Viewing data for Gallinula chloropus


Scientific name Gallinula chloropus
Common name Common moorhen
Maximum lifespan 18.60 years (Gallinula chloropus@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 17027 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7602 9425 5329 2273 3960 5465
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 446 554 313 133 233 321
Base content (%) 44.6% 55.4%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11343 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5133 6210 3819 1314 2616 3594
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 453 547 337 116 231 317
Base content (%) 45.3% 54.7%
D-loop: No data available for this section.
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1545 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 643 902 387 256 389 513
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 416 584 250 166 252 332
Base content (%) 41.6% 58.4%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2549 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1147 1402 682 465 530 872
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 450 550 268 182 208 342
Base content (%) 45.0% 55.0%
12S rRNA gene (size: 969 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 459 510 279 180 189 321
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 474 526 288 186 195 331
Base content (%) 47.4% 52.6%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1580 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 688 892 403 285 341 551
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 435 565 255 180 216 349
Base content (%) 43.5% 56.5%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 307 377 246 61 170 207
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 449 551 360 89 249 303
Base content (%) 44.9% 55.1%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 63 105 54 9 44 61
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 375 625 321 54 262 363
Base content (%) 37.5% 62.5%
COX1 (size: 1548 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 740 808 494 246 369 439
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 478 522 319 159 238 284
Base content (%) 47.8% 52.2%
COX2 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 301 383 211 90 164 219
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 440 560 308 132 240 320
Base content (%) 44.0% 56.0%
COX3 (size: 784 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 356 428 244 112 207 221
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 454 546 311 143 264 282
Base content (%) 45.4% 54.6%
CYTB (size: 1143 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 531 612 394 137 271 341
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 465 535 345 120 237 298
Base content (%) 46.5% 53.5%
ND1 (size: 960 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 420 540 304 116 249 291
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 438 563 317 121 259 303
Base content (%) 43.8% 56.3%
ND2 (size: 1040 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 461 579 363 98 237 342
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 443 557 349 94 228 329
Base content (%) 44.3% 55.7%
ND3 (size: 352 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 163 189 123 40 88 101
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 463 537 349 114 250 287
Base content (%) 46.3% 53.7%
ND4 (size: 1368 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 614 754 477 137 297 457
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 449 551 349 100 217 334
Base content (%) 44.9% 55.1%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 138 159 101 37 66 93
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 465 535 340 125 222 313
Base content (%) 46.5% 53.5%
ND5 (size: 1811 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 803 1008 613 190 401 607
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 443 557 338 105 221 335
Base content (%) 44.3% 55.7%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 241 281 198 43 57 224
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 462 538 379 82 109 429
Base content (%) 46.2% 53.8%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (7.05%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 25 (11.01%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 61 (26.87%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 20 (8.81%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 7 (3.08%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
5 15 9 8 18 20 4 11 7 1 1 2 2 0 1 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 2 8 6 0 0 1 4 1 1 8 8 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 13 1 2 6 4 0 0 5 1 2 0 0 3 7 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 4 0 0 1 3 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
32 84 74 38
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
20 70 35 103
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
9 92 98 29
