Viewing data for Streptopelia chinensis


Scientific name Streptopelia chinensis
Common name Spotted dove
Maximum lifespan 9.80 years (Streptopelia chinensis@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16966 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7803 9163 5439 2364 4058 5105
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 460 540 321 139 239 301
Base content (%) 46.0% 54.0%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11368 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5305 6063 3904 1401 2722 3341
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 467 533 343 123 239 294
Base content (%) 46.7% 53.3%
D-loop (size: 1427 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 610 817 403 207 413 404
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 427 573 282 145 289 283
Base content (%) 42.7% 57.3%
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1533 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 658 875 396 262 383 492
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 429 571 258 171 250 321
Base content (%) 42.9% 57.1%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2563 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1191 1372 702 489 526 846
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 465 535 274 191 205 330
Base content (%) 46.5% 53.5%
12S rRNA gene (size: 969 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 472 497 280 192 191 306
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 487 513 289 198 197 316
Base content (%) 48.7% 51.3%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1594 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 719 875 422 297 335 540
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 451 549 265 186 210 339
Base content (%) 45.1% 54.9%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 312 372 242 70 175 197
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 456 544 354 102 256 288
Base content (%) 45.6% 54.4%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 74 94 63 11 40 54
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 440 560 375 65 238 321
Base content (%) 44.0% 56.0%
COX1 (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 747 804 500 247 398 406
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 482 518 322 159 257 262
Base content (%) 48.2% 51.8%
COX2 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 323 361 221 102 158 203
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 472 528 323 149 231 297
Base content (%) 47.2% 52.8%
COX3 (size: 784 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 369 415 249 120 194 221
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 471 529 318 153 247 282
Base content (%) 47.1% 52.9%
CYTB (size: 1143 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 552 591 408 144 282 309
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 483 517 357 126 247 270
Base content (%) 48.3% 51.7%
ND1 (size: 966 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 450 516 327 123 255 261
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 466 534 339 127 264 270
Base content (%) 46.6% 53.4%
ND2 (size: 1039 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 452 587 352 100 250 337
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 435 565 339 96 241 324
Base content (%) 43.5% 56.5%
ND3 (size: 352 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 164 188 120 44 98 90
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 466 534 341 125 278 256
Base content (%) 46.6% 53.4%
ND4 (size: 1378 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 638 740 489 149 330 410
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 463 537 355 108 239 298
Base content (%) 46.3% 53.7%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 137 160 99 38 77 83
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 461 539 333 128 259 279
Base content (%) 46.1% 53.9%
ND5 (size: 1818 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 842 976 634 208 413 563
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 463 537 349 114 227 310
Base content (%) 46.3% 53.7%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 250 272 203 47 56 216
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 479 521 389 90 107 414
Base content (%) 47.9% 52.1%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (7.05%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 12 (5.29%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 23 (10.13%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 61 (26.87%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (7.93%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
4 14 9 6 18 25 2 9 7 1 2 3 1 0 4 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 1 3 8 5 0 1 4 3 0 2 6 7 2 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
5 12 0 1 2 3 2 0 4 0 3 0 1 1 10 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 3 1 1 0 2 1 0 5 1 0 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
35 86 70 37
