTTGAGGGGGCTTTTCGGTAGATAACGCGACATTGACGCGGT
TCTTCGCCTTCCATTTCCTCTTCCCATTCGTCATTGCCGGTGCAACTGTCCTCCACTTGCTCTTCTTACA
CGAAACGGGGTCAAACAACCCTGCCGGGCTAAACTCCGACGCAGATAAAATTTCCTTCCACCCCTACTTC
TCTTACAAGGACCTTCTTGGTTTCGTTCTGATGCTTCTAGCTCTCACATCCCTGACGTTATTCTCCCCTA
CGCTACTCGGTGATCCAGAGAACTTCACCCCAGCAAACCCCCTGGTTACCCCCCCGCATATTCAGCCCGA
ATGATACTTCCTGTTTGCCTATGCTATTCTGCGGTCCATTCCGAATAAGCTCGGAGGAGTCTTGGCGCTG
CTGTTCAGCATCCTCGTATTATTAGTAGTCCCAATTTTACACACCTCGAAACAACGAGGACTTACCTTCC
GCCCAATCACCCAGTTCTTATTCTGAACCCTCGTGGCGGATATGATCATTCTGACATGAATTGGAGGCAT
ACCTGTAGAACACCCATACATTATTATTGGCCAAATCGCCTCAGTCCTGTACTTTGCATTGTTCCTCCTC
CTCGCCCCACTTGCCGGCTGAGCGGAGAACAAAGCCCTGAAATGAGCTTGCCCTAGTAGCTTAGTTTCAA
AGCATCGGTCTTGTAATCCGAAGATCGAGGGTTAAACCCCCTCCTAGCGCCCAGAAAAAGGAGATTTTAA
CTCCCACCCCTGGCTCCCAAAGCCAGGATTCTAAAGTTAAACTATTTTCTGGTGGACCAATATGGTTACA
TATTCATGTCTAGCACCCCAATGCTGTGTAAACCATGTATTGCATTGCAAATCGTACACCTGTATAATGT
GGATAAGACATAGCTATGTATTATCACCATTCATTTATTTTAACCTAAAAGCAAGTACTAACACCTAAGA
CGTGCATAAACTAAATATATGCAATGCAGTAGGGTTATATATGTATTATCACCATTCATTTATTTTAACC
TAAAAGCAAGTACTAACGTCTAAGACGTGCATAAGCATATTATTAGGACTCAGAAATGATTTATCTTAAC
CCGGGTTATAGGTTATTCCCCTAGATATCGTCCACAACACTTTCCTTGAACGGACCAACTAGGATTTACT
ACGACAATCTCAATTCAGCGAGAGACCACCAACCTTGTCCTGTAAGGCATATTATTCATGATAGAATCAG
GGACACATCTTGGAGATACGGTATATAGTGAATTATTCCTTGCATCTGATTCAAATCTCACGGGCATGGC
ATGTTTGTTCCATCCTTTTTGAGGTATTCTTGCATCCGGCTATTGGTGTTATTTCATACTCCTCATTACC
CCACATGCCGGGCGTTCTTTTATATGCATAACGTTCTTTTTTTTGGTTACCTTTCACTTGCATCTCAGAG
TGCAGGCTCAAATAATATCTCAAGGTGGTACATTTCCTTGCATGGGTAAACTAGGTTAATGATTAAAAGA
CATAACTTAAGAATTACATTATACTATATCAAGTGCATAACGTATCTGTCTTTCTTCACCTTACCCTGAT
ATAGATGCCCCCCCTTTTCGTTTTCACGCGACAAACCCCCTTACCCCCTACGCCCAGCGAATCCTGTTCT
CCTTGTCAAACCCCAAAAGCAAGGAAGGTTCGAGAGCGTCCAAGCTAACAAGTTGAAATATGGGTTAGCC
ATCCGCGTTATATATATATATATGTCATTTAACCCCTAAAAGTTTTCCAAAAAAAAGGCCCAAAAGACTC
TGTTGAGCCCGTGATTAAATTTTCCCAATGCTAAAAAATCGAACACTTGTT
Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.