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPHPWFYTILMTWLTLSLIIQPKLSSFFTTNPILNKPIMSTKTHSWTWPWT*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 0 (0%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 9 (16.36%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 0 (0%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 7 (12.73%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 7 (12.73%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 0 (0%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
3 2 2 0 3 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
0 16 24 16
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
6 20 12 18
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
3 18 25 10
COX1 (size: 1548 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 47 (9.13%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 46 (8.93%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 28 (5.44%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 39 (7.57%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 35 (6.8%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 57 (11.07%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 41 (7.96%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 27 (5.24%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 31 (6.02%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (8.16%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 16 (3.11%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.3%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (1.94%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (1.75%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 22 (4.27%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.75%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
10 31 25 7 10 27 4 9 8 1 3 13 18 1 7 35
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 1 7 23 15 1 5 17 22 3 7 9 15 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
20 16 0 4 10 10 0 0 4 3 13 1 0 2 13 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
22 9 1 0 15 9 0 0 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 16
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
153 118 136 109
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
78 140 96 202
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
15 236 207 58
COX2 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 18 (7.93%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 15 (6.61%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 34 (14.98%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 12 8 3 9 18 1 3 7 0 0 6 8 0 3 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 1 2 3 6 5 0 1 3 4 0 3 3 8 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
5 9 0 3 8 5 0 0 2 2 6 0 0 0 5 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 14 0 6 8 4 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
64 65 55 44
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
23 59 61 85
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
3 87 103 35
COX3 (size: 784 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (7.31%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 21 (8.08%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 23 (8.85%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 21 (8.08%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.38%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 34 (13.08%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (6.92%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (2.69%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 25 (9.62%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.54%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 7 (2.69%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 17 (6.54%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (1.15%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
8 10 3 3 5 19 1 6 8 0 3 4 4 0 7 18
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 1 4 7 10 0 2 5 12 0 1 6 5 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 9 0 3 5 8 1 1 5 4 4 0 0 1 4 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
16 6 1 1 3 3 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
62 70 60 69
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
43 71 52 95
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
7 103 109 42
CYTB (size: 1143 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 25 (6.58%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 26 (6.84%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 24 (6.32%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 29 (7.63%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (3.42%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 63 (16.58%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 30 (7.89%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (2.89%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (7.37%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 28 (7.37%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (3.42%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 21 (5.53%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 14 (3.68%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.63%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