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
23 64 35 106
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
12 92 92 32
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPSPWFFIMVLSWLTFSLIIQPKLLSFTPINPPSSKVLATTKSTPWTWPWT*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 7 (12.73%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 7 (12.73%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 7 (12.73%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 9 (16.36%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 0 (0%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 0 (0%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
0 4 1 0 1 4 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 4 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 2 0 1 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
3 16 20 17
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
7 22 8 19
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
1 25 26 4
COX1 (size: 1551 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 47 (9.11%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 47 (9.11%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 29 (5.62%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 39 (7.56%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 36 (6.98%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 62 (12.02%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 40 (7.75%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 24 (4.65%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 30 (5.81%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 41 (7.95%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 18 (3.49%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (1.94%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 16 (3.1%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (1.74%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 18 (3.49%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.74%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 26 22 9 17 27 4 5 9 0 6 17 12 1 7 34
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 1 10 28 9 0 10 18 18 1 2 11 17 0 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
16 14 1 3 15 7 1 0 3 5 13 1 0 5 11 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
13 8 2 3 12 9 0 0 1 6 1 0 1 0 0 16
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
155 122 132 108
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
77 142 95 203
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
15 236 179 87
COX2 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 20 (8.81%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 16 (7.05%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 15 (6.61%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 30 (13.22%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 15 (6.61%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 17 6 2 7 15 3 3 6 1 1 9 4 1 1 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 1 2 4 6 3 0 0 1 5 2 4 2 8 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 8 0 1 10 6 1 0 2 2 6 1 0 0 4 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 15 0 2 11 3 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
64 62 55 47
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
23 61 60 84
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
15 98 88 27
COX3 (size: 784 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (7.31%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 18 (6.92%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.38%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 35 (13.46%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (6.92%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.54%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 6 (2.31%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 15 (5.77%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (1.15%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 11 7 4 8 15 1 6 7 1 1 4 4 2 5 17
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 1 1 10 8 3 1 4 11 3 4 5 3 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
11 10 0 1 5 6 1 0 5 2 10 0 1 1 5 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
13 7 1 1 3 3 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
64 68 62 67
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
42 69 56 94
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
14 112 103 32
CYTB (size: 1143 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 25 (6.58%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 25 (6.58%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 23 (6.05%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 28 (7.37%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (1.05%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (4.47%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 69 (18.16%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 29 (7.63%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 25 (6.58%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 28 (7.37%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.68%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 7 (1.84%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 7 (1.84%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 20 (5.26%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 13 (3.42%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.63%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