5 25 9 2 21 29 1 10 8 0 3 4 6 0 9 19
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 2 4 1 17 8 0 2 10 13 0 2 7 18 1 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 16 0 1 7 13 1 0 2 1 12 2 0 2 19 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
12 4 2 0 6 10 0 0 3 5 0 0 0 1 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
76 111 103 91
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
52 105 79 145
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
9 178 159 35
ND1 (size: 960 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 13 (4.08%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 26 (8.15%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 26 (8.15%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 26 (8.15%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.31%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 10 (3.13%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 65 (20.38%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 25 (7.84%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 13 (4.08%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (7.52%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 18 (5.64%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 16 (5.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.51%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.25%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (3.45%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 5 (1.57%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (0.63%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.19%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.51%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 18 12 7 17 27 3 11 5 0 2 1 7 0 6 12
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 1 1 9 15 1 0 4 7 2 4 6 14 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 15 0 3 7 10 1 0 5 7 9 3 0 2 9 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 8 3 0 4 6 1 1 2 5 0 0 1 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
64 93 88 75
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
36 97 56 131
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
16 114 147 43
ND2 (size: 1040 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 12 (3.48%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 29 (8.41%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 32 (9.28%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 45 (13.04%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 6 (1.74%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 67 (19.42%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 31 (8.99%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 15 (4.35%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.38%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (2.32%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (3.19%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (3.19%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 9 (2.61%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 14 (4.06%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.16%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
8 23 14 7 15 32 4 9 10 1 1 2 3 0 3 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 1 3 11 14 1 1 4 6 1 3 8 11 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
18 21 3 3 13 11 0 0 5 0 8 0 0 3 8 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 5 0 0 1 12 2 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
53 104 121 68
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
32 123 59 132
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
13 136 161 36
ND3 (size: 1040 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 12 (3.48%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 29 (8.41%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 32 (9.28%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 45 (13.04%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 6 (1.74%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 67 (19.42%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 31 (8.99%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 15 (4.35%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.38%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (2.32%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (3.19%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (3.19%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 9 (2.61%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 14 (4.06%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.16%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
8 23 14 7 15 32 4 9 10 1 1 2 3 0 3 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 1 3 11 14 1 1 4 6 1 3 8 11 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
18 21 3 3 13 11 0 0 5 0 8 0 0 3 8 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 5 0 0 1 12 2 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
53 104 121 68
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
32 123 59 132
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
13 136 161 36
ND4 (size: 1368 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (3.74%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 33 (7.25%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 32 (7.03%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 55 (12.09%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.66%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 6 (1.32%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 100 (21.98%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 39 (8.57%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 30 (6.59%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 27 (5.93%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (2.2%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (2.64%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (2.42%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 9 (1.98%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (3.3%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 15 (3.3%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 18 (3.96%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.98%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 12 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 32 27 7 24 51 3 15 13 2 1 2 3 0 3 7
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 3 2 11 19 1 1 9 5 2 3 6 17 1 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
23 23 0 3 6 13 1 0 9 1 11 2 0 0 15 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
17 9 0 0 2 9 0 0 5 5 2 1 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
67 157 158 74
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
53 138 80 185
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
17 182 219 38
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 8 (8.16%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 14 (14.29%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 10 (10.2%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 20 (20.41%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
0 2 4 0 4 11 0 5 4 0 0 3 1 0 0 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 2 0 4 4 0 0 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 4 0 0 2 8 0 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 3 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
20 27 26 26
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
14 30 18 37
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
3 44 49 3
ND5 (size: 1811 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 32 (5.32%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 44 (7.31%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 41 (6.81%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 77 (12.79%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 5 (0.83%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 14 (2.33%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 104 (17.28%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 54 (8.97%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 33 (5.48%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 26 (4.32%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 29 (4.82%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (2.33%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (1.99%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 6 (1.0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 14 (2.33%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 32 (5.32%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 18 (2.99%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 15 (2.49%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 25 (4.15%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.33%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
13 41 31 9 31 48 4 11 16 2 1 6 5 2 4 25
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 2 3 6 28 10 0 2 13 17 0 2 11 13 0 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
36 33 1 4 13 14 2 0 8 6 8 0 1 4 28 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
14 14 0 0 6 24 1 0 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
110 159 229 105
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
65 180 124 234
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
15 274 253 61
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 27 (15.61%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 9 (5.2%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 12 (6.94%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 35 (20.23%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 33 (19.08%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 0 (0%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