5 24 8 7 19 32 4 6 7 1 2 8 7 0 3 25
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 2 2 1 17 7 0 3 10 11 1 1 15 9 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
16 7 2 2 11 8 1 0 1 0 14 1 1 5 15 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
9 7 0 2 5 8 2 3 1 4 0 0 0 1 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
81 116 97 87
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
49 100 80 152
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
14 192 132 43
ND1 (size: 966 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 13 (4.05%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 29 (9.03%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 29 (9.03%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 21 (6.54%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.31%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (4.05%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 62 (19.31%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 25 (7.79%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 16 (4.98%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 23 (7.17%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 17 (5.3%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 15 (4.67%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.49%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.25%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.43%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 12 (3.74%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 5 (1.56%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (0.62%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.18%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.49%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
6 19 11 10 19 24 3 6 5 0 0 4 9 0 4 13
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 1 5 12 12 0 3 6 1 3 3 11 9 0 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
8 6 1 3 13 8 0 0 5 5 10 1 0 4 8 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 8 3 1 3 7 0 1 2 4 1 1 0 0 0 7
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
70 94 87 71
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
36 97 56 133
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
17 136 118 51
ND2 (size: 1039 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 12 (3.48%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 29 (8.41%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 27 (7.83%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 52 (15.07%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 6 (1.74%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 64 (18.55%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 30 (8.7%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 23 (6.67%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 19 (5.51%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 14 (4.06%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 6 (1.74%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (2.61%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 12 (3.48%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (0.87%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 21 19 9 14 29 5 7 7 2 1 1 4 0 6 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 1 3 14 12 0 2 2 7 1 2 5 12 0 12
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
24 15 1 3 10 9 1 0 4 1 5 1 0 2 11 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 4 1 1 0 11 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
53 98 134 61
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
30 123 56 137
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
17 131 147 51
ND3 (size: 1039 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 12 (3.48%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 29 (8.41%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 27 (7.83%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 52 (15.07%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 6 (1.74%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 64 (18.55%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 30 (8.7%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 23 (6.67%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 19 (5.51%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 14 (4.06%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 6 (1.74%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (2.61%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 12 (3.48%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (0.87%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 21 19 9 14 29 5 7 7 2 1 1 4 0 6 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 1 3 14 12 0 2 2 7 1 2 5 12 0 12