5 0 0 3 0 0 1 9 0 0 17 0 4 14 9 1
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 2 1 2 1 4 2 6 1 1 19 3 0 0 1 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 0 0 6 1 1 1 3 0 7 1 5 20 1 0 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 1 2 4 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
78 13 17 66
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
44 24 18 88
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
76 6 22 70
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11360 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 215 (5.68%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 278 (7.35%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 277 (7.32%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 366 (9.67%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 28 (0.74%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 155 (4.1%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 672 (17.76%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 299 (7.9%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 174 (4.6%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 223 (5.89%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 206 (5.44%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 111 (2.93%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 107 (2.83%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 61 (1.61%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 92 (2.43%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 135 (3.57%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 98 (2.59%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 115 (3.04%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 90 (2.38%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 73 (1.93%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
79 220 147 59 163 297 28 104 91 7 32 44 62 17 54 152
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
27 8 20 31 128 113 6 21 71 95 28 30 72 118 3 44
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
154 162 6 33 80 102 7 4 51 33 78 15 21 20 115 11
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
104 83 9 11 50 84 6 2 19 46 6 1 2 6 1 92
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
801 1056 1122 806
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
481 1089 709 1506
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
189 1521 1603 472 

>NC_015236.1 Gallinula chloropus mitochondrion, complete genome
ATGGCCCCAAACCCCCGAAAATACCACCCCTTACTTAAAATAATCAACAGCTCCCTAATCGACCTACCAA
CTCCACCAAATATCTCAACATGATGAAACTTTGGCTCCCTTCTAGGAATATGTTTAGTCACACAAATCCT
CACCGGACTACTCCTAGCCATACACTACACTGCAGACACAAACCTAGCCTTTTCATCAATCGCCCACACA
TGCCGCAACGTACAACACGGCTGATTACTCCGAAACCTGCACGCCAATGGAGCCTCATTCTTCTTCATCT
GCATCTACCTACACATCGGCCGAGGCTTTTACTACGGCTCCTACCTCTACAAAGAGACCTGAAACACAGG
AGTCATCCTATTACTCACCCTCATAGCCACTGCTTTCGTAGGCTGTGTTCTCCCATGAGGACAAATATCA
TTTTGAGGTGCCACAGTTATCACAAACCTATTTTCAGCCATCCCCTACATCGGACAAACACTCGTAGAAT
GAGCATGGGGCGGATTTTCCGTTGACAACCCAACACTAACCCGATTCTTCGCCCTCCACTTCCTCCTCCC
GTTCATCATCGCAGGCATAACCACAATCCACCTCACCTTCCTCCACGGACCTTGCTCAAACAACCCCCTA
GGAATCTCATCAAACTGCGACAAAATCCCATTCCACCCTTACTACTCCCTAAAAGACACCCTAGGATTTG
CCTCAATACTCATTCCACTCACAGCCCTAGCATTATTTTCACCAAACTTACTAGGCGACCCAGAAAACTT
TACCCCAGCAAACCCACTAATTACACCCCCACATATCAAACCAGAATGGTATTTCCTATTCGCATACGCC
ATCTTACGCTCGATCCCAAACAAACTAGGAGGAGTCCTAGCCTTAGCCGCCTCAGTACTAGTCCTATTCT
TATCCCCCCTCCTCCATAAATCTAAACAACGCACAATGACATTCCGACCCCTCTCCCAAATATTATTCTG
AATCCTAGTAGCCAACCTACTCATCCTAACATGAATTGGTAGCCAACCAGTAGAGCACCCATTCATCCTA
ATTGGCCAAACAGCATCATTCACCTACTTCACCATTCTCCTACTCCTATTCCCAATCATCGGAGCACTAG
AAAACAAAATACTAAACCACTAAATAATACTCTAATAGTTTATTAAAAACATTGGTCTTGTAAACCAAAA
ACTGAAGACTCACCCCTTCTTAGAGTATTCCCTCAGAAAAAAAGGACTTAAACCTTTATCTCCAACTCCC
AAAGCTGGCATTTTACATTAAAACTATTTTCTGTAACCCCCTAAACTGCCCGAATAGCCCCCCGACCCAA
CCCCCGTACAAGCTCTAACACCACAAACAAAGTCAGCAACAAACCTCACCCGGCAACCAAAAATACACCC
ACACCCCACGAATACAACACCGCCACCCCACTAAAATCTAATCGAACAGACAAAACCCCCACACTATCAA
CAGTAACCACCCCAAACTTCCAACACTCTACAAGCCCCCCAACAGATAATCCAACAACAAGAACCAAAAT
CAACCCTAAAATATACCCCATAACCCGCCAATCCCCCCACCCTTCAGGATACAAATCAGCTGCCAAAGAC
ACAGAGTACAAGAAAACCACCAACATCCCACCTAAATAAACCATAAATAACACCAATGACACAAAAGACA
ACCCCAAACTCAACAACCACCCACAGCCCACAACAGATGCTAACACTAAACCAACTACCCCATAATAAGG
GGACGGATTAGGCGCAACTGCCAACCCCCCCAAAACAAAGCACACCCCTAAAAAAATCATAAAATAAATC
ATCTATTCTTACTTGGCATTTCTCCAAGATCTCTGGCTTGAAAAGCCATCGTTGTACACTTCAACTATAA
GAACCACGCAGTTATCACACTGTCGTTTTTTTTACTTTTTTTTTGCTTTTTTTAACCTTAATTCCCCCCG
CCTACGCCTTTTTTCGCCCCCCCTTACCCCCCCGCGGACGGGAATTTTTATCGTATGCATAATGCGCATT
CGATCCATGTATTTTTGACATTTTAGTGTATGCATTTAGACAATTCATGCATGCTTTAGGGTACAATATG
TATACGCTCATCACCCCTCCCCCTCATCCTACTTTCAAGTTATTGAACTCCATGAAACACAGACCAGCAG
GAAACACCCTTCGTACCCGACACACAACCCCCCTTAGTTTCGTATGACCTAGAAATCCAGAACACGAATA
TACTTCACCACCAAACAGTCCATGACCTAGGAAAGACAGTCCGTGGTACAGGGCCTTACTCGCCTCAACT
TCTCGCCGTGCCGGTTTCTTCGTACCAGGTTATTTATTGATCGTTCACCTCACGAGAGATCAGCAACCCG
GTGTTAGTAATACCTATCACGCCCAGCTTCAGGATCATTCTTCCCCCAACACCCTAGCACAACTTGCTCT
TTTGCGCCTCTGGTTCCTATTTCAGGGCCATAACCCGATTAATCCACGGACCTTGCTCTTTACGAAGACA
TTCAAGCTATTTCAGGAATATCTCACCCTTGACCGAGTCACTGGCTGACTTCCGGGCCTCTGGTTCCCTT
TTAGGGTAATTTCAACGTGCCCTCCAGGCGGCTGCAACGGGAGCATACTATTGGTTGACGTGAGCATCGA
TGGCCCTCGGTCACTGTCTCACCTTCACGGATTTCCCGAATGAGACGGTGTAAATATCCGGGGAATCATT
TTGACACTGATGCACTTTGCTTTATATATGGTCAACATTGCACGGGTAAATACAATCCAAACTCCATACG
GAAGTGCAATACCAAAACCAAGTGTTAATAGTATATGAGCTTACTCCTCATAATGAGACTGAACAGACAG
ATAGTCCACGCAAGAAGGACAATACAGTGCAATCATGGAAGATTAGGACTTCTGGAAATTGGTGCCGACC
GTGCGATGCGACGAAGGCAACAAATTAATGCAAAAGCCAAGTAACAACCAAAACCGTACACGGATATTAC
ACAAGCACCACAAATTCATACCAAACAATCAAAATGTATCAACAGGGAAAACTGAAGTGCTCGCAAGCCC
GTATTAATGAATGTAAGAAGGATATGATCTTTAATTTAACTTTTTATGGTCTAAAACATAACTACTTTAA
ATAAAGACTCTTTATTGAGTGCACGATCGGACATAAAAAATTAACTCATCACACAATTCCTCCCCCCCCA
AAATTTCCTACCAATTTAAAATCAATTCTTTCTTTTTTTCATTTAATTTCATCATTAAACGACACATTTC
TCACCCACAAAACCCCATAAAATAACCATACCAAAATACAAAACACACCCCCCCCGGCCAACAAAACAAC
TCTCCTCAGCCAATAAAAAATACCCCCTTTAAAGCCAATAAAAAATATTAAGTCCCTGTAGCTTAACCAC
AAAAGCATAACACTGGAGATGTTAAGATGGTTTCCCAAACCCATGGACAATAGACTTAGTCCTAACCTTA
CAGTTAATTCTTGCCAAACATATACATGCAAGTATCCGCACCCCAGTGTAAATGCCCTCACCCCCTACTC
CAAAGCAGGGAAGAGGAGCAGGCATCAGGCACACCAATGTAGCCCAAAACGCCTTGCTCAGCCACGCCCC
CACGGGTATTCAGCAGTAATTAACATTAAGCAATGAGTGTAAACTCGACTTAGTTATGGCAACCCACTAG
GGCTGGTAAATCTTGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTCACACAAGAAGCCCAAATTAACCGTCACCCGGCGTAAAG
AGTGGTAACTTACTATCACTAAACTAAGGTCGAAATACAACTAAGCTGTCATAAGCCCATGATGTACTTA
AGACCACCCTAAAAACGACCCTAGCAATAACGATCAATTAAATACCACGAAAGCCAAGACACAAACTGGG
ATTAGATACCCCACTATGCTTGGCCTTAAATCTAAATACTTCTCCCCACCAAAGTATTCGCCTGAGAACT
ACGAGCACAAACGCTTAAAACTCTAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCTCCAAACCCACCTAGAGGAGCCTGTTCTAT
AATCGATAACCCACGATATACCCAACCCCTTCTTGCCTTAAGCAGCCTACATACCGCCGTCCCCAGCTCA
CCTACCCTGATAGACTTAACAGTGAGCACAATAGCACCCCGCTAATAAGACAGGTCAAGGTATAGCCTAT
GAACGGGAAGAAATGGGCTACATTTTCTAAAATAGAAAACCCAACGAAAAGGGACCTGAAACACCCCCTA
GAAGGAGGATTTAGTAGTAAAGGGGGACAAGAATGCCCCCTTAAACCCGGCCCTGGAGCACGTACATACC
GCCCGTCACCCTCTTCACAGCCCCCAATATCCATAACTAACACGCCCACTAGGCCAAAGATGAGGTAAGT
CGTAACAAGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTAGCATCAAGACGTAGCTAAACTAAAGCATTCAGCTTA
CTCCTGAAAGATACCTGCTCACACAGGTCGCCTTGAAGCCCACCCTAGCCCAACTACCTCATAAGAACTA
ACTCCAACCTTAAACTAAAACATTCTCCCGTCTAAGTATAGGCGATAGAAAAGACACTAGGAGTGATAGA
CTTCCAGTACCGTAAGGGAAAGATGAAATAACAATGAAAAACCTAAGCGACAAACAGCAAAGGCAAACCC
TTGTACCTCTTGCATCATGATTTAGCAAGAACAACTAAGCAAAATGAATCTTAAGCTTGCCACCCCGAAA
CCCAAGCGAGCTACTTACAAGCAGCTACCCTTGAGCAAACCCGTCTCTGTAGCAAAAGAGTGGGAAGACT
TGTTAGTAGAGGTGTAAAGCCTACCGAGCTGGGTGATAGCTGGTTGCCTGTGAAATGAATCTAAGTTCTC
CCTTAATTTTACCTCCCCTGCAAAACTCGAACACTTGCCCGTAGCAAATTAAGAGTAATTTAAAGGAGGA
ACGGCTCCTTTAAAAAAGAATACAACCTTCCCCAGAGGATAAGCATTCTACCCTTCGAACTTGTAGGCCT
TTAAGCAGCCACCACCAAAGAGTGCGTCAAAGCTCAGCCCCCTACCAAAAATCCAAAAACAAATGCGACT
CCCTCATCTACAACAGGCTAACCTATGAAAAATAGGAGCATTAATGCTAAAATAAGTAACTAAGGACATC
CTTCTAAAGCACAAACTTACATCTCACATTATTAACAGGCCTACTAATACCAAAACCTCACAAGACTAAG
TATTTAACAACCCTGTTAAGCCAACTCAGGAGTGCCCATCTAGAAAGATTTAAACCTGTAAAAGGAACTA
GGCAAATTTCAAGGTCCGACTGTTTACCAAAAACATAGCCCTCAGCACACCAAGTATTGAAGGTGATGCC
TGCCCAGTGACATTAAAGTTTAACGGCCGCGGTATCCTAACCGTGCAAAGGTAGCGCAATCAATTGTCCC
ATAAATCGAGACTTGTATGAATGACCAAACGAGGTCTTAACTGTCTCTTACAGGTAATCAGTGAAATTGA
TCCCCCTATGCAAAAGTAGGGATAAACCCATAAGACGAGAAGACCCTGTGGAACTTAAAAACCAGCAAAC
CACTCTAAACTAAATCATACCCACCAGGCTCACCACCATAGACAATTGGCTTGCATTTTTCGGTTGGGGC
GACCTTGTAGAAAAAAGTATCCCCCAAAAATAAGACCACCCCTCTTAACCAAGACCAACTATTCAACGTA
CTAATAGTAACCAGACCCAGCATAAGCTGATCAATGAGCCAAGCTACCCCAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCC
CCTCAAGAGCCCATATCGACAGGGGGGTTTACGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAGC
CGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGATTAATTAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGCAATCC
AGGTCGGTTTCTATCTATGACTAGACCTTTCCCAGTACGAAAGGACCGGAAAAGTGAGGCCAATGCTACA
AGTACGCCTTCTCCAAAAAGTAATGAACCCATCTAAATTACCAAAAGGACTTTCACCATAGCCCTAGACA
AAGGCAGCTAGCGTGGCAGAGCTCGGCAAATGCAAAAGGCTTAAGCCCTTTCCCCAGAGGTTCAAATCCT
CTCCCTAGCCCCATGATCTATCTCATAATATCCTTATCGTACATAATCCCTATCCTACTTGCCGTAGCTT
TCCTGACATTAATTGAACGAAAAATTTTAAGCTACATACAAGCCCGAAAAGGCCCAAACATCGTAGGCCC
CTTCGGACTTCTTCAACCAATTGTAGACGGAGTTAAACTATTCACAAAAGAGCCAATTCGCCCATCCACA
TCATCTCCCCTCCTATTTGTCACAACTCCCATCCTAGCCCTACTTCTAGCGCTCACAATCTGAACCCCAC
TCCCTCTCCCATTCCCCCTTGCCGACCTAAACCTAGGATTCCTATTTCTCCTAGCAATATCAAGCCTAGC
AGTATACTCAATCTTATGGTCAGGATGGGCCTCCAACTCAAAATACGCACTAATTGGGGCACTCCGAGCA
GTAGCACAAACCATCTCCTACGAAGTAACACTAGCCATCATTCTCCTATCAACAATCCTCCTAAGCGGAA
ACTATACCTTAACTACACTCATCACCACCCAAGAGCCACTCTATCTAATCTTCTCCTCATGACCCCTTGC
AATAATATGATATATCTCTACCCTGGCCGAAACAAACCGAGCACCATTCGACCTAACCGAAGGAGAGTCA
GAATTAGTTTCTGGGTTTAATGTAGAATATGCAGCAGGACCATTTGCCCTATTCTTCCTCGCAGAATATG
CAAACATCATATTAATAAACACACTAACAATCATTCTTTTCCTAAATCCAAGCTTCTTAAACACCCCAAT
AGAATTATACCCAACAATCCTAGCAACAAAGACCCTGCTCTTATCCTCAGGCTTCTTATGAATCCGTGCC
TCATATCCACGATTTCGCTACGACCAACTAATACACCTACTATGGAAAAACTTTCTCCCCCTAACACTCG
CACTCTGCCTCTGACATACAAGCATACCAATCTCCTACGCAGGCCTACCTCCTTACCTAAGGAAATGTGC
CTGAACGTAAAGGGTCACTATGATAAAGTGAACATAGAGGTATACCAGTCCTCTCATTTCCTAGCAAAGG