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
24 15 1 3 10 9 1 0 4 1 5 1 0 2 11 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 4 1 1 0 11 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
53 98 134 61
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
30 123 56 137
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
17 131 147 51
ND4 (size: 1378 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 30 (6.55%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 36 (7.86%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 51 (11.14%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.66%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 101 (22.05%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 39 (8.52%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 28 (6.11%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 27 (5.9%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (2.84%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (2.84%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (2.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (1.75%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (3.28%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 13 (2.84%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 16 (3.49%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 27 24 10 27 44 11 8 12 1 5 3 2 0 4 9
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 1 2 5 13 12 0 2 9 7 0 4 16 7 0 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
24 19 1 3 12 11 1 1 8 2 11 4 1 1 14 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
13 6 2 0 4 10 1 1 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
70 159 153 77
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
53 135 80 191
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
26 195 177 61
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 10 (10.2%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 12 (12.24%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (8.16%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 22 (22.45%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
0 3 5 1 2 15 0 4 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 1 2 2 5 3 0 1 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
5 1 1 3 4 2 0 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 3 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
21 30 23 25
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
14 29 18 38
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
3 40 42 14
ND5 (size: 1818 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 31 (5.12%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 50 (8.26%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 51 (8.43%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 69 (11.4%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 5 (0.83%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 14 (2.31%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 113 (18.68%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 53 (8.76%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 29 (4.79%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 29 (4.79%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 28 (4.63%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (2.15%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (1.82%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 8 (1.32%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 14 (2.31%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 25 (4.13%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 19 (3.14%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 14 (2.31%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 21 (3.47%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.32%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 41 28 13 33 49 9 9 16 3 1 8 4 1 8 20
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 2 3 5 29 15 1 1 15 15 0 6 11 11 1 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
29 33 2 7 19 13 1 1 10 0 13 2 0 3 22 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
11 12 2 2 6 20 1 1 2 5 0 1 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
117 174 209 106
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
67 188 114 237
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
24 272 240 70
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 31 (17.92%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 12 (6.94%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 35 (20.23%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 24 (13.87%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 15 (8.67%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 0 (0%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 0 2 3 0 0 0 9 0 0 15 0 2 18 12 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 2 0 3 0 0 7 10 1 1 19 2 0 0 2 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 1 1 5 1 1 3 2 0 6 1 2 12 1 0 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 2 1 4 0 0 1 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 3