ATTAGAAAAGTAGGAATCGAACCTACACAAGAGAGATCAAAACTCCCCATACTTCCTTTATATTATTTCC
TAGCAAGGTCAGCTAAAAAAGCTATCGGGCCCATACCCCGAAAATGATGGTTTAACCCCCTCCCTCGCTA
ATGAACCCATACGCAAGCCTCATCTTCTCCGCAAGCCTAATCCTAGGGACAACAATCACAATCTCAAGCA
ACCACTGAATAATAGCCTGAACAGGATTAGAAATCAACACCCTAGCCATTATCCCCCTTATCTCAAAATC
CCACCACCCACGAGCCACCGAAGCAGCTATCAAATACTTCCTAGTTCAAGCAGTCGCATCTACGCTCCTA
CTATTCTCCAGCACAATCAATGCCTGACACACAGGCCAATGAGACATTACACAGTTAACCCAACCAACAG
CATCCCTACTACTAACAACAGCAATCTCAATAAAACTAGGCCTAGCACCATTCCACTTTTGATTTCCAGA
AGTACTTCAAGGCTCATCCCCCATCACCGCGCTCCTCCTATCCACAATAATAAAACTCCCCCCCATCACC
ATCTTACTACTAACATCCCACTCACTCAACCCAACACTGCTAACCACACTAGCAATCCTCTCAGCTGCCC
TGGGAGGATGAATAGGATTAAACCAAACCCAACTACGAAAAATCTTAGCCTTCTCATCTATCTCTCATCT
AGGATGAATAACCGTCATTTTAGTATACAATCCTAAACTAGCCCTACTTACCTTCTACCTCTACTGCCTA
ATAACCACCCCCATCTTCCACACCATCAATACAACCAAAACCCTTAAACTAACCACAATAATAACCTCAT
GAACAAAAACACCTGTAATAAACGCAGCTCTAATACTCACGCTCCTATCCCTAGCAGGTCTTCCACCCCT
CTCAGGCTTCCTACCAAAATGACTTATTATTCAAGAACTATCCAAGCAAGAAATAGCCCCTACGGCCACA
ATCATCGCAATACTATCCCTGCTCGGACTGTTCTTCTACCTCCGCCTAGCATACTACTCCACTATTACCC
TTCCACCAAACTCCACAAGCCGAATTAAACAATGACACATTAACAAACCAGCAAAGACCCAAATCGCCAT
CTTTACTTCCCTATCAACTCTACTCCTACCCTTATCACCCTTAATCTTAGCCACACTCTAAGAAGCTTAG
GGTAGACCTAAACCAAAGGCCTTCAAAGCCTTAAACAAGAGTTAAACCCTCTTAGTTTCTGCTAAGACCC
GCAGGACACTACCCTGCATCTCATGAATGCAACTCAAGTGCTTTAATTAAGCTAGGGCCTTATCTAGACA
GATGGGCCTCGATCCCATAAATATCCTAGTTAACAGCTAAGCGCCCTAAACCAGCGAGCTTCTATCTATC
CATAAAGACCAAACATCCAGACCCCGGCACATTATTAATGTACATCAATGAGCTTGCAACTCAATATGAA
CTTCACTACGGAGCCGATAAGAAGAGGAACTAAACCCCTGTAAAAAGGTCTACAGCCTAACGCCTAAACA
CTCGGCCATCTTACCCGTGACACACATCAACCGATGATTATTCTCAACCAACCACAAAGACATTGGAACA
CTTTACCTAATTTTCGGGGCCTGAGCCGGCATAATTGGCACCGCTCTCAGCCTACTTATCCGAGCAGAAC
TAGGACAGCCCGGCAGCCTCCTAGGAGACGACCAAATCTATAATGTAATCGTCACCGCCCACGCCTTCGT
AATAATCTTCTTTATAGTAATACCAATCATAATTGGAGGCTTTGGCAACTGACTAGTACCTCTCATAATC
GGAGCCCCAGACATAGCATTTCCTCGAATAAACAACATAAGCTTCTGACTCCTTCCCCCCTCCTTCCTAC
TGCTCCTAGCATCCTCCATAGTAGAGGCAGGAGCAGGTACAGGTTGAACAGTCTATCCCCCACTAGCCGG
CAACCTAGCACACGCAGGTGCTTCAGTAGACCTAGCCATCTTCTCCCTCCACTTAGCAGGAGTCTCATCT
ATCCTAGGCGCCATCAACTTCATTACAACTGCCATCAACATAAAACCACCAGCCCTGTCCCAATACCAAA
CCCCTCTATTCGTATGATCCGTCCACATCACCGCCGTTCTACTACTATCCCTCCCCGTCCTTGCTGCTGG
CATTACCATGCTACTTACTGACCGAAACCTAAACACCACATTCTTTGACCCAGCAGGAGGAGGAGACCCT
ATCCTGTACCAACACCTTTTCTGATTCTTCGGACACCCAGAAGTCTACATCTTAATCCTACCAGGGTTCG
GAATCATCTCACACGTCGTCACCTACTACTCAGGAAAAAAAGAACCTTTCGGTTACATAGGAATAGTATG
GGCAATACTATCCATCGGATTCCTCGGCTTTGTCGTATGAGCCCACCACATATTCACAGTCGGCATAGAC
GTAGACACCCGAGCATATTTCACATCAGCAACAATAATCATTGCTATCCCAACCGGCATCAAAGTCTTCA
GCTGATTAGCCACACTCCACGGAGGTACAATCAAATGAGACCCCCCAGTACTCTGAGCCCTAGGCTTTAT
CTTCTTATTCACCATCGGAGGATTAACAGGAATCGTCCTAGCAAACTCTTCCCTAGACATTGCCCTACAC
GACACATACTACGTAGTTGCCCACTTCCACTACGTATTATCAATAGGAGCTGTATTCGCCATCCTAGCGG
GGTTTACCCACTGATTCCCCCTGTTCACCGGATTCACCTTACACCCAACCTGAGCTAAAGCCCACTTCGG
AGTAATATTCACAGGCGTAAACCTAACCTTCTTCCCCCAACACTTCCTAGGCCTAGCAGGCATACCTCGA
CGATACTCAGACTACCCAGACGCCTACACCATATGAAATACCATATCTTCAATTGGCTCATTAATCTCTA
TAGTTGCCGTAATCATGCTTATATTCATCACATGAGAAGCCTTCGCATCCAAACGAAAAATCACCCAACC
AGAAATAACAGCCACTAACATTGAATGAATCCACGGCTGCCCTCCCCCACACCACACCTTCGAAGAACCA
GCCTTCGTCCAAGTACAAGAAAGGAAGGAATCGAACCCTCACATGCTGGTTTCAAGCCAACCGCATCAAA
CCACTTATGCTTCTTTCTTATGAGGTGTTAGTAAACTAACTATTACATAACCTTGTCAAGGCTAAATCAC
AGGTGAAAACCCTGTACATCTCACATGGCTAACCCTTCCCAACTAGGATTCCAAGACGCCTCTTCCCCTA
TTATAGAAGAACTTGTAGAATTTCACGACCACGCCCTAATAGTAGCCCTGGCAATCTGCAGCCTAGTCCT
CTACCTCCTCGCACTTATATTAATAGAAAAACTATCATCAAACACCGTAGATGCCCAAGAAGTAGAACTA
GTCTGAACAATCCTACCAGCTATCGTCCTCATTCTACTCGCCCTACCATCCCTCCAAATCCTATATATGA
TAGACGAACTAGACGAACCAGACCTAACCCTAAAAGCCATCGGCCATCAATGATACTGAACCTACGAATA
CACAGATTTTAAAGACCTTACATTCGATTCATACATAGTCCCTACAACAGATCTCCTACCAGGACACTTC
CGACTCCTAGAAGTAGATCATCGATTAGTCATCCCAATAGAATCCCCCATCCGAATTATCATCACAGCAG
ATGACGTCCTACACTCCTGAGCAATTCCCACACTAGGAGTAAAAACTGACGCAATCCCAGGACGATTAAA
CCAAACATCATTTATCACCACCCGCCCAGGCATTTTCTACGGCCAATGCTCTGAAATTTGTGGTGCTAAC
CACAGCTATATACCAATTGTAGTAGAATCTACACCCCTCATCCACTTCGAAAACTGATCCTCCCTACTAT
CATCCTAATCATTAAGAAGCTATGCCACAGCACTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAGATAAAGAGATCCACCAACATC
TCCTTAATGATATGCCACAACTAAACCCCCACCCATGGTTCTACACTATTCTCATAACGTGATTAACCCT
CTCATTAATTATCCAACCTAAACTATCATCATTCTTCACCACTAATCCAATCCTCAATAAACCAATTATA
AGCACTAAAACTCACTCATGAACCTGACCATGAACCTAAGCTTCTTCAATCAATTCATAAGCCCCTCCCT
CCTGGGAATCCCCCTAATACTACTCTCCATACTATTTCCAGCCCTGCTACTCCCATCACCAAACAACCGA
TGAATCACCAACCGACTCTCCACACTCCAAACATGACTCCTCCACCTCATCACAAAACAACTAATAACCC
CATTAGACAAGAAAAGCCACAAATGAGCCCTAATCCTTACATCCCTTATAACACTCTTACTTATCATCAA
CCTTCTAGGACTACTCCCCTATACTTTCACTCCCACAACCCAACTATCAATAAATATAGCCCTAGCATTC
CCACTTTGACTCGCAACCCTCCTCACAGGATTACGCAACCAACCCTCAATTTCCCTTGCTCACCTATTAC
CTGAAGGAACACCCACACCATTAATCCCCGCATTAATCATAATCGAAACTACCAGCTTACTAATCCGTCC
ACTTGCCTTAGGGGTTCGCTTAACTGCAAATCTCACGGCAGGCCACCTACTCATTCAACTCATCTCTACA
GCTGCCATTGCCCTACTCCCAATCACACCCTCAATTTCTATCCTAACAACATCCATCCTACTACTGCTAA
CCATTCTAGAAGTAGCAGTAGCCATAATCCAGGCCTACGTCTTCGTCCTCTTACTGAGCCTTTACTTACA
AGAAAACACCTAATGGCCCACCAAGCACACTCCTATCACATAGTAGACCCCAGCCCATGACCTATTTTTG