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
83 12 18 61
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
45 29 17 83
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
75 6 21 72
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11385 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 222 (5.85%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 288 (7.59%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 284 (7.49%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 350 (9.23%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 26 (0.69%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 170 (4.48%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 679 (17.9%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 288 (7.59%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 179 (4.72%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 218 (5.75%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 215 (5.67%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 113 (2.98%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 106 (2.79%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 65 (1.71%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 94 (2.48%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 131 (3.45%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 94 (2.48%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 107 (2.82%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 84 (2.21%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 71 (1.87%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
74 214 145 77 177 288 42 79 84 10 35 60 52 23 57 158
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
34 10 16 43 147 87 11 35 73 83 31 31 92 90 5 56
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
153 131 10 33 109 77 13 5 47 25 88 13 16 24 107 24
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
83 77 17 17 48 77 7 12 16 38 5 2 1 5 2 93
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
839 1074 1087 794
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
480 1088 695 1531
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
240 1588 1408 558

>NC_026459.1 Streptopelia chinensis mitochondrion, complete genome
GTCTCTGTAGCTTACAATCAAAGCATGGCACTGAAGATGCCAAGACGGCCTCACACCCACCCAGGGACAA
AAGACTTAGTCCTAACCTTACCATTAGTTCTTGCTAGACATATACATGCAAGTATCCGCGCCCCAGTGTA
AATGCCCTTGCTCCCTACACCGTAGGCAAAAGGAGCTGGTATCAGGCACGCCTACAGCAGCCCGAGACGC
CTTGCTTAGCCACACCCCCACGGGTACTCAGCAGTAATTAACATTAAGCAATAAGTGCAAACTTGACTTA
GTTATAGCAACTCAGGGTTGGTAAATCTTGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTCACACAAGAGACCCAAACTAATCG
TCTACGGCGTAAAGAGTGGACCCATGCCTATCACATTAATTAAGGCCAAAACGTAACTGAGCTGTCATAA
GCTTAAGATGCGCCTTAAACCGCCCTAAAGATGGCCCTAATTCATATGACTCACTAAACTCCACGAAAGC
CAGGACACAAACTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCCTGGCCCTAAATCTTGATGCCACATACAACCAAAG
CATCCGCCCGAGAACTACGAGCACAAACGCTTAAAACTCTAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCCCCAAACCCACCTA
GAGGAGCCTGTTCTATAATCGATAACCCACGATACACCCGACCACTTCTAGCCAAAAACAGCCTACATAC
CGCCGTCGCCAGCTCACCTCCTCTGAGAGTGCCACAGTGAGCACAATCGCCCTAACCTCGCTAACAAGAC
AGGTCAAGGTATAGCCTATGAAGTGGCAGAAATGGGCTACATTTTCTAGCTTAGAAAACCCACGAAAAGG
GGCATGAAAGAGCCCCTAGAAGGCGGATTTAGCAGTAAAGCGGGACAATATAAGCCCCCTTTAAGCTGGC
TCTGAGGCACGTACATACCGCCCGTCACCCTCCTCACAAGCTCTAAACCCAATAAATAATACACCCACTT
GCTAAAGATGAGGTAAGTCGTAACAAGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTAGCACACCAAGACGTAGCT
ATAATATAAAAGCATTCAGCTTACACCTGAAAGATACCTGCCGCACATCAGGTCGTCTTGAAGCCAACTC
TAGCCCAACCCCACACAACCAGGGATAGCATAAAAATCCACTAAACCATAAAACCAAAACATTCTTCCAA
CCCAGTATAGGCGATAGAAAGGTCATTAGGCGCTATAGAGATCCGTACCGTAAGGGAAAGGTGAAATAGC
AATGAACAAGCCAAGCAATGAACAGCAAAGATAAACCCTTGTACCTCTTGCATCATGATTTAGCCAGAAA
TAACCAAGCAAAGCGGACTTAAGCTTGCCACCCCGAAACCCAAGCGAGCTACTTGTAAGCAGCTACACCT
GAGCGAACCCGTCTCTGTTGCAAAAGAGTGGGACGACTTACTAGTAGAGGTGAAAAGCCAATCGAGCTGG
GTGATAGCTGGTTACCTGTAAAACGAATCTAAGTTCAGCCTTGATACCTCCTCCAGGAACCCTCAACCAC
CCCAATGAAAGCTATCAAGAGCAATTTAAAGGGGGTACAGCCCCTTTAAAAAAGGATACAACCTCCCCTA
GCGGATAATTAATAGCCATTTCTCCATAACAATTGTGGGCCTTTAAGCAGCCACCAACAAAGAATGCGTC
AAAGCTCCCTCTACAAAAATCCTAAATTCATATGACTCCCTTCTCACTAACAGGTCAACCTATATCTATA
GGAGAATTAATGCTAAAATGAGTAACTAGGGTAAACCCCTCTCAAGCGCAAACTTACATTCACACATTAT
TAACAGATACCTAATACTCGCACTACGACAAGACCACATATTTCACCCTCTGTTACCCCAACCCAGGAGC
GCCCACTAGAAAGATTAAAATCTGTAAAAGGAACTAGGCAAATCTCAAGGCCCGACTGTTTACCAAAAAC
ATAGCCTTCAGCTAAACCAAGTATTGAAGGTGATGCCTGCCCAGTGACCCATGTTCAACGGCCGCGGTAT
CCTAACCGTGCGAAGGTAGCGCAATCAATTGTCTCATAAATCGAGACTTGTATGAATGGCTAAACGAGGT
CTCAACTGTCTCTTACGGATAATCAGTGAAATTGATCTTCCCGTGCAAAAGCAGGAATAAACACATAAGA
CGAGAAGACCCTGTGGAACTTAAAAATCAGCAGCCACCTCACAACAAAGCTCAACCTACTAGGCTTACCA
CTAACAAGATGCTGGCTTGCATTTTTTCGGTTGGGGCGACCTTGGAGAAAAACGAATCCTCCAAAAATAA