GAGCAGCAGCCGCTCTATTCACTACCTCAGGCTTAATTATGTGATTTCATCACAACTCCTCACTACTCCT
AACCCTAGGACTACTATCCATAACCCTTGTTACACTACAATGATGACGAGACATCATTCGAGAAAGCACA
TTCCAAGGACACCACACCCCACCCGTCCAAAAAGGCCTACGATACGGTATGGCCTTATTCATTACATCAG
AAGCATTTTTTTTCCTAGGCTTCTTCTGAGCATTCTTCCACTCTAGCCTCGCCCCAACCCCAGAACTAGG
AGGACAATGACCCCCCACAGGAATTAACCCCCTCAATCCACTAGAAGTCCCCCTATTAAACACAGCCATC
CTACTAGCTTCGGGCATTACCGTAACATGAACCCACCACAGCATCTCAATCGGAAGCCGAAAACAAGCAA
TCCAAGCACTAACTTTAACCATCTTACTGGGATTCTATTTCACAGCTCTCCAAGCAATAGAGTATCACGA
AACCTCATTCTCAATCGCTGATAGTGTATACGGCTCAACTTTCTTTGTTGCCACAGGTTTCCACGGACTT
CACGTTATCATCGGATCATCCTTCTTACTTGTCTGCCTACTACGCCTAATCAAATTCCACTTTACATCTA
ACCACCACTTCGGATTTGAAGCAGCAGCCTGATATTGACACTTCGTAGACGTCATTTGACTATTCCTCTA
CATGTCTATTTACTGATGAGGATCCTGCCTTTCTAGTATAATAATTACAATTGACTTCCAATCTCTAAAA
TCTGGTATTAGCCCAGAGAAAGGCAATTAACATAATCACATTTATACTTACCCTATCCCTCATCCTAAGC
ACTGCCCTAGTCACATTAAACTTCTGACTAACCCAAACTAACCCAGACCCCGAAAAACTTTCACCCTACG
AATGCGGATTTGACCCACTGGGATCCGCCCGCCTCCCATTCCCAATCCGATTCTTCCTCAGTAGCAATCC
TATTCCTATTATTCGACCTAGAAATCGCACTCCTCCTGCCCCTACCCTGAGCCACTCGACTCCAATCTCC
CACCACCACCCTAACCTGAACATTCATCATCATCCTTTTACTCACCCTAGGACTAATCTATGAATGAATA
CAAGGTGGCCTAGAATGGGCAGAATAACCAAAGAAAGTTAGTCTAACAAAGACAGTTGATTTCGACTCAA
CAAATCATAGTCCAACCCTGTGACTTTCTCTATGTCCTCCTTACATCTAAGCTTCTACTCAGCATTCACA
CTAAGCAGCCTAGGACTCGCATTCCACCGAACCCACCTAGTATCAGCCCTATTATGCTTAGAAAGCATAA
TATTATCAGTCTACATCACCCTATCAATCTGACCCGTCGAAAACCAAGCAACATCATCAACCCTAATGCC
CATACTCATACTAACATTCTCAGCCTGTGAAGCAGGCACCGGCCTAGCCATGTTAGTCGCCACCACACGA
ACCCATGGCTCAGACCAACTCCAAAACCTAAACCTCCTACAATGCTAAAAATCATTATCCCAACAGCCAT
ACTCATCCCAACAACCCTCCTAACCCCACAAAAACTCCTACGGTCAACTATCACCGCACACAGCACACTA
ATTGCTACCCTGAGCCTACAATGATTAACCCCAACATACTACCCTCACAAAAACCTATCCCAGTGAACCG
GCATCGACCAAACTTCATCACCACTACTAGCACTCTTATGCTGACTACTTCCCCTTATACTCATAGCAAG
CCAAAACCACCTACAACAAGAACCACCTTCACGAAAACGAACCTTTATCACAACCATAATTATAGTTCAG
CCATTTATCATCATAGCATTCTCAGCGACAGAACTTACAATATTCTACATCTCATTCGAAGCAACTCTAA
TCCCAACCCTCATCCTAATTACACGCTGGGGAAACCAACCAGAACGCCTAAGCGCTGGCATCTACTTAAT
GCTCTACACTCTAATCAGCTCCCTCCCGCTGCTAATCACAATTCTCTACCTACACGCACAACTCGGTACT
CTACACCTAACAATACTAGCACTTACACACCCCCACACCACAAACCACTGAACTAACTTATTATCAAGCC
TAGCACTACTAATAGCATTCATAGTAAAAGCCCCATTATACGGCCTCCACCTATGACTACCAAAAGCCCA
CGTAGAAGCCCCAATTGCAGGATCAATACTACTAGCCGCCCTACTTTTAAAACTAGGGGGCTACGGAATT
ATACGAACCACCATCCTAACAGGCCCTCTCCCAAACCTCATCCACTATCCATTCCTCGTCCTAGCCCTCT
GAGGAACCCTAATAACCAGCTCTATCTGCTTACGCCAAACCGACTTAAAAGCACTCATCGCCTACTCCTC
TGTAAGCCACATAGGCTTAGTCATCGCCGCAACAATAATCCAAACCCACTGGTCATTCTCAGGAGCAATA
ATCCTAATAATCTCTCACGGGCTGACATCCTCGATACTATTCTGCCTAGCAAACACAAACTACGAACGCA
CACACAGCCGCATCCTCCTACTAACACGAGGCCTACAACCCATCCTCCCCCTCATGGCAACCTGATGACT
ATTAGCCAACTTAACCAACATAGCACTACCACCAACAACAAACCTAATAGCAGAACTAATAATCATAACT
ACCCTATTTAACTGATCAAACCTAACACTTATCTTAACTGGCATAGCAATATTACTAACTGCCGCATACA
CCCTATCCATATTACTCATAACCCAACGGGGCATCCTACCCACACATCTTACCTCCATCCAAAACTCAAA
CACACGAGAACACCTACTAATAATCCTCCACATCACCCCCCTACTACTCCTCATCCTAAAACCAGAACTC
ATCTCAAGAACCTAACAGGCAGGTATAGTTTTAACCCAAACATTAGACTGTGATTCTAAAAATAGAAGTT
AAACCCTTCTTACCTACCGAGGGGAGGAGCAATCCAACAAGAACTGCTAACTCTCGCCTCTGAGCCTAAA
ACCTCAGTCCCCTTACTTTTAAAGGATAGTAGCAATCCACTGGTCTTGGGAACCATTAACCTTGGTGCAA
ATCCAAGTAAAAGTAATGGAAACAATACTCAGCACACTAATCCTAATTACATTAACCACACTCACCATAC
CCCTACTACTCCCCCTACTATCAAAAAAACTTAAATCCACCCCAACTATCATCACACACACTGTCAAAAT
CGCCTTCATAACCAGCCTCCTGCCAATAATACTATTTATCCACTCAAACACAGAATGCATCACCTCCTAC
TGAGAATGAAAAATCATTATAAATTTTAAAATCCCACTCAGCCTCAAAATAGACCAATACTCTATAACAT
TCTTCCCAATCGCCCTCTTCGTGACATGATCCATCCTCCAATTCGCAATATGATATATATCCTCAGAACC
CCACATTAACAAATTCTTCTCATACCTACTAATATTTCTAATTGCCATATTAACACTAACCGTAGCAAAC
AACATATTCCTACTGTTCATTGGATGAGAAGGAGTAGGCATCATATCCTTCCTCCTGATTGGCTGATGAC
AAGGCCGAGCAGAAGCCAACACGGCCGCCCTACAGGCCGTGCTATACAACCGAATCGGAGACATTGGCCT
TATCTTAAGCATAATATGACTTGCTTCCACCACAAATACCTGAGAAATCCAACAAAACTTTTCTCAAATA
CACACACCAACCCTTCCACTGCTAGGCCTAATCCTAGCCGCCACAGGAAAATCAGCTCAATTCGGACTCC
ACCCATGACTCCCCGCAGCCATAGAAGGCCCAACCCCAGTATCCGCCCTACTACACTCCAGCACAATAGT
TGTAGCCGGAATCTTCCTACTAGTACGCACCCACCCCATACTCACCAACAACACAACAGCCCTCACCCTA
TGCCTAGGCTTAGGCGCCCTATCCACACTATTCGCCGCTACATGTGCTTTGACACAAAATGACATCAAGA
AAATCATTGCTTTCTCCACCTCAAGCCAACTAGGATTAATAATAGTCACCATTGGACTCAACCTACCCCA
ACTAGCCTTCCTCCACATTTCAACCCACGCCTTCTTCAAAGCCATGTTATTCCTCTGTTCGGGATCAATC
ATCCACAACTTAAACGGAGAACAGGACATCCGAAAAATAGGAGGTCTCCAAAAACTTCTACCCACAACCA
CAGCATGCTTCACCATCGGAAACCTCGCCCTAATAGGAACCCCCTTCCTAGCAGGATTCTATTCAAAAGA
CCTCATCATTGAAAACCTAAATACCTCTTACCTAAACACCTGAGCCCTCCTCCTCACCCTACTTGCCACA
ACCTTCACCGCAACCTATACCCTACGCATAACCCTAATAGTCCAAACAGGACACACCCGAACAACTGTCA
TCACACCCATAAACGAAAACAACCCTAAAATCATCAACCCCATCACCCGACTCGCCCTAGGTAGCATTTT
AGCTGGCTCACTCATCACATCATATATCCTCCCAAACAAAACACCTCCCATAACCATACCAATTACTACA
AAAACCGCAGCCCTTACCATCACAGTCCTAGGCATCATCCTAGCATTAGAAATCACAAGCTTAACCCACA
CCCTAACCAAACCAAAACAAAACATCTACCAAAACTTCTCTTCCTCGCTAGGATATTTCAACTCCCTAAT
CCACCGCCTCGTCACAACAAAACTCCTAAACAACGGCCAAAACCTTGCCACTCACCTAATCGACCTATCA
TGATACAAAAAAGCAGGCCCAGAAGGCCTCGCCAACCTACAACTCACAATAACTAAAGCCTCAGCCATCA
CTCATACAGGACTAATCAAAACCTACCTAGAATCATTCGCCCTCTCCATCCTTATCATCTTACTCTATAT
AAACTAGTACCAACCCA
Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.