GACCACCCCCTCTTAACTAAGAGCAACCCCTCAACGTGCTAACAGTAACCAGACCCAATATAATTGATCA
ATGGACCAAGCTACCCCAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCTCCTCCAAGAGCCCCTATCGACGAGGAGGTTTACG
ACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGATTAAC
AGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGCAATCCAGGTCGGTTTCTATCTATGTCGAACTTTTCCTAG
TACGAAAGGACCGGAAAAGTAGGGCCAATGCTTCAGCGCACGCCCTCTCCCTAAGTAATGAACTCAACTA
AATTACAAAGAGACCCCACACAACACCCAATCCTAGAAAAGGGCCGCTAGCGTGGCAGAGTTCGGTAAAT
GCAAAAGGCTTAAGCCCTTTACCCAGAGGTTCAAGTCCTCTCCCTAGCTCACTATCGTCCATGATCATAG
CCTACCTTATCATGTCATTATCATACGCAGTACCAATCCTGATCGCCGTAGCATTCTTAACACTAGTAGA
ACGGAAAGTCCTAAGCTATATACAAGCTCGAAAAGGCCCAAACATCGTAGGGCCTTTTGGACTCCTACAA
CCAGCAGCAGATGGTATTAAACTATTCATCAAAGAGCCTATCCGCCCCTCCACCTCCTCCCCAATTCTTT
TTATCATAACCCCCATACTAGCTCTTCTTCTAGCCATCACAATTTGAATTCCCCTCCCCCTCCCCTTCTC
TCTCACTGACCTTAACCTAGGTCTCCTCTTTCTCCTAGCCATGTCAAGCCTGGCAGTATATTCCATCCTA
TGATCCGGGTGAGCCTCTAACTCAAAATACGCACTCATTGGCGCATTACGAGCAGTAGCACAAACTATCT
CCTACGAGGTCACATTAGCTATTATCCTCCTATCCGTAATCGTACTAAGCGGGAACTACACCCTCAACAC
GCTCGCCACTACCCAAGAACCCATATACCTCATCTTCTCCTCCTGGCCCCTCATAATAATATGATACATC
TCCACCCTTGCCGAAACTAATCGAGCCCCATTTGACCTCACAGAAGGCGAATCCGAACTAGTCTCAGGCT
TCAATGTAGAATATGCCGCAGGTCCATTCACCCTTTTCTTCCTAGCCGAATACGCAAACATCATACTAAT
AAACACTATAACTGCCATCTTATTCCTAAATCCAAGCTCATTAAACCTACCCTCAGAGCTATTCCCCCTA
GTCCTAGCTACAAAAACCCTTCTGCTCTCCTCAGGCTTCCTTTGAATCCGTGCCTCTTATCCACGATTCC
GCTACGACCAACTCATGCACCTCCTCTGAAAAAATTTCCTACCCCTAACACTAGCTCTATGCCTCTGACA
CACCAGCATGCCCATCTCCTATGCAGGCCTTCCACCTTACCTAAGAAACATGCCCTAGAAAAGGAAATGT
GCCTGAACTTAAGGGTCACTATGATAAAGTGAACATAGAGGTACACTAGCCCTCTCATTTCCTTCACCTT
AGAAAAGCAGGATTCGAACCTACACAAAAGAGATCAAAACTCCTTATACTTCCTCTATATTATTTTCTAG
CAGGGTCAGCTAACAAAGCTATCGGGCCCATACCCCGAAAATGATGGTTTAACTCCTTCCCCTACTAATG
AACCCACACGCAATATTAATCTCAGCCCTAAGCCTGCTCCTAGGAACAACTATCACCATTTCAAGCAACC
ACTGAGTTATAGCCTGGACTGGACTAGAAATTAACACCCTCGCAATCATCCCCTTTATCTCAAAACCACA
CCACCCACGAGCTATCGAAGCTACTATCAAATACTTCCTAGTACAAGCAGCAGCATCAGCCCTACTTCTG
TTTTCAAGCATGTCCAATGCTTGAACCACCGGACAATGAGATATCACTCAACTTACCCACCCAACATCGT
GCATTCTACTTACAATTGCCATTGCCATAAAACTGGGACTAGTACCATTTCACTTTTGATTTCCTGAAGT
ACTCCAAGGTACATCCATAACCACTGCACTACTACTATCCACAGTCCTAAAACTCCCCCCAATCACCATC
CTTCTCATAACATCCCACTCACTAAACCCAATTCTACTAACCACTTTAGCCATCTCTTCCGCAGCCCTAG
GGGGTTGAATAGGACTAAACCAAACTCAAATCCGAAAAATCTTAGCCTTCTCCTCCATCTCTCACATAGG
ATGAATAGCAATCATTACTATCTTCAACCCAAGCCTCACCTTATTAACTTTCTACCTCTATACCTTAATA
ACCTCCGCCGTATTCCTAACCCTTAACACAACCAAGGCCCTGAAACTAACGACAATAATAACCTCATGAA
CAAAAACCCCCATACTAAACGCAACCCTAATGATAACCCTGCTATCACTAGCAGGCCTCCCACCACTAAC
AGGCTTCCTACCCAAATGATTCATCATTCAAGAGCTTACTAAACAGGAAATAACCCTAGCAGCCACAATC
ATGGCCATACTCTCCCTACTTGGACTATTCTTTTACCTCCGCCTTGCATACTACTCAACAATCACTTTAC
CACCCAACACCACAAACCACATAAAACAGTGACACACTAATAAAACCACAAACACCATAATTGCCATCCT
AACCTCTATAGCCACCCTACTCCTCCCACTCTCCCCTATAATCCTCACAACCCTTTAGAAACTTAGGATC
GACCTAAACCAAAGGCCTTCAAAGCCTTAAACAAGAGTTAAACCCTCTTAGTTTCTGCTAAAGTCCGCAG
GACACTAACCTGCATCCTCTGAATGCAACTCAGATACTTTAATTAAGCTAGAACCTTGACTAGACAGATG
GGCCTCGATCCCATAAACTCCTGGTTAACAGCCAGACGCCCAAACCAACAGGCTTCTATCTAAGACTCCG
GCACTCTTATCGTGCATCAATGAGCTTGCAACTCAACATGAAACTTTCACTACAGAGTCGATAAGAAGAG
GAATTTAACCTCTGTAAAAAGGACTACAGCCTAACGCTTAAAACACTCAGCCATCTTACCTGTGACCTCA
ATCAATCGATGATTATTCTCCACCAATCACAAAGACATCGGCACCCTATACCTAATCTTCGGCGCATGAG
CTGGCATAGCTGGCACTGCACTTAGCCTGCTCATCCGAGCAGAACTAGGACAACCCGGTACCCTCCTAGG
AGATGACCAAATCTATAACGTTATTGTTACAGCCCATGCTTTCGTAATAATCTTCTTCATAGTTATACCA
ATCATAATCGGAGGCTTTGGTAACTGACTAGTCCCCCTCATAATTGGTGCCCCCGACATAGCATTCCCAC
GGATAAACAACATAAGCTTCTGACTACTCCCCCCATCCTTCCTACTCCTCCTAGCCTCCTCCACAGTCGA
AGCTGGTGTAGGAACAGGGTGAACCGTATACCCCCCTCTAGCCGGTAACCTAGCCCATGCCGGAGCCTCC
GTAGACCTTGCCATCTTCTCCCTCCACCTTGCTGGTGTCTCATCCATCCTAGGAGCCATCAATTTTATCA
CAACCGCCATCAACATAAAACCACCAGCCCTCTCACAATACCAAACCCCACTATTCGTCTGATCAGTCCT
CATTACTGCAGTCCTCCTCCTTCTATCCCTCCCAGTCCTTGCTGCCGGCATCACAATACTGCTTACAGAC
CGAAATCTGAACACCACCTTCTTCGACCCTGCTGGCGGAGGTGACCCAGTACTATATCAACATCTATTCT
GATTCTTCGGCCACCCCGAAGTTTACATCCTAATTCTACCAGGATTCGGAATCATCTCCCACGTAGTCGC
CTACTACGCAGGCAAAAAAGAGCCCTTCGGCTACATAGGCATAGTATGAGCCATGTTATCTATTGGATTC
CTAGGCTTTATTGTCTGAGCTCACCATATATTTACAGTTGGCATAGACGTAGATACTCGAGCCTATTTCA
CATCAGCCACCATAATCATTGCCATCCCAACGGGCATTAAAGTCTTCAGCTGACTTGCCACACTCCACGG
CGGAACTATCAAATGGGATCCCCCCATACTATGAGCCCTAGGCTTCATTTTCCTATTCACTATTGGAGGT
TTAACAGGAATTGTCCTGGCAAACTCCTCCCTAGACATCGCCCTCCACGACACATACTATGTAGTTGCCC
ACTTCCACTATGTCCTCTCAATAGGAGCCGTCTTTGCCATTCTAGCAGGATTTACCCACTGATTCCCACT
ATTTACTGGATACACCCTCAATTCCACATGAGCCAAAGCTCACTTCGGAGTCATATTCACTGGTGTCAAC
CTAACATTCTTCCCCCAACACTTCCTCGGCCTTGCTGGTATGCCACGACGATACTCGGACTACCCAGACG
CCTACACCCTATGAAACACCATCTCCTCTATCGGATCCTTAATCTCAATAACAGCCGTAATCATACTAAT
ATTCATTGTCTGAGAAGCCTTCGCATCCAAACGCAAAGTATTACAACCAGAGCTTACCTCTACTAACATT
GAATGAATCCACGGCTGCCCACCCCCATACCATACCTTCGAAGAACCAGCCTTCGTCCAAGTACAAGAAA
GGAAGGAATCGAACCCTCGTACGCTGGTTTCAAGCCAACCGCATCAAACCACTTATGCTTCTTTCTTATG
AGACGTTAGTAAACCCATTACATAGCCTTGTCAAGACTAAATCACAGGTGAAAACCCTGTACCTCTCACC
ATGGCCAACCACTCACAATTCGGGTTTCAAGATGCCTCATCCCCCATCATAGAAGAACTTATCGAATTCC
ACGACCATGCTTTAATGGTTGCCCTAGCAATCTGCAGCCTAGTCCTCTATCTCCTAACACTAATACTGAT
AGAAAAACTATCTTCAAACACCGTAGACGCTCAAGAAGTCGAACTAATCTGGACAATCCTACCAGCCATC
GTCCTCATCCTACTGGCTCTTCCATCACTACAGATCCTCTACATAATGGACGAAATCGACGAACCAGACC
TCACCCTAAAAGCCATCGGACATCAATGATACTGATCCTACGAATACACAGACTTCATAGACCTAACATT
CGACTCCTACATAGTCCCCACAACAGAACTCCCACCAGGACACTTCCGTCTACTAGAAGTAGACCACCGT
ATTGTCGTCCCTATGGAATCCCCAATCCGCATCATCGTCACCGCCGATGACGTCTTACACTCCTGAGCAG
TCCCTTCCCTGGGAGTAAAAACCGACGCAATTCCTGGGCGACTAAACCAAACATCGTTCATCACTACCCG
GCCAGGAATCTTCTATGGCCAATGCTCAGAAATCTGTGGAGCTAACCACAGCTACATGCCTATCGTGGTA
GAATCAACTCCACTCACCCATTTCGAATCCTGATCCACACTATTATCCTCCTAATCATTAAGAAGCTATA
TACCAGCGCTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAGAGACTGAGGATCGCCCGCCCTCCTTAATGACATGCCCCAATTAAA
CCCAAGCCCATGATTCTTCATCATAGTCCTATCCTGACTAACTTTCTCCTTAATCATCCAACCCAAACTC
CTATCATTCACCCCTATCAACCCCCCATCTAGCAAAGTCCTAGCCACTACAAAATCAACACCCTGAACCT
GACCATGAACCTAAGCTTCTTTGATCAATTTACAAGCCCGTGCCTCCTAGGAATCCCACTAATTCTTTTT
TCAATACTATTCCCCGCACTACTACTCCCGTCGCCCAACAACCGCTGAATTACTAACCGATTATCTACTC
TCCAACTCTGACGCTTCCACCTAATCACAAAGCAACTAATAATCCCATTAAACAAAAACGGACATAAATG
AGCCCTACTTTTAACTTCCCTAATAATCCTTCTACTCATAATTAACCTCCTAGGTCTCTTACCATACACA
TTCACCCCAACCACTCAACTATCGATAAACATAGCCCTAGCATTCCCCCTCTGACTAGCTACTCTTCTCA
CAGGCCTACGCAACCAGCCCTCAATCGCTCTAGGCCACCTGTTACCTGAAGGCACACCCACACCACTAAT
CCCAGCCCTAATCATGATCGAAACAACCAGCCTATTAATCCGCCCATTAGCCCTAGGAGTCCGCCTCACA
GCCAATCTCACAGCAGGCCACCTCCTCATCCAACTTATTTCCACAGCTACAACTGCCCTCCTCCCCATCA
TACCTACAGTCTCACTCCTAACCGCATTAATCCTATTCCTCTTGACCATACTAGAGGTAGCAGTTGCCAT
AATCCAAGCCTACGTCTTTGTTCTGCTTCTAAGCCTCTACTTACAAGAAAACATCTAATGGCCCACCAAG
CCCACTCCTACCACATAGTAGACCCAAGCCCCTGACCCATTCTAGGAGCAACAGCCGCCTTACTCACCAC
ATCAGGATTGATCATATGATTCCACTACAACACCTCATATCTCCTCACCTTAGGACTTCTTTCCATACTC
CTAGTAATACTACAATGATGACGTGACATTGTGCGAGAAAGCACCTTCCAAGGACATCACACCCCTACCG
TACAAAAAGGCCTACGATACGGAATAATCCTGTTTATCACATCAGAAGCATTCTTCTTCCTCGGTTTCTT
CTGAGCATTCTTTCACTCCAGCCTAGCCCCCACCCCAGAACTAGGAGGACAGTGACCCCCTACAGGGATT
AATCCACTAAACCCTATAGAAGTCCCCCTATTAAACACAGCCATCCTACTTGCCTCTGGCGTTACCGTCA
CATGAGCGCACCACAGCATCACTGAGAGCAACCGAAAACAAGCGATCCAAGCACTCGCACTAACCATTTT
ACTAGGGTTCTACTTCACAGCACTTCAAGCCACAGAATACTACGAAGCACCTTTCTCCATCGCCGATGGG
GTGTATGGCTCAACCTTTTTCGTCGCTACAGGATTCCATGGCCTACACGTCATCATTGGATCCTCATTCC
TCTTAATCTGCCTACTACGACTAATCAAATACCACTTTACATCGAACCACCACTTCGGATTTGAAGCGGC
AGCCTGATACTGACACTTCGTAGACATTATCTGATTATTCCTCTACATAACCATTTACTGATGAGGATCA
TGCTCTTCTAGTATATTAATTACAATCGACTTCCAATCCTTAAAATCTGGTGAAACCCCAGAGAAGAGTA
ATTAACATAGTCACATTCATATTCACCTTATCCCTCATCCTATCCATCCTCCTAACCACATTAAATTTTT
GACTCGCCCAAATAAACCCAGACCTAGAAAAACTATCGCCATATGAGTGTGGTTTCGACCCCCTAGGGTC
CGCCCGACTCCCCTTCTCAATCCGATTTTTCCTCAGTAGCCATCCTCTTCCTCCTTTTCGACCTAGAGAT
CGCCCTCCTCCTTCCCCTCCCATGAGCTAGCCAACTTCAATCCCCCGTTACCACACTCACCTGAACCTCC
ATTCTCATCCTCTTACTAACCTTAGGCTTAATCTATGAATGAATGCAAGGAGGACTAGAATGAGCAGAGT
AGTAGAAAGTTAGTCTAAACAAGACAGTTGATTTCGACTCAACAGACCATAGCTCATCCCTATGACTTTC
TTCATGTCTCTCTTACACTTAAGCTTCTACTCCGCCTTCACCCTAAGTGGTCTAGGATTAGCCTTTCACC
GAACCCATCTAATCTCCGCCCTACTATGTCTAGAGAGCATAATACTATCCATATACCTAGCTCTATCTAT
CTGACCCATCGAAAACCAAGCAACGTCCTTCACCCTAACCCCCGTACTTATACTAACCTTCTCAGCATGC
GAAGCAGGAGCTGGCCTAGCCATACTAGTAGCCTCTACACGAACTCATGGCTCAGACCACCTACATAACC
TAAACCTCTTACAATGCTAAAAATCATCCTCCCCACTATTATACTCATCCCTACAGCCCTCCTATCGCCC
AAGAAATTTTTATGGACAAACACCACCACATACGGTCTCCTAATTGCCACCCTAAGCCTCCAATGGTTAC
TTCCATCATACTACCCACACAAAAACACAACCCCATGAACCGGTATCGACCAAATCTCATCCCCACTACT
AGTTCTATCCTGTTGGCTCCTACCCCTTATAATCATGGCAAGCCAAAATCACCTTCAACACGAGCCCCTC
ATACGTAAACGAATCTTCATCACAACACTGGTTACAGTCCAACCCTTCATCCTCCTAGCCTTCTCATCAA
CCGAACTAATGCTATTTTACATCACATTCGAGGCAACCCTAATCCCCACCCTAATCCTCATCACACGATG
AGGAAACCAGCCTGAACGCTTAAGTGCTGGCATTTACCTATTATTTTACACTCTCATCAGCTCCCTCCCC
CTACTAGTTGTAATACTGTACCTACATATACAAATCGGCACCCTGCAACTCACAATACTCAAACTGACCC
ACCCTACCCTCAACAACTCCTGAACTGACCTCCTATCAAGCCTCGCATTACTTATAGCATTCATAGTAAA
AGCTCCCCTATATGGCCTACACCTATGGTTACCCAAAGCCCACGTCGAAGCACCCATCGCAGGATCAATA
TTACTCGCCGCCCTACTCCTTAAACTAGGCGGCTATGGCATTATACGAGTTACCCTCCTGATAAACCCAA
CCTCCAACCACCTGCACTACCCATTCATCACCTTGGCCTTATGAGGAGCCCTAATAACCAGCTCAATCTG
CCTACGCCAAACTGACCTTAAATCCCTCATTGCTTACTCCTCCGTCAGCCACATAGGCCTAGTTATCGCT
GCAAGCATAATTCAAACTCACTGAGCATTCTCAGGCGCAATAATCCTTATAATCTCCCATGGACTAACCT
CCTCCATACTATTCTGCCTGGCTAACACAAACTACGAACGAACACACAGCCGAATCCTACTTCTAACACG
CGGCCTACAACCCATTCTACCCCTAATAGCCACCTGATGACTCCTAGCCAACCTTACCAACATAGCCCTA
CCCCCAACAACAAACCTAATAGCAGAACTAACAATTATAATCGCACTATTCAACTGATCTACGCCCACAA
TTATTCTAACCGGAATCGCAACCCTACTAACCGCCTCATACACCCTGTTTATGCTGCTGATAACTCAACG
AGGAACCCTACCCACCCACATTACATCTATCCAAAACTCAACTACACGAGAACATCTCCTCATATCCCTC
CACATCCTCCCCATACTACTCCTTATCCTAAAACCTGACCTGATTTCTGGAGCCCTCTCATGCAAGTATA
GTTTAACCCAAACATTAGACTGTGATTCTAAAAATAGAAGTTAGACCCTTCTTACCTGCCGAGGGGAGGT
TCAACCAACAAGAACTGCTAATTCCTGTATCTGAGTCTAAAACCTCAGCCCCCTTACTTTTAAAGGATAA
CAGTAATCCACTGGTCTTAGGAACCATCCATCTTGGTGCAAATCCAAGTAAAAGTAGTGGAACCTGCCCT
ACTCCTCAACACCTCTATCCTCCTGACACTTACAATTATCCTCACACCCATCCTACTCCCACTCATATCA
AAAAACTTCCTAAACACACCAGCCACCATCACACACACTGTCAAAATCGCATTCCTAGCAAGCCTAGTAC
CAATAACACTATTCATATACTCAGGCTCAGAGAGCATCATCTCCCATCTGGAATGAAAATTTATCATAAA
CTTTAAAATCCCTATCAGCCTCAAAATAGATCAGTACTCCCTAATATTCCTCCCCATCGCCCTGCTTGTA
ACATGGTCCATCCTCCAATTTGCAACATGATACATAAGCACAGAGCCCTACATCACAAAATTCTTCTCCT
ACCTCCTAATATTCCTAATCGCCATACTGACATTAACCATCGCCAATGACATATTCCTTCTATTCATCGG
CTGAGAAGGCGTCGGAATCATGTCATTCCTACTAATCGGCTGATGGCAGGGCCGAGCAGAAGCCAACACA
GCCGCCCTCCAAGCTGTCCTTTACAACCGAATTGGAGACATCGGCCTAGTCCTAAGCATAGCCTGACTTG
CCTCTACCATAAACACCTGAGAAATCCAACAAACCACCTCACCCACCCAAACACCCACCCTCCCCCTGCT
AGGCCTCATTCTAGCCGCTACAGGAAAATCTGCCCAATTTGGACTTCATCCGTGACTACCTGCCGCCATA
GAAGGCCCCACTCCAGTCTCCGCCCTACTCCACTCCAGCACAATAGTAGTAGCAGGAATCTTCTTACTTA
TCCGCACCCACCCATTACTAGCCTCTAATCAAACCGCTCTAACCCTATGCCTCTGTCTAGGAGCCCTATC
AACACTATTCGCCGCAACATGTGCCCTCACACAAAATGACATCAAGAAAATCATTGCTTTTTCCACATCA
AGTCAACTGGGCTTAATAATAGTTACAATCGGACTTAACCTCCCCCAACTAGCCTTCCTTCACATCTCAA
CCCACGCCTTCTTCAAAGCCATACTCTTCCTATGCTCAGGATCCATCATCCACAGCCTCAACGGAGAACA
GGACATTCGAAAAATAGGATCACTACAAAAACTCCTACCAACAACCACCTCCTGCCTAACTATCGGCAAC
CTGGCCTTAATAGGAACTCCATTTCTAGCAGGATTCTACTCAAAAGACCTCATCATTGAAAGCCTAAACA
CATCCTACCTAAACACGTGAGCACTTCTATTAACCCTTCTTGCCACATCCTTCACTGCAACCTACACCCT
CCGCATAACCCTACTAGTCCAAACAGGATTTACCCGTACACCTTCAATCACCCCAGCAAACGAAAACAAC
CAAGCAGTCACCGCCCCAATCACCCGACTCGCACTAGGTAGCATTATAGCAGGCCTACTCATCACATCCT
ACATCCTCCCTACAAAAACACCACCCATAACCATACCTACACTCACAAAAACCGCGGCTATCATTGTCAC
AATCCTAGGCATTGCCTTAGCCCTAGAACTCTCCAACATAACACACATACTAACCCACCCCAAACAAAAC
AACCTATTAAACTTCTCCTCCTCCCTAGGCTACTTCAACCCCCTAACCCACCGACTCAGCTCCACAAACC
TCCTACTCTCCGGACAAAAAATTGCCTCGCACTTAATTGACCTATCTTGATACAAAAAAATAGGCCCAGA
AGGACTAGCAGATCTCCAACTCATAATAACCAAAACCTCAATCAACCTGCACACGGGCCTGATCAAAGCC
TACCTAGAATCTTTTGCACTATCCATCCTCATTATCATCCTATCTCTTCATAGACCCAAAACCTAATGGC
CCCAAACCTACGTAAACATCACCCCCTATTAAAAATAGTCAACAACTCCATAATCGATCTGCCAACCCCT
TCAAACATCTCCGCCTGATGAAACTTCGGATCCTTACTGGGCATCTGCCTACTAACTCAAATCCTAACCG
GCTTACTACTCGCCGCACATTACACCGCAGACACCACCCTAGCCTTCTCGTCTGTTGCCCACACCTGTCG
AAACGTACAATACGGCTGACTAATCCGAAACCTCCACGCAAACGGAGCCTCATTTTTCTTCATCTGCATC
TACCTACACATCGGACGAGGGCTTTACTACGGCTCCTACCTATACAAAGAAACCTGAAACACAGGAGTCA
TTCTGCTGCTAACCCTCATAGCCACAGCCTTCGTAGGATACGTCCTACCCTGAGGTCAAATATCATTCTG
AGGTGCCACAGTCATTACCAACCTATTCTCAGCCGTCCCCTACATCGGCCAAACCCTCGTCGAATGGGCC
TGAGGCGGATTCTCAGTAGACAACCCCACGTTAACACGATTCTTCACCCTTCACTTCCTCCTCCCCTTCC
TAATCGCAGGCCTCACCATCATCCACCTCACCTTCCTACACGAATCAGGATCAAATAATCCACTAGGTAT
CTCCTCCGACTGTGATAAAATCCCATTCCACCCCTACTTCTCCCTTAAAGACATCCTCGGCTTCATACTA
ATATTCCTCCCCCTAATAACCCTAGCCCTATTCTCCCCCAACCTTCTAGGAGACCCAGAAAATTTCACGC
CCGCAAACCCACTAGTCACACCACCCCATATCAAGCCAGAATGATACTTTTTATTCGCATACGCCATCCT
CCGCTCCATCCCCAATAAACTAGGCGGAGTATTGGCATTAGCTGCCTCAGTACTAATCCTATTTCTAACT
CCCCTTCTCCACAAATCCAAGCAACGTACAATAACCTTCCGTCCCCTCTCTCAGCTCCTATTCTGAATTC
TAGTTGCCAACCTCCTCATCCTAACATGAGTAGGAAGCCAACCCGTAGAACATCCATTCATCATCATTGG
CCAACTAGCCTCCCTCACCTACTTCATTATCCTCCTTATCCTCTTCCCCACTGTCGGAGCCCTAGAAAAT
AAACTACTTAACTACTAACTCTAATAGTTTATAAAAACATCGGTCTTGTAAACCGAAGAATGAAGGCCAT
CCCCCTTCTTAGAGTTTATCCTATCAGAAAGGAGGGAATTAAACCCCCGCCTCCAACTCCCAAAGCTGGT
ATTCTATACTAAACTACCTTCTGACCCCCCCCCCTACACCGCCCGAATCGCACCACGAGACAACCCACGA
ACAACCTCTAACACCACAAATAACGTAAGCAATAACCCTCACCCCGCTGTTAAAAACATGCCAGCCCCAC
ATGAATAAAACATAGCTACACCACTAAAATCCAACCGAACAGAAAATATCCCCCCACCATCAACAGTCAC
CACCCCCAACTTTCACCCTTCAACAAAACCCCCTACAACAACTCCCACCACCAACACCACAACAAACCCT
AAACCATACCCCATAACACGCCAATCCCCTCAAGCTTCCGGGAACGGATCCGCCGCTAAAGACACCGAGT
ACACGAACACCACTAACATACCCCCCAAATAAACCATGAACAAAACAAGCGATATAAACGACACACCCAA
ACTCAACAACCACCCACAACCAGTAACAGACGCCACCACCAACCCAACAACCCCATAATAAGGGGAAGGA
TTAGACGCCACCCCCAACCCACCTAAAACAAAACCAAACCCTAAAAAAAGCACAAAATAAGTCATAGCAG
TTTCTGCTTGGCTTTTCTCCAAGAACTACGGCCTGAAAAACCGCCGTTGTAGACTTCAACTACAGAAACA
CGAAAAACATAGGGCACAATGCAGGACCCCCCCCTACCCCCCCCCCCCCTGCATTCGTGCCCTATGTACT
ACAGTGCATCGATTTATTTTCCATATTCATGAACCTCATACGTTCTAGATTCAACATGCCATGCAGTAAC
ATGAACCATAAACTTATACCCGCGCAAATTATCTTTTTCCAAGTCTCAACCCCACATAAACCTCAGACGT
TCCATTAATATCTGCACGCATTAAGGCATTCGTCCAACAAGACATACACTCCATCAACACATCTATCCGT
CCAGAGGACCAGGACTTAATGATACCTAGGACATAACGGGGTATTTCCTCGCACTAAACCCATACACAGT
TAACTTATGCATACCTCCAAATCACTACGGAAGTGCCTAAGTACATACCATGATTGGTACCGCCCATAAC
TTGAAATATCTCCTGAAGTACACAAAGCAGGGACCAGGTTATTTATTGATCTTACACCTCACGTGAAACC
AGCAACTCGACGCGAGAAGTATCCATCACGACTAGCTTCAGGCCCATTCTTTCCCCCTACACCCTAGCAC
GACTTGCTCTTTTGCGCCTCTGGTTCCTCGGTCAGGGCCATAACTTGTAGATTCCCGTGAAATTGCTCTT
CACAGATACATCTGGTTGGGGTCATATCTCACCATTTTAGTCCGTGATCGCGGCATTCCCCAATTCTGGC
GCCTTTGGTTCTTTTTCTCTCTCTCTCCCGCAGCTCGCCCCTCAAGTGCGGCGGGCGCATTGGTTTACAT
TCTGCACCTAAATTATGCGTTCTCAACTAATCTCGATCTCAGGTACCACTGGCGTTACGGCTTACGGATA
ACCGGTATCACCTTGACACTGATGCACTTTGTCTTCCATAACCGGGCTGAATGTCATGTATTACAGACAT
ATAGGACCTCCCCGCGCTGTGCGTCCTCCCTAAGACATTTGGCTTGGTGTGTCCGCAAGTCACTGTAAAG
TTGCCCTTAAATGAATGCTCGTAGGACATAAAATTTCATAAATTTACCCTATTCACACTTCCTAATTTTC
TAAATAACACTACTAGTTTTCTGTTAAACACTCAAAATATTGACCAATTTTCTTGTCAATTTCACTTTCA
TTTTCTTACTATTTGTACTAATTTTCATTAATAATTCATCAACAAATCTTCATTCGTCAAACAAACGAAC
GCTATTCTACTGACAAACCATTAATAATGCATCCAAATTTTCTATCCTTATCTTGTTAATCTTTCATCTC
ATTTGCACAAAATATTAACCAGTTTTAGACTACATTTTTTTAGCTCTGCTCACACATCATCTCCAAACAC
TTAAACCGATTCTAGCCTACAGACCCCCAACACGCAAGCAAACAGCCAAGCAGTAGTCAAACAGTGGTCA
AACAATTGCCAAACAATAGTCAAACA


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.